OBJECTIVE:To analyze the trend of costs of various drugs consumed in hospitals of Guangzhou METHODS:The data were derived from the Hospital Purchasing of Drug Information System in Guangzhou from 1997 to 2000 The expense of each drug was calculated at the price of that year RESULTS:The annual increasing rates of drug expenses in 1998,1999 and 2000 were 17 01%,24 49%,23 11% respectively CONCLUSION:It is a matter of great urgency to rationally use drugs,to eliminate the waste of resources and to lighten the patients'burden

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the trend of costs of various drugs consumed in hospitals of Guangzhou METHODS： The data were derived from the Hospital Purchasing of Drug Information System in Guangzhou from 1997 to 2000 The expense of each drug was calculated at the price of that year RESULTS： The annual increasing rates of drug expenses in 1998， 1999 and 2000 were 17 01％ ， 24 49％ ， 23 11％ respectively CONCLUSION： It is a matter of great urgency to rationally use drugs， to eliminate the waste of resources and to lighten the patients'burden

1.CONCLUS-ION:The use of hypoglycemics in Guangzhou is basically in line with the rational level,except for few cases in improper use of combination therapies.

Objective:To evaluate the application value of the histogram features of quantitative parameters from synthetic MRI in predicting the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and to compare the prediction efficiency with that of ADC histogram parameters.Methods:A total of 195 patients with breast lesions were prospectively enrolled in the Fudan University Cancer Hospital, from January 2020 to September 2020. All patients underwent preoperative synthetic MRI, DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). All surgical specimens were confirmed by pathology. The histogram features of the quantitative parameters [T 1, T 2, and proton density (PD)] and ADC values were extracted by PyRadiomics software. Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the histogram characteristics of quantitative parameters (T 1, T 2, and PD) and ADC values between HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast cancers. The diagnostic efficacy of the variables in predicting HER2 expression state was evaluated using the area under curve (AUC) value of ROC. Results:A total of 122 patients with breast IDC were included into analysis, with 31 of HER2-positive and 91 of HER2-negative. There was no significant difference in the clinicopathological characteristics between HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast IDC patients. Univariate analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference in PD-median [79.80 (75.90, 83.90)ms vs. 76.56 (72.59, 79.09) ms, Z=-3.46, P<0.01], PD-mean [78.89 (74.80, 84.01) ms vs. 75.99 (71.70, 78.63) ms, Z=-2.61, P=0.01], PD-Kurtosis [6.45(3.45, 7.54) vs. 5.04 (3.55, 5.58), Z=-2.21, P=0.03], T 1-10 th percentile [731.52 (668.50, 975.39) ms vs. 726.51 (588.38, 852.19) ms, Z=-2.54, P=0.01], T 1-mean [1 161.97 (1 063.56, 1 253.78) ms vs. 1 072.75 (989.39, 1 154.04)ms, Z=-2.21, P=0.03] and ADC-Kurtosis [4.75 (2.72, 5.91) vs. 3.82 (2.69, 4.39), Z=-2.43, P=0.02] between HER2 positive and negative breast IDC patients. Multivariate analysis showed that PD-median ( P=0.004) and T 1-mean ( P=0.004) were independent risk factors for HER2 expression. The ROC curve of HER2 expression predicted by this model showed an AUC was 0.853(95%CI 0.779-0.926), with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 81%. The ROC curve of ADC-Kurtosis for predicting the expression of HER2 showed that the AUC was 0.714 (95%CI 0.611-0.817), with the sensitivity of 45%, and the specificity of 85%. DeLong test showed that the diagnostic efficacy of quantitative parameters from synthetic MRI in predicting the status of HER2 was higher than that of ADC histogram parameters ( Z=2.18, P=0.04). Conclusion:Histogram features of synthetic MRI quantitative parameters contribute to the prediction of HER2 expression status in IDC and may therefore contribute to the determination of individualized anti-HER2 targeted therapy strategies.