A total of 62 cases with autogenous arteriovenous fistulas were examined bv color Doppler ultrasonography.Venous thrombotic manifestations (n =13) and large local hematoma (n =3) were detected.The diameter ranges were around (1.8 ± 0.7) cm for arteriovenous fistula and (2.0 ± 0.8) cm for local hematoma.And there was no statistical significance (t =1.63,P ＞ 0.05).According to edge shape,presence or absence of flow signal and fistula searching,it could be used to identify venous thrombosis and local hematoma of arteriovenous fistula.Color Doppler ultrasound is helpful for the differential diagnosis and the mass properties of arteriovenous fistula so that it provides useful diagnostic information for the clinicians.

To explore the value of local anesthesia under ultrasonic guidance for establishing puncture path of superficial tumor.A total of 144 patients with superficial tumor received local pre-puncture anesthesia under ultrasonic guidance so that all lesions were targeted.Transient aggregation of narcotics was applied for raised (n =12) or superficial (n =15) skin lesions.The clarity of scanning acoustic window was enhanced,the puncture distance of tumor broadened and the mass of axial changed to obtain a longer lymph node cortex.The damage of blood vessels occurred easily due to tumor closeness to large blood vessel or shortened puncture path in 17 cases.Anesthetic drug was injected between tumor and blood vessels to enlarge the thickness for visualizing the puncture needle tract clearly.And puncture was accomplished under the guidance of color Doppler.Therefore a puncture path can be created effectively with local anesthesia by ultrasonic guidance.

A total of 183 patients of ectopic pregnancy due to tubal factors were divided into the methotrexate (MTX),conservative surgery and salpingectomy groups.The dose of gonadotropin,counts of harvested oocytes and high-quality embryos and pregnancy rate were compared among three groups to analyze the differences of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).And the above parameters showed no significant differences (P ＞0.05 ).The clinical pregnancy rate of the conservative group was higher than the other two groups.And the difference was statistically significant compared with salpingectomy ( P ＜ 0.05 ).It suggested that the treatments of ectopic pregnancy had some effects on the outcome of IVF-ET.The pregnancy rate was slightly higher in the conservative surgery group.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the application of untrasound-guided local anesthesia in alleviation of pain after percutaneous liver biopsy.The clinical results of 1417 cases of percutuneous liver biopsy were retrospectively analyzed.In 896 patients under ultrasound-guided local anesthesia 51 felt pain after liver biopsy,while in 521 patients whose local anesthesia without ultrasound guidance,143 felt pain (5.7% vs.27.4%,X~2=118.63,P＜0.01).The results indicate ultrasound-guided local anesthesia can effectively alleviate pain after percutaneous liver biopsy.

AIM: To investigate the effects of alanyl - glutamine ( Ala -Gln) on expression of iNOS and TNF- α in injured intestinal mucosa induced by oral tacrolimus (FK506). METHODS: Twenty -four BALB/c mice were randomized to receive orally 0.2 mL of normal saline solution ( group Ⅰ ), 0.2 mL of FK506 in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg ( group Ⅱ ) or 1.0 mg/kg (group Ⅲ), and orally high -dose FK506 (0.2 mL, 1.0 mg/kg) plus intraperitoneal injection of Ala -Gln (0.5 g/kg )(group Ⅳ ),respectively. Damages of intestinal mucosa were determined by pathological examination.Intestinal mucosal permeability was analysed by FITC - dextran fluorescence assay. Expression of iNOS and TNF - α in intestine was detected by RT - PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Severe damage on the villi and increased intestinal permeability were observed in high - dose FK506 treated mice according to scanning electron microscopy and FITC - dextran flux respectively. The erosion and increased intestinal permeability were significantly alleviated by Ala - Gln treatment. Transcription of iNOS mRNA and TNF - α mRNA, which was up - regulated in high - dose FK506 treated group,was also markedly down- regulated in mice combined with Ala- Gln- treatment. A significantly increased expression of iNOS and TNF - α protein was found in the high - dose FK506 treated mice, while small amounts of these proteins were identified in the Ala - Gln - treated group. CONCLUSION: FK506 could induce a significant impairment of intestinal mucosa morphologically, which might be associated with up - regulated expression of iNOS and TNF - α in small intestinal mucosa. Subsequently, the intestinal permeability is increased. Ala - Gln has a strong protective effect on FK506 - induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, probably relates to the down - regulation of iNOS and TNF - α expression.

A total of 104 patients with polycystic ovarian changes on ultrasound were divided into polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and polycystic ovaries (PCO) groups according to their clinical symptoms and endocrine examinations.And 40 women with normal ovulation served as the controls.Ovarian volume (OV),ovarian stroma area (SA),ovarian total area (TA) and SA/TA ratio were measured by transvaginal uhrasonography.Their endocrine hormone levels were determined.Patients with PCOS showed significantly higher OV,SA,TA and SA/TA than those of PCO and control groups.SA/TA was positively correlated with testosterone.The median serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibit B in the PCO group were intermediate between those in control and PCOS groups.AMH and inhibin B of PCOS were higher than the PCO and control groups.It indicated that the levels of AMH and inhibit B were associated with the degree of polycystic ovaries and they could be used to differentiate PCOS and PCO.SA/TA is associated with the elevated serum testosterone of PCO.And SA/TA is an important ultrasonic parameter for diagnosing PCOS.

Objective To distinguish residual tumor from inflammation after radiofrequency ablation (RA) for hepatic VX2 carcinoma in rabbits according to the comparative study between CT and pathological findings.Methods CT and pathologic examination were performed in different stages of RFA for rabbits hepatic VX2 models,and their different performances were observed.Results Marginal enhancement band was showed with enhanced CT of both residual tumor and inflammation.Moreover,liver tissues peripheral to enhancement band were in gradual weaken pattern.The enhancement band of inflammation was most obvious on the 2~(nd) day after RFA,but weakened gradually and disappeared two weeks later.Conclusion The residual tumor and inflammation could not be distinguished through enhanced CT scanning within 1 week after RFA.Low intensity lesions with peripheral enhancement 2 weeks after RFA should be recognized as residual tumor.

Objective To investigate effects of isoflurane anesthesia of different time interval on acute injury of brain function in neonatal rats with consistent total time of isoflurane anesthesia. Methods Seven-day neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (breathe the air), continuous anesthesia group (a single 6-hour exposure to 1.5% isoflurane), and intermittent anesthesia 1 day and 3 days groups (three times of 2-hour exposure to anesthesia with an interval of 1 day or 3 days), 12 rats in each group. The ratio of male to female was 5:7. They underwent the test of learning and memory in the radial arm maze (RAM) 21 days after birth, twice a day for 4 days. The number of entry into wrong arms, number of repeated errors, number of total arm entries, and time for completing the task were recorded for evaluation of effect of neonatal isoflurane on cognitive behavior in rats. Results ① Compared with normal control group, the percentage of number of errors > 3 in anesthesia of 3-day interval group was significantly decreased (33.3% vs. 46.9%, P < 0.05), the percentages of repeated errors > 0 and total arm entries > 8 were significantly increased (33.3% vs. 18.8%, 27.1% vs. 13.5%, both P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant difference in the percentage of mistake number > 3 between continuous anesthesia group, interval anesthesia 1-day group and the normal control group (44.8%, 44.8% vs. 46.9%), the percentages of number of repeated mistake > 0 and total arm entries > 8 in above three groups were slightly increased as compared with those of normal control group (27.1%, 22.9% vs. 18.8%, 20.8%, 21.9% vs. 13.5%, all P > 0.05). No statistical differences in completing the task among normal control group, continuous anesthesia group, interval anesthesia 1 day and 3 days groups were found (minutes: 1.32±0.91, 1.54±1.05, 1.46±0.86, 1.38±0.79, all P > 0.05). ② It was found by gender analysis that the percentages number of repeated errors > 0 and total arm entries > 8 were significantly lower in female rats than those in the male rats only in normal control group (5.0% vs. 28.6%, P < 0.01; 5.0% vs. 19.6%, P < 0.05). There was no obvious gender difference in exposed groups. ③ Compared between groups of female rats, the percentages of repeated mistake > 0 in continuous anesthesia group, interval anesthesia 1 day and 3 days groups (25.0%, 25.0%, 30.0% vs. 5.0%, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and the percentage of total arm entries > 8 in interval anesthesia 1 day and 3 days groups were significantly higher than that of normal control group (22.5%, 25.0% vs. 5.0%, both P < 0.05). No significant difference about the RAM task in male rats of all the four groups was found. Conclusions Different time interval of neonatal isoflurane exposure may develop certain degree of acute brain injury in rats, characterized by cognitive function. Prolongation of the interval time significantly enhanced long-term memory in rats. Multiple neonatal exposures to isoflurane were associated with greater cognitive impairment than a single exposure. In addition, isoflurane can significantly increase cognitional functional disorder in the female, not in the male rats.

Objective To investigate effects of physical exercise (PE) on object recognition memory in adult rats of postnatal isoflurane (Iso) exposures.Methods One hundred and ten postnatal 7-day SD rats (P7) were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (Naive), Naive+PE group (received physical exercise in P21: a treadmill exercise 30min each day, 5 times/week, for 6 weeks), Iso group (three times of 2-hour Iso exposure in P7, P9, and P11), and Iso+PE group (received PE in P21 after postnatal Iso exposures). In P67, behavioral testing was conducted including open field and object recognition task (ORT), recording the time (Discrimination Ratios, DR) that rats spent on exploring each object, evaluating effects of PE on object recognition memory.Results There was no significant difference in influence of PE on open field testing in all of the groups (P>0.05). Compared with Naive, there was no group difference in DR (P>0.05) for all groups, but the DR of Iso male rats was significantly higher than that of Naive female rats in P67, with significant difference (P=0.034). Compared with non-PE groups, whether or not postnatal Iso exposures, the DR of PE male groups was significantly higher (compared with Naive and Iso group:P67,P=0.050,P=0.017; P95,P=0.037,P=0.019); in female rats, the DR for ISO+PE group was lower than that of Iso group in P67 (P=0.036), but the DR of Naive+PE group was higher than that of Naive group in P95 (P=0.004). Compared with male rats, the DR of non-PE female rats was significantly higher in P67 (vis. Naive and Iso group:P=0.022,P=0.011); but in P95, the DR of non-Iso female groups was significantly higher than that of male groups (vis. Naive and Naive+PE:P=0.008,P=0.017).Conclusions There is no obvious impact of postnatal Iso exposures on object recognition memory of adult rats. These Results also indicate that postnatal PE could improve object recognition memory of non-spatial learning in adult rats. In addition, exercise benefits have gender differences.

To explore the diagnostic values of real-time elastosonography quantitative parameters in uterine fibroids and adenomyoma.The clinical data of 175 cases were analyzed retrospectively.Strain ratios (B/A) of lesion and normal adjacent myometrium were measured and mean B/A was calculated.The average B/A of uterine fibroids and adenomyoma was 3.81 ±0.52 and 1.39 ±0.46 respectively.And there was significant statistic difference (t =2.563,P ＜ 0.05).the accuracy rates of real-time elastosonography in the diagnosis of uterine fibroids and adenomyoma were high at 97.4％ (148/152) and 95.3％ (122/128) respectively.Real-time elastosonography has high diagnostic values for uterine fibroids and adenomyoma.