Objective To research the application of oral ambroxol in improving positive rate of sputum smear laboratory testing of Tuberculosis.Methods After immediate microscopic phlegm examination on 1 536 tuberculosis outpatients,them were divided into two groups alternatively and randomly.The referential group took oral placebo while the test group took oral ambroxol.Recheck would be conducted onmorning phlegm after three days,then comprated the positive rate of each group.Results The positive rates of immediate microscopic phlegm examination of the referential and test groups were 4.82％ and 4.56％ (x2 =0.058,P＞0.05) respectively.For the referential group,the positive rates before and after taking medicine were 4.82％ and 5.60％ respectively (x2 =0.475,P＞0.05).The differences had no statistic meaning.The positive rates of morning microscopic phlegm examination after taking medicine of the referential and test groups were 5.60％ and 8.59 ％ ()x2 =5.224,P＜0.05) respectively.The positive rates of the test group before and after taking medicine were 4.56 ％ and 8.59％ respectively (x2 =10.18,P＜0.05).It could be deemed that the difference had statistic meaning.Conclusion O-ral ambroxol can help raise the positive rate of microscopic phlegm examination of the patient with suspected tuberculosis.

To observe the germistatic and germicidal effects of origanum volatile oil (OVI) on the dysentery bacteria, the abdominal cavity of mice was infected with Shigella sonne (Sh. sonnei) and Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri) F2a. After OVI was given to the mice via gastric lavage, the effects of OVI on the infected mice were observed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for dysentery bacteria were determined in vitro. The results showed that origanum volatile oil showed obvious protective effect on mice infected with Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri F2a and it had germistatic and germicidal effects on dysentry bacteria. We are led to conclude that origanum volatile oil is an effective medicine against the infection of dysentery bacteria.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Dysentery, Bacillary/*microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oils, Volatile/*pharmacology ; Shigella flexneri/*drug effects ; Shigella flexneri/isolation & purification ; Shigella sonnei/*drug effects ; Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification

Objective To evaluate recurrent laryngeal nerves exposure during thyroid resection. Methods Nineteen case-control clinical trials were collected from relevant studies published in different Chinese databases, and 9269 cases were collected for analysis OR (odds ratios). 95% confidence intervals using the Mantel-Haenszel method for a fixed-effects model, and the Mantel-Haenszel method for a random-effects model were summarized. Both fixed effect model and random effect model were applied to analyze the results and heterogeneity. Results The injury rate of the recurrent laryngeal nerves was significantly lower in exposure group ( OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.16～0.54, P

Objective To discuss the influence of team-based learning (TBL) on autonomous learning ability of undergraduate nursing students. Methods 160 undergraduate nursing students of Grade 2010 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 80 students in each group. Students in the experimental group were taught with TBL while students in the control group were taught with lecture-based learning (LBL). The score of autonomous learning ability was measured by scale of self-directed learning ability for nurses. Results Scores of autonomous learning ability in experimental group (120.33 ±16.09) was higher than that of control group (110.87 ±11.89) (P=0.000) and also higher than that of experimental group (100.35±11.15) before the implementation of TBL (P=0.000). The differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Team-based learning (TBL) can be helpful in improving the autonomous learning ability of undergraduate nursing students.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of two different single orifice laparoscopic surgeries for patent processus vaginalis in children. Methods From August 2013 to June 2015,there were 84 children with patent processus vaginalis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technolgy. They were divided into two groups ( A and B ) randomly according to different laparoscopic surgeries. Group A:used ordinary micro?laparoscope, single orifice, and double channel. Group B:used Li Xun nephroscope,single orifice,single channel. Both two groups′ the high ligation of the sheath was performed with the aid of the auxiliary forceps in the mirror under surveillance. The mean unilateral operation time, mean postoperative hospitalization duration,complications and recurrences of two groups were compared. Results All children underwent successful laparoscopic surgery,without transfering to open surgery,and unilateral operation time was (12. 53±3. 22) min for group A,(10. 16±2. 79) min for group B,the difference was significant(P=0. 037). The mean postoperative hospitalization duration was (2. 29±0. 57) d in group A,(2. 25±0. 55) d in group B, the difference was not significant ( P= 0. 671 ) . There was no complication and recurrence in two groups. Conclusion laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure use Li Xun nephroscope,single orifice, single channel for children is safe and effective,and it is more convenient and less invasive than the conventional micro?laparoscope.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of end-to-side and side-to-side portal vein-hepatic artery shunts (P-H shunt) in pigs with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Methods There were 15 pigs in each group (control and experimental),and the P-H shunt was made in each animal to observe the process of blood flow into the liver and the reduction of portal vein blood pressure.Results The portal vein pressures before the P-H shunt of pigs in the control and experimental group were (20.51±0.74) cm H2O (1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa) and (30.82±2.53) cm H2O respectively (P＜0.05).Portal vein pressures 30 days after the P-H shunt were(19.75±0.84) cm H2O and (20.84± 1.36) cm H2 O respectively (P＞0.05).The portal vein pressure differences of pigs in the control and experimental group before P-H shunt were (7.20±0.34) cm H2O and (17.34±0.62) cm H2O respectively (P＜0.05).Pressures differences 30 days after the P-H shunt were (6.40±0.21) cm H2O and (7.84 ± 1.32) cm H2O respectively (P＜0.05).Splenic vein injection of methylene blue after the P-H shunt operation stained the liver well.No necrosis and hepatic encephalopathy occurred for 30 days after the P-H shunt,and the splenomegaly gradually returned to normal.Liver function was most affected after the operation and other biochemical markers were least affected.Conclusions The P-H shunt changed the channel of blood flow into the liver,the portal hemodynamic was not affected,and a new balanced mechanism was established to maintain the portal hemodynamic stability.However,further treatment was needed for liver function recovery.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) in treatment of patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods Sixty two patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis admitted in Ningbo Second Hospital during January 2010 and December 2013 were enrolled in the study.Patients were randomly assigned in two groups: 50 patients in control group received comprehensive medical treatment only, and 12 patients in combination group received APBSCT on the basis of medical treatment.The levels of serum total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and prothrombin time (PT) in two groups were mearsured at the 4th,12th,24th week.Overall survival (OS),progression-free survival (PFS) and complications were compared between two groups after 3 years follow-up.SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results After APBSCT treatment, the level of Alb and PT at week 4,12 and 24 in combination group improved significantly(tAlb=-4.437,-5.210 and-6.915,tPT=12.083,11.251 and 10.640,all P<0.01),there were also significant differences between combination group and control group (tAlb=4.985, 5.565 and 6.260,tPT =-3.013、-3.727 and-3.983,all P<0.01).The 3-year OS and 3-year PFS of patients in combination group were higher than those of control group [(90.9±8.7)%vs.(60.7±7.4)%, (75.8±12.5)% vs.(47.9±7.3)%](χ2=6.887 and 5.565,P<0.05).Besides,APBSCT had more advantages than control group in reducing ascitic fluid and hepatic encephalopathy(χ2=7.992 and 4.681,P<0.05 or <0.01).Conclusion APBSCT combined with medical treatment can improve liver function and 3-year survival rate with mild adverse reaction in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C) and matrix metalloproteinase-7(MMP-7) in gastric carcinoma and their correlation with tumor invasion and(metastasis).Methods Streptavidin peroxidase immunohistochemistry technique(SP)was used to detect the(expression) of VEGF-C and MMP-7 in 60 gastric carcinoma specimens,60 specimens of gastric mucosa(adjacent) to carcinoma,and 30 regional lymph node specimens.Results The positive expression rate of VEGF-C,MMP-7 in gastric carcinoma was markedly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa and gastric mucosa adjacent to carcinoma.The positive expression rates of VEGF-C and MMP-7 in metastatic regional lymph nodes were significantly higher than that in non-metastatic regional lymph nodes(P

To observe the germistatic and germicidal effects of origanum volatile oil (OVI) on the dysentery bacteria, the abdominal cavity of mice was infected with Shigella sonne (Sh. sonnei) and Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri) F2a. After OVI was given to the mice via gastric lavage, the effects of OVI on the infected mice were observed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for dysentery bacteria were determined in vitro. The results showed that origanum volatile oil showed obvious protective effect on mice infected with Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri F2a and it had germistatic and germicidal effects on dysentry bacteria. We are led to conclude that origanum volatile oil is an effective medicine against the infection of dysentery bacteria.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; microbiology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; Shigella flexneri ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Shigella sonnei ; drug effects ; isolation & purification

MOOCs (massive open online courses) is a new curriculum model and teaching form emerging in recent years in the field of education. The characteristics and advantages of MOOCs can make up for the deficiencies in the traditional teaching of pediatric otolaryngology & head and neck surgery, and improve the quality of the course of Otolaryngology-Head and neck surgery in children. In the implementa-tion, the course teaching is divided into four modules, "theoretical teaching module" "case discussion and interaction module" "after-school question answering and feedback module" and "clinical practice module"respectively. These modules are closely linked and connected, which can help enhance interacting with students, feedback teaching effect timely, and then improve the teaching quality and students' self-learning ability, thus make it possible to better cultivate pediatric clinical specialists.