Thirty-four dogs were inflicted with blast injury from a shock tube with a diameter of 348 mm. The peak value of the overpressure was 1.05~1.33kg/ cm2, the effective time of the overpressure 40~45 milliseconds, and the speed of the blast wave 473~509m/s. There were 11 dogs (32.4%) with very severe damage, 5 (14.7%) with severe damage, 17 (50%) with moderate damage and 1 with mild damage. The peak value and the effective time of the overpressure were the decisive factors to determine the severity'of the damage, and the posture of the animal at the time of blast impact might also be important. The sensivity of different organs to the blast wave was not uniform, it was related to the position, size, degree of dissociation, and structural characteristics of the organ concerned. The order of the sensitivity of various organs, from highly to less sensitive, could be arranged as follows; the audotory apparatus, the liver, the lungs, the spleen, the heart, the urinary bladder, and the kidneys. It is suggested that in diagnosing a case of blast injury, an examination of the audotory apparatus and a total and differential white count be of value.The pathological changes caused by the blast wave from a shock tube were similar to those caused by nuclear explosion in nature but milder in degree since the effective time of the overpressure of the shock tube wave was shorter. The chief causes of early death of the animals with blast injury were massive hemorrhage and cranial injury.

The effects of a chemical radioprotector,WR-2721,on peritoneal macrophages were observed in Kunming strain mice.which were randomized into WR-2721 group and normal control group.The mice of the 2 groups were similarly treated except that each of those of the WR-2721 group received an intramuscular injection of 10 mg WR-2721.The phagocyte-digestive function of the macrophages were observed after glycogen activation and chicken red blood cell ingestion.It was found that in the WR-2721 group,as compared with those of the normal control,juvenile macrophages were significantly reduced(P

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic liver injury on the expression of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase(UGT) 1A1 mRNA in mice. Methods Chronic liver injury model was induced by feeding CCl 4 in mice.Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group,experimental group 1(CCl 4 was given for 1 month),and experimental group 2(CCl 4 was given for 2 months).The liver function was tested;and the expression of UGT1A1 mRNA in the 3groups was analysed by RT-PCR. Results There was significant difference in the expression of UGT1A1 mRNA between the 3 groups(P

Seventy dogs were irradiated -with 300. 325, or 350 rad of gamma rays from a 60Co sourse. Half of them were used as controls and the other 35 animals were divided randomly into four groups and were experimentally treated with different regimes.In the first group there were 9 treated, animals and an equal number of control animals 5 all the animals were irradiated with 300 rad. The treatment consisted of a blood transfusion on the 16th day after radiation exposure as well as several antibiotics and other medications. 8 out of the treated animals and one of the controls survived the gamma irradiation.In the second group, ten animals were exposed to 350 rad and 8 to 325 radand they were divided equally into treated and control groups. In spite of early use of blood transfusion and antibiotics, all the treated animals as well as those of the control group died of severe mycotic infections.In the third group, 325 rad was given to the dogs. All 7 dogs of the controls died and two out of the 7 treated dogs survived. The treatment was the same as that of the first group but no blood transfusion was used.In the fourth grou'p?ten animals were irradiated with 350 rad and another ten with 325 rad. They were divided equally into control and treated groups. All the ten controls died. The treated group was given the same treatment as the first group. In addition, tetracycline was given in case there was fever in 'the critical phase of the sickness, and the dosage of tetracycline was doubled whenever fever persisted or recurred. All the treated animals survived.Early blood transfusion was found to be better in its therapeutic effect than late transfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal perforation and neck abscess induced by esophageal foreign body and to make a better solution for the disease. METHOD: Twenty-four cases with esophageal perforation and neck abscess induced by esophageal foreign body treated in our department were surgery under general anesthesia. The foreign bodies were removed via esophagoscope in 14 cases, thorocomy in 3 eral neck incision in 5; and no foreign bodies were found in 2 cases. RESULT: There were 16 cases complicated by abscess. Among these complications,there were 10 cases of periesophageal abscess,4 cases of neck abscess and 1 case of mediastinal abscess. In 24 patients, 21 cases cured and one died. One case was sent to the department of endocrinology because of hyperglycaemia and two cases were sent to the department of thoracic surgery for further treatment. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to the management of esophageal perforation induced by esophageal foreign body. Thin-section CT has a high value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis in such patients. Once deep neck abscess is diagnosed, an early abscess surgical drainage, an appropriate antibiotics and a nutrition supporting treatment are effective for the patients.
Abscess ; etiology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drainage ; Esophageal Perforation ; etiology ; surgery ; Esophagus ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and nasal obstruction. METHOD: Clinical data of 48 OSAHS patients with structural abnormality in nasal cavity treated in our department were retrospectively analysed. These patients received endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery and were observed for the relief of both subjective and objective symptoms. RESULT: PSG was reexamined 12 months postoperatively. Of all the patients, 29 cases (60.4%) showed complete recovery, 10 cases (20.8%) showed remarkable improvement of the symptoms, 4 cases (8.3%) exhibited curative effect and 5 cases (10.4%) were of no effect, respectively. The symptoms of apnea, hypopnea, LSaO2 and somnolence were significantly improved in all patients,and nasal congestion was obviously relieved. The improvement of snore was not evident. CONCLUSION Endoscopic nasal cavity expansion surgery is effective and safe for the treatment of OSAHS mainly due to nasal obstruction. Operation should be performed to correct structural abnormality in nasal cavity and adjust symmetric distribution of nasal airflow on both sides in order to maintain normal ventilation function. The procedure is applicable to OSAHS patients accompanied by nasal congestion and upper airway resistance syndrome and personalized adjustment is beneficial for better clinical efficacy according to the condition of different patients.
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; surgery ; Nasal Obstruction ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; etiology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To review our experience in the diagnosis and management of paralysis of the right hemidiaphragm after liver transplantation. Methods 60 adult patients received liver transplantation from February 2001 to March 2007 in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The pathophysiologic changes, clinical progress, and management of serious respiratory complications caused by post-transplant paralysis of the right hemidiaphragm were studied. Results Among 60 patients, 40 developed postoperative respiratory complications, and 5 were due to paralysis of the right hemidiaphragm. The 5 patients presented with paradoxical respiration and the ventilator supporting times were 14, 16, 34, 45, and 60 days, respectively. Tracheostomy was performed in 4. These patients developed pneumonia in 5, atelectasis in 4, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 4, hepatopulmonary syndrome in 4, and pulmonay interstitial edema in 3. Among the 5 patients, 4 patients survived and 1 patient died of ARDS and multiple organs failure 31 days after the transplantation. Conclusions After liver transplantation, strict monitoring of the respiratory function and timely use of a respirator for patients with the paralysis of the hemidiaphragm is very important. For patients with suspicious hemidiaphragm paralysis, tracheostomy should be decisively performed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of CO2 laser treatment for patients with precancerous laryngeal lesions under phonomicrosurgery and to explore the points for attention in operation. METHOD: They were all treated with phonomicrosurgery techniques as mucosal epitheliumablation or mucosal stripping by using CO2 laser. Eight patients with laryngeal papilloma were excised by CO2 laser. RESULT: All patients were treated with CO2 laser surgery successfully. During follow-up of 6 to 39 months, all patients survived. Local recurrence or canceration were detected in 3 cases, of which 2 cases with laryngeal papilloma underwent CO2 laser treatment in one year post-operatively, while the other case with severe dysplasia underwent laryngeal vertical partial laryngectomy and post-operative radiotherapy one and half year postoperatively due to canceration. No local recurrence occurred until the last follow up. No severe complications such as dyspnea and hemorrhage occured. CONCLUSION CO2 laser surgery is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for precancerous laryngeal lesions. Through selecting the appropriate patient and paying attention to the operation during surgery, the adhesion of vocal cord can be reduced or even be avoided after CO2 laser surgery.
Adult ; Aged ; Carbon Dioxide ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; methods ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Gas ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the treatment of endoscopic sinus surgery on patients dignosed as chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP) complicated and asthma. METHOD: Data of 45 patients with CRSwNP complicated asthma were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: All cases were followed up for a period of 1 to 3 years after operation. In the 45 cases treated with ESS, 32 cases were cured, 9 cases were improved and 4 cases were inefficient by the treatment. The cure rate was 91.1% (41/45). The asthma symptoms were improved in 16 patients compared to 4 before the surgery. CONCLUSION With ESS based on combined therapy,it can significantly improve the condition of CRSwNP, asthma symptoms and pulmonary function. Meanwhile, sufficient perioperative period preparation should be made to ensure the safety of the operation.
Asthma ; complications ; Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis ; complications ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinopathological characteristics, differential diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma. METHOD: Clinopathological data of 18 cases which were diagnosed by pathology and immmunohistochemistry were analyzed retrospectively. All cases were proved by pathology and immmunohistochemistry. All cases were performed operations. 5 underwent single surgery. 4 underwent surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy. 4 underwent surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy chemotherapy. 5 underwent surgery plus adjuvant chemoradiation. RESULT: All cases were followed up for a period of 1 to 7 years after operation. Twelve patients died of tumor until the last follow-up, meanwhile 6 patients stayed alive. In Six cases recurrence occurred. In five casescervical lymph node metastasis occurred, of which 3 cases received neck dissection and 2 cases received chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to no surgical indications. In three cases distant metastasis oc- curred. CONCLUSION Sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma is rare and highly heterogenous. Current diagnosis depends on clinical characteristics and immunohistochemical examination. It still should be differentially diagnosed from other tumors. CT and MRI image examination can provide some helpful information to understand the extent and nature of lesions. The treatment of nasal endoscopic or the surgery under endoscopy has become to be a safe, viable and reasonable alternative to open resection. Appropriate indication must be carefully selected for these lesions.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Melanoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nose Neoplasms ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies