A total of 62 cases with autogenous arteriovenous fistulas were examined bv color Doppler ultrasonography.Venous thrombotic manifestations (n =13) and large local hematoma (n =3) were detected.The diameter ranges were around (1.8 ± 0.7) cm for arteriovenous fistula and (2.0 ± 0.8) cm for local hematoma.And there was no statistical significance (t =1.63,P ＞ 0.05).According to edge shape,presence or absence of flow signal and fistula searching,it could be used to identify venous thrombosis and local hematoma of arteriovenous fistula.Color Doppler ultrasound is helpful for the differential diagnosis and the mass properties of arteriovenous fistula so that it provides useful diagnostic information for the clinicians.

To explore the value of local anesthesia under ultrasonic guidance for establishing puncture path of superficial tumor.A total of 144 patients with superficial tumor received local pre-puncture anesthesia under ultrasonic guidance so that all lesions were targeted.Transient aggregation of narcotics was applied for raised (n =12) or superficial (n =15) skin lesions.The clarity of scanning acoustic window was enhanced,the puncture distance of tumor broadened and the mass of axial changed to obtain a longer lymph node cortex.The damage of blood vessels occurred easily due to tumor closeness to large blood vessel or shortened puncture path in 17 cases.Anesthetic drug was injected between tumor and blood vessels to enlarge the thickness for visualizing the puncture needle tract clearly.And puncture was accomplished under the guidance of color Doppler.Therefore a puncture path can be created effectively with local anesthesia by ultrasonic guidance.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the application of untrasound-guided local anesthesia in alleviation of pain after percutaneous liver biopsy.The clinical results of 1417 cases of percutuneous liver biopsy were retrospectively analyzed.In 896 patients under ultrasound-guided local anesthesia 51 felt pain after liver biopsy,while in 521 patients whose local anesthesia without ultrasound guidance,143 felt pain (5.7% vs.27.4%,X~2=118.63,P＜0.01).The results indicate ultrasound-guided local anesthesia can effectively alleviate pain after percutaneous liver biopsy.

A total of 183 patients of ectopic pregnancy due to tubal factors were divided into the methotrexate (MTX),conservative surgery and salpingectomy groups.The dose of gonadotropin,counts of harvested oocytes and high-quality embryos and pregnancy rate were compared among three groups to analyze the differences of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).And the above parameters showed no significant differences (P ＞0.05 ).The clinical pregnancy rate of the conservative group was higher than the other two groups.And the difference was statistically significant compared with salpingectomy ( P ＜ 0.05 ).It suggested that the treatments of ectopic pregnancy had some effects on the outcome of IVF-ET.The pregnancy rate was slightly higher in the conservative surgery group.

BACKGROUND: Considerable debate exists which factors influence the outcomes of the vitrified frozen-thawed embryo transfer because lack of clinical applications.OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors influencing the outcomes of the vitrified frozen-thawed embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology.METHODS: A retrospective statistical analysis was performed in Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University of 142 patients, 154 thawing cycles. The patients were grouped according to the age of patients, embryonic development, fertilization methods, endometrial preparation programs, the endometrial thickness, the process of transplantation and the survival cell ratio of embryo recovery, the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were compared between various groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among the groups of the different age, fertilization methods, endometrial preparation programs, endometrial thickness and the process of embryo transfer embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were no significant difference (P > 0.05); between the two groups of the second day fertilized embryos (D2) and the third day (D3)fertilized embryos, the clinical pregnancy rate was not significant (P> 0.05), but the embryo implantation rate of D3 group was significantly higher than D2 group. The survival cell ratio of embryo recovery has a significant effect on implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate (P < 0.05). Ln the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles, embryo quality plays a major role in pregnancy rate, and preparation for appropriate endometrial thickness can improve the clinical pregnancy rate.

BACKGROUND: Whether overweight and obesity have impact on the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of women's body mass index (BMI) on the outcome of IVF-ET treatment. METHODS: A total of 184 cases were divided into 3 groups according to BMI: lankness group (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal group (18.5kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight and obesity group (BMI≥ 24 kg/m2). Treatments of ovulation induction and IVF-ET were regularly performed in the Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. The duration and dose of gonadotrophic hormone (GTH) treatment, estradiol level at the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, and the differences of retrieved oocytes numbers, fertility rate, embryo quality, implantation rate, pregnancy rate and abortion rate were compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The dose of GTH used was in the overweight and obesity group was greater than that of the other groups (P< 0.05), and the dose was increased with BMI increasing. There was no significant difference in other aspects such as estradiol level, retrieved oocytes numbers, fertility rate, embryo quality, implantation rate, pregnancy rate and abortion rate at the day of hCG injection among the three groups (P> 0.05). All results demonstrated that overweight and obese patients require a higher hCG dose to achieve follicular maturation than normal weight patients. However, overweight and obesity does not affect negatively results of IVF-ET.

AIM: To investigate the effects of alanyl - glutamine ( Ala -Gln) on expression of iNOS and TNF- α in injured intestinal mucosa induced by oral tacrolimus (FK506). METHODS: Twenty -four BALB/c mice were randomized to receive orally 0.2 mL of normal saline solution ( group Ⅰ ), 0.2 mL of FK506 in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg ( group Ⅱ ) or 1.0 mg/kg (group Ⅲ), and orally high -dose FK506 (0.2 mL, 1.0 mg/kg) plus intraperitoneal injection of Ala -Gln (0.5 g/kg )(group Ⅳ ),respectively. Damages of intestinal mucosa were determined by pathological examination.Intestinal mucosal permeability was analysed by FITC - dextran fluorescence assay. Expression of iNOS and TNF - α in intestine was detected by RT - PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Severe damage on the villi and increased intestinal permeability were observed in high - dose FK506 treated mice according to scanning electron microscopy and FITC - dextran flux respectively. The erosion and increased intestinal permeability were significantly alleviated by Ala - Gln treatment. Transcription of iNOS mRNA and TNF - α mRNA, which was up - regulated in high - dose FK506 treated group,was also markedly down- regulated in mice combined with Ala- Gln- treatment. A significantly increased expression of iNOS and TNF - α protein was found in the high - dose FK506 treated mice, while small amounts of these proteins were identified in the Ala - Gln - treated group. CONCLUSION: FK506 could induce a significant impairment of intestinal mucosa morphologically, which might be associated with up - regulated expression of iNOS and TNF - α in small intestinal mucosa. Subsequently, the intestinal permeability is increased. Ala - Gln has a strong protective effect on FK506 - induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, probably relates to the down - regulation of iNOS and TNF - α expression.

A total of 104 patients with polycystic ovarian changes on ultrasound were divided into polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and polycystic ovaries (PCO) groups according to their clinical symptoms and endocrine examinations.And 40 women with normal ovulation served as the controls.Ovarian volume (OV),ovarian stroma area (SA),ovarian total area (TA) and SA/TA ratio were measured by transvaginal uhrasonography.Their endocrine hormone levels were determined.Patients with PCOS showed significantly higher OV,SA,TA and SA/TA than those of PCO and control groups.SA/TA was positively correlated with testosterone.The median serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibit B in the PCO group were intermediate between those in control and PCOS groups.AMH and inhibin B of PCOS were higher than the PCO and control groups.It indicated that the levels of AMH and inhibit B were associated with the degree of polycystic ovaries and they could be used to differentiate PCOS and PCO.SA/TA is associated with the elevated serum testosterone of PCO.And SA/TA is an important ultrasonic parameter for diagnosing PCOS.

AIM: To investigate the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) on expression of iNOS and TNF-? in injured intestinal mucosa induced by oral tacrolimus(FK506). METHODS: Twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomized to receive orally 0.2 mL of normal saline solution ( groupⅠ), 0.2 mL of FK506 in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (groupⅡ) or 1.0 mg/kg (groupⅢ), and orally high-dose FK506 (0.2 mL, 1.0 mg/kg) plus intraperitoneal injection of Ala-Gln (0.5 g/kg )(groupⅣ),respectively. Damages of intestinal mucosa were determined by pathological examination. Intestinal mucosal permeability was analysed by FITC-dextran fluorescence assay. Expression of iNOS and TNF-? in intestine was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS: Severe damage on the villi and increased intestinal permeability were observed in high-dose FK506 treated mice according to scanning electron microscopy and FITC-dextran flux respectively. The erosion and increased intestinal permeability were significantly alleviated by Ala-Gln treatment. Transcription of iNOS mRNA and TNF-? mRNA, which was up-regulated in high-dose FK506 treated group, was also markedly down-regulated in mice combined with Ala-Gln-treatment. A significantly increased expression of iNOS and TNF-? protein was found in the high-dose FK506 treated mice, while small amounts of these proteins were identified in the Ala-Gln-treated group.CONCLUSION: FK506 could induce a significant impairment of intestinal mucosa morphologically, which might be associated with up-regulated expression of iNOS and TNF-? in small intestinal mucosa. Subsequently, the intestinal permeability is increased. Ala-Gln has a strong protective effect on FK506-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, probably relates to the down-regulation of iNOS and TNF-? expression.

To explore the diagnostic values of real-time elastosonography quantitative parameters in uterine fibroids and adenomyoma.The clinical data of 175 cases were analyzed retrospectively.Strain ratios (B/A) of lesion and normal adjacent myometrium were measured and mean B/A was calculated.The average B/A of uterine fibroids and adenomyoma was 3.81 ±0.52 and 1.39 ±0.46 respectively.And there was significant statistic difference (t =2.563,P ＜ 0.05).the accuracy rates of real-time elastosonography in the diagnosis of uterine fibroids and adenomyoma were high at 97.4％ (148/152) and 95.3％ (122/128) respectively.Real-time elastosonography has high diagnostic values for uterine fibroids and adenomyoma.