Objective To improve the traditional nursing method in the postoperative children with cheiloplasty. Method Using the arm clipboards in 150 postoperative children with cheiloplasty, and then expanded using in 120 children who have accepted other surgery operation. Observed the nursing effects among these children. Results The nursing effects when using this kind of arm clipboards was significant, the re-injection rate was reduced. Conclusion Using arm clipboards among postoperative children can effective improve the nursing quality, and then increase the satisfaction of patients.

Objective To study the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressed in invasive pituitary adenomas (IPA). Methods The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were observed with immunohistochemstry (SP approach) in tissue from 40 cases of non-invasive pituitary adenomas (NIPA) and 40 cases of IPA. Results The expression of both TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly increased in the IPA tissues compared with those of NIPA (P<0.05). Conclusion TNF-α and IL-6 may play a role in the occurrence and development of IPA.

Objective To study the clinical value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in patients with ischemic type biliary lesion (ITBL) after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods Between July 2012 to January 2013, forty-one patients in General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army were enrolled in this study who were admitted for post-transplantation follow-up. Among them, 15 patients were diagnosed as ITBL by ultrasonography. Besides conventional ultrasonography, ARFI was used to detect the shear wave velocity (SWV) of liver tissue at depth of 4 cm and 5 cm respectively. Simultaneously liver function test was performed. Independent-samples t test was performed to compare the difference of SWV between ITBL and non-ITBL group at the same depth. Paired-sample t test was performed to compare the difference of SWV for the same ITBL patient. Pearson correlation analysis was used in analyzing the relation between SWV and liver function. Results The average SWV in depth of 4 cm was (1.561±0.425) m/s and (1.121±0.160) m/s in ITBL and non-ITBL group, respectively. Signiifcant differences were found among the ITBL and non-ITBL groups (t=-3.173, P=0.01). The average SWV in depth of 5 cm was (1.608±0.545) m/s and (1.175±0.173) m/s in ITBL and non-ITBL group, respectively. Signiifcant differences were found among the ITBL and non-ITBL groups (t=-2.454, P=0.034). There was no signiifcant difference between SWV measurements at different depth for the same ITBL patient. For all patients, SWV at different depths were both strongly correlated with alkaline phosphatase (r=0.656, 0.667, respectively;both P=0.000) andγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (r=0.482, P=0.007;r=0.508, P=0.004). Conclusion The liver stiffness measurement is valuable for the clinical evaluation of post-transplantation ITBL.

Objective:To investigate the effect of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in modulat-ing the effects of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) invasion. Methods:Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to de-tect the expression of MALAT1 in samples of OSCC post-radical resection, normal oral mucosa samples, and oral squamous cell lines. MALAT1-siRNA was transfected into TSCCa human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Cell proliferation was determined by methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium reduction assay. Cell migration and invasive ability were evaluated by scratch test and transwell assay. The expression of proteins that regulated invasion and apoptosis were examined using Western blot assay. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins in the cells. Tumor-bearing nude mouse models were established by subcutaneous implantation of TSCCa cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect up-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9). Results:MALAT1 expression was significantly higher in OSCC than in normal tissues (P<0.05). MALAT1 expression was inhibited by transfecting MALAT1-siRNA. After MALAT1 expres-sion was down-regulated in TSCCa cells, proliferation was inhibited and invasion was attenuated, showing significant differences com-pared with the cells transfected with scrambled siRNA and control cells (P<0.05). Expression of N-cadherin and MMP-2/9 were down-regulated in the cells after MALAT1 was knocked down. Tumor growth was significantly slower in the MALAT1-siRNA group than in the control groups. IHC indicated that PCNA and MMP-2/9 expression of tumor tissues were significantly inhibited in MALAT1-siR-NA group. Conclusion:MALAT1 is over-expressed in human OSCC. MALAT1 reduction can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells. Furthermore, MALAT1 may promote OSCC invasion and metastasis by modulating EMT.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of small-dose dexmedetomidine infusion on recovery of patients undergoing vertebral operation.

METHODSSixty ASA I-II patients undergoing vertebral operation were randomly divided into two groups (n=30). In group I, dexmedetomidine infusion was pumped at the rate of 0.5 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1) from tracheal intubation to incision suture, and in group II, 0.9%saline was pumped instead. The mean arterial pressure, heart rate, Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale and Ramesay sedation score were recorded at the time points of autonomous respiration (T1), eye opening (T2), extubation (T3), 1 min after extubation (T4), 10 min after extubation (T5), and 30 min after extubation (T6).

RESULTSThe recovery time of autonomous respiration and eye opening time in group I were significantly longer than those in group II, and the extubation time was significantly shorter in group I (P<0.05). Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale scores in group II were significantly higher than those in group I at T2 and T4, and Ramesay sedation scores in group I were significantly higher than those in group II at T1, T2 and T5 (P<0.05). The mean arterial pressure and heart rate at each time point was significantly lower in group I than in group II (P<0.05), especially at T3 and T4 (P<0.01). In both groups, the mean arterial pressure and heart rate at T3 and T4 were significantly higher than those at rest (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSmall-dose dexmedetomidine infusion can reduce dysphoria and lower the risks during recovery from general anesthesia following vertebral operation.

Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Dexmedetomidine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Spine ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo assess referral cases for root canal therapy to provide clinical evidence with establishment of referral system.

METHODSA questionnaire was designed to collect 312 cases (355 teeth) referred to Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University for root canal therapy from April to June in 2011. The questionnaire consisted of questions such as age, gender, occupation, general disease and medical histories of patients, sources. Difficulty of treatment before therapy and reasons for referral were evaluated.

RESULTSIn 355 referral teeth, the most were mandibular first molars (17%), the greatest percentage of reasons were calcified root canals (30%), the second was root canal retreatment (24%). 72% of teeth belong to the complicated difficulty (Class III), while 7% were listed as the uncomplicated difficulty (Class I). No significantly difference from different sources was found (P = 0.9).

CONCLUSIONEstablishment of referral system needs cooperation with every dentist. Difficulty of cases for root canal therapy before treatment should be first evaluated to treat or to refer. Referral cases for root canal therapy should be treated by endodontist of corresponding level according to the difficulty.

China ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Endodontics ; Humans ; Molar ; Referral and Consultation ; Retreatment ; Root Canal Therapy

OBJECTIVETo identify the mortality and epidemiological pattern of dementia and its various major subtypes among urban and rural senior residents in Beijing.

METHODSBased on Beijing's dementia prevalence survey among residents aged 55 years and above in 1997, respondents were selected by stratified multiple-stage cluster sampling and 12 urban communities and 17 rural village communities were randomly sampled then follow-up in 2001. COX regression was used to analyze relative risks controlling confounding factors on deaths of dementia cases.

RESULTSThe mortality of dement patients in the 55-64 age-group was 0.82/100 person-year. The age-standardized mortality of dement cases was 0.90/100 person-year. The mortality in the 65 and above age-group was 1.44/100 person-year, and the age-standardized mortality was 1.56/100 person-year. Among AD cases, the above two mortalities were 0.35/100 and 0.42/100 person-year respectively, and among VaD cases, 0.34/100 and 0.36/100 person-year respectively. For both AD and VaD cases, their mortality increased with age. Region, gender and age were more significant to survival of AD cases.

CONCLUSIONOne major subtype of dementia, AD, among elderly urban and rural residents in Beijing, has a different mortality and epidemiological pattern from VaD.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; mortality ; Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Dementia ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; mortality ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To study the impact of splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization on the nutritional status of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Methods Sixty consecutive patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension who underwent splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization at the Beijing YouAn Hospital from April 5,2015 to January 23,2017 were included in this study.The body mass index (BMI),albumin (Alb),prealbumin (PA) and lymphocyte counts were prospectively collected at the end of 1-week,1-month,3-month,6-month and 1-year after surgery.The postoperative results were compared with the preoperative results in these patients.Results The BMI results obtained at 1-week and 1-month after surgery were significantly lower than the preoperative level [(22.14 ± 3.08)kg/m2 vs.(22.85 ± 3.14) kg/m2,(21.72 ± 3.05) kg/m2 vs.(22.86 ± 3.16) kg/m2,P ＜ 0.05].The BMI result at the end of 1-year after surgery was significantly elevated when compared with the preoperative level [(23.24 ± 3.64) kg/m2 vs.(22.68 ± 3.47) kg/m2,P ＜ 0.05].The ALB levels at 1-month and 3-month after surgery were significantly higher than the preoperative level [(39.87 ± 4.22)g/L vs.(35.35 ±5.15) g/L,(39.35 ± 4.75) g/L vs.(34.82 ± 5.50) g/L,P ＜ 0.05].The PA obtained at 1-week after surgery was significantly lower than the preoperative levels [(79.59 26.52)mg/L vs.(121.77 ±39.96)mg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The lymphocyte counts at all the points after surgery were significantly higher than the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Short term and long term nutritional status improved in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension after splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization.

Objective:To study the impact and the mechanism of splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization on cirrhotic livers.Methods:Serum samples and clinical data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively from 54 patients with cirrhosis who underwent splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization from May 2013 to Oct 2014 at Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University. Changes in hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flow, liver function and fibroscan results were analyzed. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) were measured.Results:There were 31 males and 23 females, aged(45.48±10.21)years. Free portal vein pressure decreased significantly from (37.0±7.1) cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) to (26.1±5.7) cmH 2O after surgery ( P<0.05). Significant increases in postoperative lumen diameter (4.0±1.0) mm vs (3.1±0.7) mm were observed, accompanied by increase in peak flow velocity and blood flow of the hepatic artery. Significant deductions in lumen diameter (11.9±2.0) mm vs (13.1±1.9) mm, accompanied by reduction of peak flow velocity and blood flow of the portal vein were observed following surgery (all P<0.05). The NO level was significantly elevated immediately after splenectomy and was subsequently remained at high levels. The ET-1 level decreased 2 days after surgery and became fluctuated at low levels. The IL-6 and HGF levels increased significantly 2 days after surgery and decreased gradually after 7 days and 1 month, respectively. The TGF-β1 and the MMP1 levels increased after surgery. The endotoxin level decreased significantly after surgery (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization induced hepatic blood flow restoration, hepatocyte regeneration and reversal of fibrosis in cirrhotic livers. Splenectomy has a protective effect on cirrhotic liver when combined with pericardial devascularization.

Objective To understand the factors related with child restraint system (CRS) use,and provide evidence for the development of appropriate intervention measures to promote the use of CRS for the protection of child passengers' safety.Methods Self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted among 0-6 years old children' s parents who owned private cars selected through stratified cluster random sampling in Shanghai and Shenzhen to collect date about CRS use and related factors.Group discussion was conducted among some of the parents randomly selected to further understand the reasons for using or not using CRS.Results Of 7 528 parents surveyed,39.23 ％ (2 820/7 189) reported to have CRS and 17.14％(1 232/7 189) reported consistent use of CRS.Multivariate analysis indicated that young age of children,high level of education of parents,good family economic status,awareness of importance of children's safety were the positive factors for CRS use.The frequency and distance of children' car taking and the seatbelt use of drivers significantly influenced the CRS use.The main reasons for not purchasing CRS included limited car space (53.33％,2 329/4 367),low frequency of children car taking (48.55％,2 120/4 367),difficulty in installation (42.25％,1 845/4 367),high cost (38.58％,1 685/4 367),and unreliable quality (31.03％,1 355/4 367).The main reasons for not using CRS included children' s refusal (67.36％,293/435),short travel distance (53.79％,234/435),difficulty in installation or use (53.10％,231/435),limited car space (32.41％,141/435),and unnecessary (25.75％,112/435).Conclusions Parents have gaps and misunderstandings in using CRSs to protect child passengers safety.There are demands of technical guiding service in use of CRS.Integrated intervention measures should be implemented targeting at the identified barriers and needs in CRS use to promote child passenger safety,which include strengthening the propaganda and education,promoting the legislation and law enforcement,strengthening market supervision,establishing CRS related services site,exploring the rental market,etc.