Analgesia is an important link in the treatment of severe patients after neurosurgery and plays a vital role in improving the prognosis of the patients.Understanding the status quo and influencing fac-tors of pain in severe patients after neurosurgery helps to predict the occurrence of pain,which is crucial for determining the new pain assessment methods and auxiliary analgesic methods and developing novel analgesic drugs.This paper reviews the pain status,pain evaluation and analgesic methods of severe patients after neuro-surgery in recent years so as to understand the pain management current status of the patients with severe neurological conditions and provide reference for the medical staff to implement the analgesic programs.

The goal of gastrointestinal endoscopy anesthesia management is to effectively calm and re-lieve pain while minimizing related adverse reactions and ensuring patient safety.Hypoxemia is the most com-mon adverse event during painless gastrointestinalendoscopy,and severe hypoxemia can cause cardiac and brain accidents.Therefore,how to prevent and reduce the occurrence of hypoxemia isa hot topic in clinical re-search.This article reviews the methods of preventing and reducing hypoxemia in general painless gastrointes-tinal endoscopy,and provides a reference for the selection of appropriate sedation and ventilation strategies for general painless gastrointestinal endoscopy anesthesia.

Objective:To explore the effect of hand making combined with social skills training on the self-care ability and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:According to random number table method, totally 120 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the Second People ′s Hospital of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province from January to December 2019 were divided into observation and control groups, which had 60 patients in each groups, 10 cases and 7 cases fell off respectively. The control group received antipsychotic medication and routine nursing, meanwhile the general recreational activities (circles, radio exercises, etc.) and physical therapy were also carried out in the department and rehabilitation physical therapy center. The observation group was given hand making and social skills training for 12 weeks on the basis of the control group. The self-care ability and quality of life of patients in the two groups were compared before intervention, 6 and 12 weeks after intervention. Results:Before intervention, there was no statistical significance in the scores of World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in 2 groups ( P>0.05). After 6 and 12 weeks of intervention, ADL scores in the observation group were (96.40±3.79) and (98.50±2.53) points, while those in the control group were (93.96±4.31) and (94.06±4.28) points. And the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t values were 3.38, 6.36, P<0.05). However, after 6 weeks of intervention, there was no significant difference in WHOQOL-BREF scores between the two groups ( P>0.05); after 12 weeks of intervention, the scores of WHOQOL-BREF in the domains of G1(patients′ self-rated quality of life), G4(patients′ satisfaction with self-rated health status), physiology, psychology, social relations and environment in the observation group were (3.76±1.14), (3.86±1.03), (14.83±2.56), (15.04±3.07), (14.72±3.67) (14.55±3.22) points. The scores of the control group were (3.00±0.83), (3.34±0.90), (12.79±2.06), (12.70±2.45), (12.70±3.06) and (12.64±2.42) points. And the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t values were from 2.73 to 4.47, P<0.01). Conclusions:Hand making combined with social skills training can improve the self-care ability and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia, and it is an effective means of treatment to help the patients with schizophrenia to achieve recovery, out of the hospital, back to society.