OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacoeconomic efficacy of four chemotherapeutic schemes for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients.METHODS:92 elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into four groups:GP,NP,PC,and TP groups.The pharmacoeconomic efficacy of the four groups was analyzed and evaluated retrospectively using the cost-minimization analysis in pharmacoeconomics.RESULTS:The costs of GP,NP,PC,and TP schemes were 10 820.69 yuan,5 864.54 yuan,7 595.57 yuan,and 7 774.64 yuan,respectively(P0.05),respectively.The adverse drug reactions were characterized by different degree of myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reactions,all were cured on symptomatic treatment.CONCLUSION:The cost-minimization analysis showed that NP scheme is the optimal one of the four schemes.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD),the two major types of dementia in old age, differ from each other in pathological mechanism, treatment and prognosis. Up to now, no effective therapeutic method for AD is available, but VD can be treated effectively so that patients' quality of life can be improved.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) and brain evoked potentials (BEP) between AD and VD patients.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis based on AD and VD patients.SETTING: Neurological Department, the First Clinical Medical College of Harbin Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: All inpatients and discharged patients were selected filiated to Harbin Medical University from December 1996 to December 2000. The history was provided by the patients themselves or their relatives who lived together with them. Nine cases of AD and fourteen cases of VD were diagnosed according to the diagnostic standard for AD and VD set by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorder and Stroke-the Alzheimer disease and Related Disorder Association, and Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disease (4th edition). According to the clinical rating standard, the patients had mild or moderate degree of dementia.METHODS: AD and VD patients were analyzed with retrospective analynitive functions, including long-term and short-term memory, calculation,comprehension, abstract thinking, dyschronism and disorientation; c. emotional reaction, including depression, anxiety, fear, euphoria, compulsive laughing and crying; d personality alteration, including indifference,optimally were collected from the abnormal segment signals. After calculation, 4 frequency band powers of θ,δ, α and β of the total power of 1-30 N1, P2, N2 and P3 and the waves of P2 and P3 were measured. Comparison between the two groups and rate comparison were made with t-test and χ2 test, respectively.ease, cognitive functions and noncognitive functions between AD patients RESULTS: Data of 9 AD and 14 VD patients as well as 15 normal old cognitive functions and noncognitive functions between AD patients and VD patients: The onset of AD was slow, but that of VD was abrupt. Cognitive functions of AD patients were decreased, including memory decline,calculation decrement, abstract thinking disorder, dyschronism and disorientation. The cognitive functions of VD group were characterized by partial decrement and intermittent ladderlike aggravation. Memory decline and calculation ability decrease were the main characteristics, but other cognitive dysfunctions could not be observed as much as in AD. The patients of AD group often had depression as the most common emotional disorder.Personality alteration took initiative decrement as the most common one,whereas emotional disorder in the patients of VD group was presented by compulsive crying and laughing. One patient seldom had more than two and VD patients: BEAM of 7 AD patients was characterized by the power of θ frequency band of the whole head increased. The level of increase was consistent with the level of dementia (score of MMSE). At the same time,the power of α and β frequency bands declined, and the power of δ increased later, the left side (F3) was significantly higher than the right side AD and VD patients: The changes of BEP in the two group patients had poorly differentiated waves, with lower P300 wave and obviously delayed latent period. The abnormality degree of patients in AD group was more obvious than that in VD group.with memory decline and calculation ability decrease as the main characteristics in VD patients. The noncognitive functions of AD patients were more aftients were presented as the increased power of the whole head in the former ones and the increased power of θ frequency band in the latter ones. The changes were coincident with the severity of dementia in AD, but not in VD.effect of the former one was greater than that of the latter one.

Objective To investigate the in vitro quinolones resistance in Helicobacter pylori ( HP) strains isolated in Zhejiang province and to provide references for the clinical application of quinolones in the eradication of HP infection.Methods A total of 713 HP strains were isolated from several hospitals located in different regions of Zhejiang province from April to June 2013.Drug sensitivity test was performed to measure the resistance of those HP strains to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin by using the agar dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ( CLSI) .The antibiotic solutions were added to the agar and diluted into corresponding critical concentrations.The mixed liquors were placed in dilution plates and added with the bacteria suspension.If there were bacterial expansion on the plates after incuba-tion, the strains were considered to be drug-resistant strains.Results The resistance rates of 713 HP strains to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were 19.50%.In addition to the Jinhua area, drug resistance rates in the other 7 areas including Hangzhou, Wenzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Taizhou, Lishui and Zhoushan were above 15%.The highest drug resistance rate of HP was found in Wenzhou, which was significantly higher than that in Jinhua area (26.40%vs 9.52%, P<0.05).No significant differences in the resistance rate of HP to quinolone were found between Wenzhou area and the other regions in Zhejiang.Conclusion Com-pared with amoxicillin and furazolidone, higher resistance rates of HP to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were observed in Zhejiang province.Because the mechanisms of drug resistance to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were same and the drug targets within HP to which the two antibiotics binding were similar, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin shared common characteristics of drug resistance among HP strains, indicating that prescription of the two antibiotics in replacement should be avoided in clinical treatment of HP drug-resistant strains.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Geinstein (GEN) solid dispersion,and improve the dissolution rate of GEN in vitro. METHODS:Using PVP K30,PEG6000,and PEG4000 as carriers,GEN solid dispersion was prepared by solvent melting meth-od,and its dissolution in vitro was investigated. The structure of the solid dispersion was characterized by FTIR and DSC. RE-SULTS:GEN solid dispersion prepared with PEG4000 as carrier was better than those with other carriers in dissolution,and drug-carrier ratio (1:5) was the best. The results of DSC and FTIR showed that GEN in solid dispersion took amorphous form. CONCLUSIONS:GEN solid dispersion is prepared successfully and significantly improve the dissolution of GEN in vitro.

Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is one of the most methods in the transgenic animal research and the efficiency of spermatozoa binding and internalization exogenous DNA after sperm/DNA co-culture is important to a successful SMGT.In this study,the influencing factors of exogenous DNA uptake by spermatozoa were detected using DIG labeled EGFP as exogenous gene.The results demonstrated that porcine spermatozoa could spontaneously take up exogenous DNA which mainly binding occurs on the sub-acrosomal and nuclei region of the sperm head.The rate of spermatozoa binding exogenous DNA increased with the extending action of time.At 37℃ and 39℃,the rate of spermatozoa uptake exogenous DNA would not increase after 60 min incubation,and the similar result was observed on 90 min at 17℃.Binding rates and internalization rates of washed ejaculated sperm cells from the 15 boars varied between 6.57%-35.81% and 2.990%-24.66%,respectively.The binding rate and intemalization rate were mostly inhibited by seminal plasma.The binding rates were significantly increased by liposome and DMSO,respectively.Dead-spermatozoa could bind exogenous DNA,the intermalization process could not be completed.Furthermore,the highest binding rate was found in membrane broken spermatozoa as a result of freeze-thawing and this was independent of the sperm donors.

Objective To explore the clinical value of a new scoring system for gastric cancer screening in hospital visits.Methods A new scoring system for gastric cancer screening was used to retrospectively analyze data of patients who visited Wenzhou Central Hospital for various digestive symptoms from April 2017 to August 2018 and met the screening requirements.All patients were divided into three groups according to the grading results of the new scoring system:low-risk group (0-11 points),medium-risk group (12-16 points) and high-risk group (17-23 points).A comparative analysis was performed on the detection of gastric cancer and gastric precancerous conditions among the three groups.Results A total of 2 674 patients were included in this study,1 694(63.35％) in the low-risk group,833(31.15％) in the medium-risk group,and 147(5.50％) in the high-risk group.The total detection rate of gastric cancer was 2.73％ (73/2 674).The detection rates were 1.06％ (18/1 694),4.32％ (36/833) and 12.93％ (19/147) in the three groups,respectively.There were significant differences in the detection rate of gastric cancer between any two of the three groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The detection rates of early gastric cancer in medium-risk group [2.04％ (17/833)] and high-risk group [4.08 ％ (6/147)] were significantly higher than that in the low-risk group[0.35％(6/1 694),all P＜0.05].Conclusion The new gastric cancer screening scoring system can not only significantly improve the detection rate of gastric cancer in hospital visits,but also improve the diagnostic rate of early gastric cancer.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and trends of adverse drug reactions (ADR) induced by anti-infective drugs in Shanghai Prison General Hospital and provide a guideline of rational drug use and pharmacovigilance for detainees. Methods The anti-infective drug induced ADR cases reported to the national ADR monitoring center in our hospital from January 2011 to October 2018 were collected. The primary and secondary factors of types, organs and (or) systems affected by anti-infective drugs that lead to ADR were studied with Pareto diagram. Results 158 ADR cases caused by anti-infective drugs were collected. 143 cases (90.51%) were male in 20-59 years old. Pareto diagram analysis showed that ADRs mainly involved eight kinds of anti-infective drugs (antituberculosis drugs, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, antiviral drugs, penicillin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and nitroimidazoles). ADRs mainly involved in hepatobiliary and blood system. Both topical and systemic reactions were reported. Abnormal liver function, liver injury, rash and allergic reaction were the most common. Conclusion Pareto diagram method reflected the "critical minority and minor majority" analysis on detainees with ADRs caused by anti-infective drug. It was recommended to focus on anti-tuberculosis drugs and cephalosporin drugs to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADR.