Abnormal contract and relaxation of the bladder is closely correlated with detrusor instability.In the recent years,with advanced studies of its related nervous system,deeper insights have been gained into the mechanism underlying the influence of nerve receptors on bladder contraction and relaxation in the pathological state,which involves the changes of M-AR,?-AR and P-AR.The receptors that regulate the contraction of the bladder mainly include M-AR and P-AR,and ?-AR is chiefly responsible for adjusting its relaxation.An understanding of these mechanisms may provide a direction and a foundation for the studies of clinical therapies and development of new drugs for this disease.

Objective To investigate the characteristics in vitro and hemostatic function of O -carboxymethyl chitosan multi-hemostatic sponge. Methods Freeze-drying technology was applied on preparation of O -carboxymethyl chitosan hemostatic sponge. The physicochemical properties of the self-produced multi-hemostatic sponge were observed for its appearance, porosity rate,water absorption,and density. The hemostatic effect was compared between the self-produced hemostatic sponge and commercially available absorbable gelatin sponge in rabbit models with ear venous and arterial injuries. Results The self-produced hemostatic sponge was off-white and full of pores with good tenacity and even net texture. Its porosity ratio, water absorption rate, and density were 67. 23%,38. 77%,and 0. 043 4 g·(cm3)-1,respectively. The bleeding time volume were significantly lower from the self-produced sponge than that from the commercially available gelatin sponge. No secondary re-bleeding was observed. Conclusion The self-produced O -carboxymethyl chitosan multi-hemostatic sponge displays stable physicochemical characteristics and reliable hemostatic effect.

Objective To Study on anti-thrombosis effect of volatile oil of Acorus Tatarinowii Schott(AST) and ?-asarone.Methods Thrombosis test,blood hyperviscocity test,blood clottingtest,and in vitro fibrinolytic test were carried out to investigate the effects of volatile oil of AST and ?-asarone on the following indexes:weight of thrombus,prothrombin time(PT),activated part prothrombin time(APTT),hemorheology,clotting time,the weight of plasma fibrin clot.Results Volatile oil of AST and ?-asarone can lower the weight of venout thrombosis in rats,and prolong PT and APTT of blood plasma in rats.They can improve hemorheology in the hyperviscocity rats,especially reduce viscosity of whole blood and blood plasma obviously.They can prolong the clotting time in mice obviously;and decrease the weight of plasma fibrin clot.Conclusion Volatile oil of SCP and ?-asarone has anti-thrombosis anticoagulationand fibrinolyitc effect,and its mechanism may be related to the prolongation of PT and APTT,improving blood viscosity.

0.05 compared with group B);ZT and Youjiangtang Tablets had similar effect in promoting the synthesis of hepatic glucose and the release of serum insulin(P

Objective To explore the mechanism of Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong in counteracting cerebral ischemia with reperfusion injury.Methods Rat Model of cerebral ischemia with reperfusion injury was set up by occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries.The effect of Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong on the content of nitric oxide(NO)and free radicals of model rat brain tissue was observed.Results Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong decreased the lipid peroxide(LPO)content and increased the activity of superoxidase(SOD)in model rat brain tissue(P

Objective To observe the effects of Suoquan Wan(SQW) on the endocrine and immune function of the polyuria rats with kidney-yang deficiency. Methods The model rats were induced by gastric infusion of adenine(250 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, then treated respectively with SQW (at low, middle and high dose respectively), Shenqi Wan and desmopressin for another 4 weeks. The bodyweight and organ index were recorded, and serum cortisone concentration were detected. T cell subsets in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Results The bodyweight of rats in model group was lower than that in the normal control group. And the bodyweight of rats in desmopressin group, middle-and high-dose SQW groups differed from that in the model group (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). The decreased organ indexes of pituitary, adrenal and thymic glands were found in the model group (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01 compared with the normal group). The thymus index was elevated in all the medication groups except the low-dose SQW group (P < 0. 05). The elevated organ indexes of pituitary and adrenal glands were only found in Shenqi Wan group and high-dose SQW group (P < 0. 05). In the model group serum cortisone concentration was decreased (P < 0. 01). In Shengqi Wan group and middle-and high-dose SQW groups, the cortisone concentration was significantly increased (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01, compared with the model group). In the model group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD3+/CD4+ T cell subsets in pe-ripheral blood were decreased, and the percentage of CD3+/CD8+ T cell subset was increased (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01 compared with the normal group). Compared to the model group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD3+/CD4+ T cell sub-sets were increased and the percentage of CD3+/CD8+ T cell subset was decreased in SQW group and Shenqi Wan group. But the differences of T lymphocyte subsets were insignificant between desmopressin group and the model group. Conclu-sion SQW can regulate the endocrine and immune function of the polyuria ratwith kidney-yang deficiency.

Objective To investigate the effect of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine combined with chemotherapy on immune function in treatment of children with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods 89 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis from December 2010 to December 2013 treated in three hospitals in xinxiang city were randomly divided into control group and observation group.The control group was given regular chemotherapy,the observation group was given chemotherapy combined with Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine therapy.CD4 +,CD8 +,CD8 +/CD4 +and CD16 +CD56 +in peripheral blood were evaluated by FCM before and after treatment.Serum TNF- αand IL-10 levels were detected by the method of ELISA.Taking 3 sputum samples (night sputum,morning sputum and sputum at moment)of each patient to smear after treatment.Results Before treatment,there was no significant difference of each index between two groups.After treatment,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +and CD16 +CD56 +in the observation group were significantly higher than that before treatment and the control group(P<0.05).The proportion of CD8 +in two groups was significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05),the difference between groups was not statistically significant.Serum TNF- αand IL-10 levels decreased significantly in two groups than those before treatment and the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the negative conversion rate in the control group was 90.9%(n=40),while 100%(n=45)in the observation group.The difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine combined with chemotherapy has a significant effect on children with pulmonary tuberculosis.It could significantly improve the immune function of children.

AIM: To investigate the changes of bladder volume , pressures and pelvic nerve firing induce by different speeds and ways of instillation .METHODS:Female SD rats (n=20) were randomly divided into 2 groups.The rats in group A was performed using 3-F polyethylene tubing inserted into the bladder through the urethra .The rats in group B were performed using 3-F tubing inserted into the dome of the bladder and secured by silk suture .The rats in both groups were infused with saline into the bladder at different speeds of 50, 100, 200 and 400μL/min.The changes of bladder vol-ume and pressure were recorded by urodynamic measuring devices .The changes of pelvic nerve firing during instillation were recorded by multi-channel physiologic recorder .RESULTS:In group A, the maximum firing frequency , bladder leak point pressure ( BLPP) and maximum voiding pressure ( MVP) were increased with the increase in the instillation speed . No significant difference of the maximum bladder capacity (MBC) at different speeds was observed .In group B, the maxi-mum firing frequency had no significant difference at different speeds .MBC was decreased with the increase in the instilla-tion speed , and exhibited significant decrease at 200 and 400 μL/min.No significant difference of BLPP and MVP at dif-ferent speeds was observed .Compared with group A , the maximum firing frequency and MBC in group B significantly de-creased at different speeds .However , BLPP and MVP in group B were higher than those in group A at the speeds of 50 and 100 μL/min.CONCLUSION:Different instillation speeds with the method of group A will not change the bladder volume but influence the pelvic nerve firing , so the process of method A may take various speeds according to different aims .How-ever, process of method B at the speed of over 200 μL/min may not be good to MBC, thus instillation under 200 μL/min is re-commended .

Background and purpose:New treatment strategies should be explored for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after the failure of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). To compare the efficacy and toxicities of chemotherapy in combination with EGFR-TKI or single chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKI resistence. Methods:In this study, 18 patients were enrolled. Eight patients were treated by chemotherapy combined with EGFR-TKI (CE group);10 patients were treated by single chemotherapy (E group), 21 days for one cycle. All patients received at least 2 cycles of treatment. Results:All 18 patients had been evaluated. The CE group was similar to the E group in objective response rate (ORR:25%vs 10%, P=0.832). The CE group was higher than the E group in disease control rate (DCR:87.5%vs 30%, P=0.046). The median PFS was longer in CE group (3.5 months vs 2.4 months, P=0.05). The CE group was higher than the E group in rash (75%vs 10%, P<0.05). The grade 3-4 toxicities did not have significantly differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:Though there was no significant difference in ORR between the 2 groups (P>0.05), the CE group was superior to the E group in DCR and PFS. Patients with retreatment of advanced NSCLC after the failure of EGFR-TKI can be controlled by continued EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy.

【Objective】To observe the effect of fucoidan on lipid metabolism enzyme in hyperlipidemia mice.【Methods】Sixty healthy male SD rats were randomized into 6 groups: normal group,model group,gynostemma pentaphyllum(GP,30 mg/kg) group and low-,moderate-and high-dose fucoidan groups(0.1,0.2 and 0.4 g?kg-1 respectively).Except the normal group,the rats in other groups received high fat emulsion(10 mL?kg-1) by gavage to establish hyperlipidemia models.The activities of lipoprotein lipase(LPL),hepatic lipase(HL) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) in different groups were compared.【Results】Serum activities of LPL,HL and LCAT as well as hepatic activities of LPL and HL were increased in low-and moderate-dose fucoidan groups.【Conclusion】Fucoidan decreases the serum triglyceride levels by activating the serum and hepatic LPL and HL activities,and decreases serum cholesterol level by activating hepatic LCAT activity.