Radiation-induced stomatitis is a frequent side effect for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, which affects both the treatment and the life quality. The direct effects of radiation, oxidative stress, transcription factor, proinflammatory cytokine and pathogenic microorganism are involved in the onset of radiation-induced stomatitis. The pathologic process can be divided into five phases including initiation, up-regulation, amplification, ulceration and healing. Understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors provides basis for prevention and control of radiation-induced stomatitis.

BACKGROUND: Modern neuroradiological imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and ultrasound help clinicians idenitify the location and volume of an infarct at present. At present, a widely available and easy laboratory examination for acute cerebral infarction is absent.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the content S100-β in serum and infarct volume, and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.DESIGN: Case-control study.SETTING:Department of Neurology of Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University.PARTICIPANTS: From September 2004 to August 2005, 58 patients with acute ischemic brain infarction less than 24 hours after symptom onset were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of Shandong Provincial Hospital for evaluation and management and enrolled in case group. With the age of 36-86 years and a mean of (68±14) years. 21 were female and 37 were male. Included criteria: The diagnostic criteria was consistent with that of the Second China Cerebrovascular Disease Conference. Every patient who participated in the study underwent the examination of MRI or CT of the brain on admission, the patients were confirmed to be ones with cerebral infarction. Exclusion criteria: A history of a previous stroke and/or existing disability. 50 healthy participants in the control group were from Health Examination Center, including 32 male and 18 female aged 43-89 years and a mean of (68±9) years. Age means and gender were not significantly different between the case group and the control group (P＞0.05).METHODS:① Venous blood samples (2 mL) were drawn in case group at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 10 days after symptom onset, and the same agent of samples were drawn in control group only at baseline. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was used for S100-β measurement. ② Infarct volume of patient was measured by Simes Somatom sensation cardiac wizard workstation volume for CT on day 7 after symptom onset. Neurological outcome was assessed at 3 months after the onset of symptom with modified Rankin scale (MRS) score.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Level of S100-β in serum of the subject in the two groups. ② Final infarct volume of patients in case group on day 7 after symptom onset and functional outcome 3 months after symptom onset.RESULTS: 58 patients and 50 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. 6 patients in case group developed complete loss of brain stem reflexes and died within 2 months. The others entered the result analysis.①The level of S100-β protein: The level of S100-β protein increased gradually in the case group, peaked at day 3 [(0.61±0.13) μg/L], and decreased at day 10. The levels of S100-β in 6 days after symptom onset were significantly higher than that in control group. The level of S100-β at day 10 in the case group was similar with the control group. ② The level of serum S100-β content in patients of case group: The serum S100-β content were obviously correlated with the infarct volume at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6days after the symptom onset. S100-β value at day 3 provided the highest correlation coefficients (r=0.937, P ＜ 0.001) ③ The status of the cerebral infarction of patients after 3 months: S100-βmeasures and the MRS scores that were obtained 3 months after cerebral infarction revealed highly significant coefficients ranging by bivariate correlations (r=0.507, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The content S100-β in serum and infarct volume of the patients with acute cerebral infarction revealed positive correlation. The content S100-β in serum can help to calculate neurological outcome of patients after acute cerebral infarction.

AIM: To detect surface electromyogram (EMG) signal accurately.METHODS: How to reduce noise in the detection of surface EMG signal was discussed. It has been explored to design an electrode unit by using methods of differential amplification, active electrode, filter and so on , andto investigate the electrode shape and the right placing method.RESULTS: The instrumentation amplifier AD620 was adopted to design a bipolar active electrode, which has been successfully used in the surface EMG detection.CONCLUSION: Experiments show that using active electrode can improve ratio of signal and noise, reduce noise and detect surface EMG signal effectively.

BACKGROUND: Multiple applications of opium medicines can induce the accommodative changes of morphology and function in some intracerebral nerve positions. These accommodative changes are important neurobiological bases inducing drug-desire and re-addiction after detoxification. However, the actual molecular mechanism is unclear at present.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impacts of the generation of heroin-dependence and detoxification on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat to provide a laboratorial gist for the participation of BDNS in heroin-dependence and detoxification.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study by employing experimental animals as subjectsSETTING: Mental health center of a medical university affiliated hospital MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Pharmacology,Faculty of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University between March 2004and July 2004. Totally 30 inbreeding clean male SD rats with a bodymass between 200 g and 250 g were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Rats were randomly divided into blank control group(control group), heroin-dependent group (heroin group), and naloxone detoxification group(naloxone group) with 10rats each.METHODS: Morphine was subcutaneously injected into the rat with dose-increasing method to establish heroin-dependence rat model. Rats of naloxone group received subcutaneously injection of 2 mg/kg of naloxone to excite abstinent symptoms. The same dose of normal saline (NS) was injected in rats of control group. Model rats of each group were observed biologically and behaviorally. BDNF expression at different brain zone of rats in three different groups was tested with immunohistochemistry and digoxin-labeled oligonucleoide probe in situ hybridization technique.Comparison of the evaluation of abstinent symptoms in rats of each group.RESULTS: In the heroin group, the relative content of BDNF protein was higher in frontal lobe cortex, locus caeruleus and hippocampus than that of the control group( P ＜ 0.05); BDNFmRNA relative content was higher in frontal lobe cortex than that of the control group( P ＜ 0. 05) . In naloxone group, BDNF and its mRNA relative contents in frontal lobe cortex, locus caeruleus and hippocampus were higher than that of heroin group and control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Chronic administration of heroin could affect BDNF protein and its mRNA expressions in the corresponding brain areas of the rats, which suggests that the change of BDNF expression participates in heroin-dependence and detoxification.

A method for the quantitative monitoring of sulfadiazine (SD) residues in pork was established by molecular imprinted column coupling with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The molecular imprinted column was selected as an extraction device.To obtain the optimum extraction efficiency,several parameters related to the molecular imprinted column,including column solvent,flow-rate,eluent of the sample matrix and eluent volume,were investigated.The sample solution was directly injected into the device for the extraction after simple extraction.Under the optimum conditions,the relative standard deviations (RSD) was ≤6.1％ and the recoveries for SD were higher than 75.6％.In comparison with the AL-SPE column,the MIP-SPE column had good reusability and extraction efficiency.This method was successfully applied to the determination snlfadiazine residues in pork.

Objective To study the frequency of the derivative chromosome 9 [der(9)] deletion among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and explore the application value of local-specific inspector (LSI) 9q34 probe in detect the der (9) deletion. Methods Cytogenetic analysis was performed by 24 h unstimulated culture, GTG banding and karyotype. Dual colour/dual fusion or extra signal(ES) DNA probe was used to perform interphase-FISH for the detection of bcr-abl fusion gene in 52 patients with CML. LSI 9q34 DNA probe was used to detect der(9) deletion. Results FISH results showed bcr-abl fusion gene existed in all 52 patients with CML. der(9) deletion was detected in 12 patients with ES/DCDF probe, but only in 11 patients with LSI 9q34 probe. Conclusion It's more efficient in detection of der(9) deletion with LSI 9q34 probe. Deletion of der(9) might be a poor prognostic factor for CML patients, and LSI 9q34 probe should be used in all the CML patients with positive bcr-abl fusion gene.

Objective To discriminate morphology and immunophenotype differences between hematogones and lymphoblast to provide some references for the correct identification of hematogones and minimal residual leukemia cells.Methods Immunophenotypes were detected by flow cytometry in a total of 132 bone marrow from 58 patients with acute B lymphoblastic leukemia during diagnosis,remission and relapse.Hematogones were identified based on combination of CD34/CD10/CD19/CD45 or CD34/CD10/CD45/CD19/CD20/CD38.Results Among 132 specimens,45 (34 ％) were identified hematogones,the detection range was 0-36 ％.Three specimens appeared in diagnosis patients,one in relapse,and the remaining 41 cases in remission.The detection rate of hematogones was 62 ％ (41/66) in the remission cases.More than 5 ％ leukemia cells of nucleated cells were detected in diagnosis and relapse,and less than 5 ％ residual leukemia cells was in 24 specimens from remission patients.In 28 specimens,the co-existence of hematogones and leukemia cells was found,including three in diagnosis,one in relapse and the remaining 24 in remission.Hematogones were characterized in term of variable expression of CD45 and very low side scatter.The early hematogones expressed CD34.With maturation increasing,hematogones gradually lacked CD34.CD19 and CD10 were presented in whole hematogones stage.Early hematogones had expression of CD10.Lymphoblasts showed maturation arrest and more homogeneous populations.SSC values of hematogones were higher than that of normal B cell progenitors.Antigen overexpression or underexpression was not found in normal hematopoietic progenitor B cells,and hematopoietic progenitor B cells did not appear cross-lineage markers,CD20+ cells exhibited continuous distribution from negative to weak positive for normal hematogones.Conclusions Hematogones were present in diagnosis,remission and relapse cases with acute B lymphoblastic leukemia,especially abundant in bone marrow after chemotherapy.It should be careful to diagnose and discriminate the malignant cells from benign cells.By comprehending continuous and complete maturation spectrum of antigen expression for normal hematogones,knowing phenotype of leukemia cells drift change patterns and using multiparameter flow cytometry and optimal antibody combination,it is significant in identifying residual lymphoblasts from hematogones and improving the detection accuracy in minimal residual disease.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and to analyze the correlation of T2DM with its risk factors and serum insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels Methods A total of 78 hospitalized patients with T2DM at our hospital from November 2011 to March 2012 were divided into the cognitive impairment group (n=39) and the non-cognitive impairment group (n=39) according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores,and general clinical data were collected.Levels of blood lipids,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting blood insulin (FBI) and other biochemical indicators were detected,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) scores were calculated,and serum IGF-1 levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The education levle was (8.94±4.13) years for the cognitive impairment group and (12.65[2.50) years for the non-cognitive impairment group,and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.004).HbAlc levels were (9.69 ± 1.25) and (7.96 ± 1.31) for the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group,respectively,and were statistically difference between the two groups (P =0.001).Serum IGF-1 levels were (122.60±11.56) mmol/L and (139.32±9.57) mmol/L in the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group,respectively,and had a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P =0.037).Additionally,compared with the non-cognitive impairment group,scores on visuospatial ability,naming,language,abstraction,delayed recall and orientation were lower in the cognitive impairment group (P＜[0.05 or 0.01).Moreover,MoCA scores were negatively correlated with TC,LDL-C,TG,HbAlc,FBI levels and HOMA IR (r=0.498,-0.411,0.414,-0.452,-0.449,-0.539,respectively,P＜0.05 for all),and positively correlated with education lcvcl and IGF 1 level (r=0.579 and 0.491,respectively,P＜0.05 for both) Conclusions Cognitive impairment caused by T2DM is prominent in visuospatial ability,language,memory and executive functions,and is closely related to poor education,poor glycemic control,dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.Furthermore,decreased serum IGF-1 levels might be a risk factor for diabetic cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate the detectable significance of multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) for the first visiting and minimal residual disease (MRD) in the patients with multiple myeloma .Methods MFC was used to identify the plasma cells by the expression of CD138 or CD38 antigen in 74 patients with multiple myeloma .By combining surface antigens like CD45 ,CD56 , CD19 ,CD20 ,CD117 and the cytoplasm Kappa and Lambda light chain ,the aberrant myeloma cells were differentiated from normal plasma cells .Results In the 44 first visiting cases ,the positive expression of CD138 can be detected in all cases ,while the expres‐sion of CD19 was negative and 42 cases (95% ) were negative or weak positive expression for CD45 .The detection rates of CD38 , CD56 ,CD20 and CD117 were 98% ,93% ,45% and 41% ,respectively .The cytoplasm Kappa and Lambda light chains were showed the limited expression .Of the patients with MM ,14 cases were used for evaluating the change of immunophenotype at first visiting and during the treatment process ,among them ,11 cases(79% ) appeared the changes in at least one of aberrant phenotypes .4 cases (29% ) had the significant enhancement of antigen marker fluorescence intensities after chemotherapy and 7 cases (50% ) had sig‐nificant decrease of antigen marker fluorescence intensities after chemotherapy .CD45 ,CD19 and cytoplasm immunoglobulin light chains were the most stable marker ,no obvious antigen marker changes were found during the treatment ,while there was a signifi‐cant antigen density change in 2 cases of CD38 (14% ) ,7 cases of CD56 (50% ) ,4 cases of CD20 (29% ) and 2 cases of CD117 (14% ) .Of the 30 cases for evaluating MRD immunophenotype ,the abnormal myeloma cells were detected in 25 cases .In 5 cases ,no expression of limited Kappa and Lambda light chains was found and the ratio of Kappa and Lambda was 0 .5 - 2 ,which were identi‐fied as negative for MRD .Conclusion The multiparameter flow cytometry has important significance in evaluating the diagnosis , therapeutical effect and prognosis .The detection by adopting cytoplasm immunoglobulin light chains can improve the accuracy in MRD detection .

This article was aimed to study macroporous resin adsorption kinetics for effective extraction of water ex-tracting with alcohol precipitating in cicada slough. PT, APTT and the coagulation-fibrinolysis dynamic figure were taken as main indexes, which were combined with static and dynamic tests, to select the best macroporous resin to separate and purify the extraction. Adsorption kinetics curve was drawn to fit the adsorption kinetics model. The re-sults showed that NKA-9 macroporous resin was more effective in separating and purifying effective extraction than others. The adsorption dynamic behavior was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. It was concluded that the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by the intraparticle diffusion.