Idiopathic scoliosis is one of common adolescent malformations,it will harm patient's physical and mental health seriously.These years,surgical technique of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has developed from rectification of single plane and segment to multi planes and segments,the effect of rectification improved much at the same time.This article reviews the developed course of the surgical technique of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis from two aspects:operating approach and operating method.It also recommends the extensively used operating styles at present.

[Objective]To investigate the prevalence rate of adolescent scoliosis in Heilongjiang province. [Methods]A total of 17 525 students(aged 7 ~15 years old) from 28 primary and secondary schools were screened for scoliosis from April 2007 to May 2009.Physical examination,corrugated photography and X-ray were used for the screening,prevalence rate was calculated and correspondent treatment was given to patients.[Results]The result of first check-positive was 911(5.20%),with male 448(4.92%),female 463(5.44%).The second check-positive was 413(2.36),with male 181(2.00%),female 232(2.73%),387 in them received the third check.In the third check,335 patients were found the Cobb's angle ≥10?,with the prevalence rate of 1.91%(male 147,1.63%,female 188,2.21%).[Conclusion]Adolescent scoliosis can be early found,early diagnosed,prevented and treated by general survey.

[Objective]To design a new kind of instrumentation specially to correct scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis.[Method]Through posterior transpedicular and vertebrae,wedged osteotomy was continually performed until anterior substantia compacta of vertebrae.[Result]More than(1 200) patients with scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis were treated with WVOI.The highest ostentomied vertebrae was thoracic 9 and 4 levels were performed for 1 case(mean 2 levels).The average time of osteotomy on one vertebrae was 30 min with 100 ml blood loss.No spine and spinal root injury was detected during the operating procedure.[Conclusion]Osteotomy with WVOI reduced operating time,blood loss,keep spine and spinal root safer during the operating procedure.It also made osteotomical plate fit well and prompted quick ossification.WVOI is an efficient instrumentation to correct kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis.

[Objective]To study the effect of improved universal pedicle screw systems which combined locking pedicle screws with sliding pedicle screws to correct the spinal deformities in growth period through posterior incision.[Method]From June 2000 to June 2006,209 spinal deformities in growth period were treated(106 males and 103 females),including 92 idiopathic scoliosis,72 congenital scoliosis,26 Scheuermanns diseases and 19 other kinds of spinal deformities.The age of patients ranged from 8 to 16 years(average 13.22 years).Locking pedicle screws were placed into pedicles of apical vertebra and the 3 to 5 adjacent vertebrae.Sliding pedicle screws were putted into pedicles of cephalic and caudal vertebrae.Double cross-links and rods were fixed and locked tightly.Sliding cross-links themselves could cannula prolonged to fit for the transverse development of vertebrae.[Result]Totally 209 cases with preoperative Cobbs angle 45 degree to 110 degree(average 68 degree)were instrumented with improved USS systems and 96 cases were followed up for 26～60 month.The length of spines were prolonged 4 cm to 15 cm with average 7 cm.With 26 months to 60 months follow-up,the whole spine growth was 230.4 cm with average 2.4 cm respectively.Rods broken were found in 6 patients and no other cmplication was detected.[Conclusion]Improved USS system which combined locking pedicle screws with sliding pedicle screws had the three dimensional power and intensity of traditional 3D instrumentations.Sliding pedicle screws and cross-links permitted longitudinal growth of the vertebrae and transverse development pedicles.

[Objective]To evaluate the role of three radiographic ways in patients undergoing spinal three-dimensional correction and fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.[Method]Sixty-three cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)with 79 structural curves were studied.Preoperative X-ray of standing,gravity-suspendig traction,supine bending and fulcrum bending were compared with postoperative standing X-ray one week after surgery,Cobbs angle of all X-ray were measured and statistical significance was evaluated.[Result]In structural thoracic group and lumbar group the mean Cobbs angle were 40?and 21?in gravity-suspendig traction X-ray,41?and 23?in supine bending X-ray,35?and 19?in fulcrum bending X-ray,36?and 18?in postoperative standing X-ray respectively.In severe group and moderate group the mean Cobbs angle were 52?and 23?in gravity-suspendig traction X-ray,53?and 24?in supine bending X-ray,47?and 20?in fulcrum bending X-ray,44?and 19?in postoperative standing X-ray respectively.In rigid group and flexible group the mean Cobbs angle were 51?and 22?in gravity-suspendig traction X-ray,52?and 22?in supine bending X-ray,48?and 18?in fulcrum bending X-ray,45?and 17?in postoperative standing X-ray respectively.In anterior approach group and posterior approach group the mean Cobbs angle were 47?and 15?in gravity-suspendig traction X-ray,49?and 16?in supine bending X-ray,43?and 11?in fulcrum bending X-ray,42?and 10?in postoperative standing X-ray respectively.All above Cobbs angle were mean numerical value,the mean follow-up period was 1.5 years(range:1~3 years).[Conclusion]The fulcrum bending X-ray are more predicting of correctability of AIS patients than the gravity-suspendig traction and supine bending X-ray.It can provide reference for chosing anterior or posterior approach and chosing fusion levels.

0.05).[Conclusion]There are the same correct effectiveness and the biomechanical stability in the treatment with the slidable pedicle screw system and universal pedicle screw system,meanwhile there is no effect in the adolescent growth.

Background and purpose: Capecitabine, which is widely used in the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer, was known little in the maintenance treatment of advanced breast cancer. The present study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of capecitabine in the maintenance treatment of advanced breast cancer. Methods: A total of 62 advanced breast cancer patients confirmed by histopathology and/or cytology, who had been evaluated as CR/PR/SD after first-line treatment, were divided into two groups. Thirty-one of them received capecitabine orally as maintenance treatment, while the others were followed up without any treatment. The clinical response was evaluated every two cycles. Results:The median time to progression (TTP) of the capecitabine group was 12 (2-24) months, which was signiifcantly higher than the control group. In the subgroup analysis, similar results were detected in the premenopausal group, hormone receptor positive group, HER-2 positive group, metastasis group, no capecitabine used history group. Among the capecitabine group,the overall response rate (CR+PR) was 19.4%, and the disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) was 74.2%. The most common adverse effects were hand-foot syndrome, hematologic toxicity and gastrointestinal reaction, all of which could be tolerated. The overall score of the capecitabine group evaluated by the Chinese vesion of the FACT-B was signiifcantly higher than the control group. Conclusion:Capecitabine can effectively and tolerably prolong survival time and improve the quality of life of patients in the maintenance treatment of advanced breast cancer.

Objective To assess the effects of p27mt gene transfection on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines SMMC-7721. Methods A replication deficient adenovirus vector encoding p27mt (Ad-p27mt) was used and p27mt cDNA was transfected into human SMMC-7721 cell lines in vitro. The synthesis of DNA in SMMC-7721 cells was determined by using 3H-thymidine incorporation; the cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, TUNEL method and DNA fragmentation analysis. Results The virus titer was 7.95?1012 cfu/ml, the transduction efficiency was 100 % when multiplicity of infection ≥50, FCM analysis revealed a sub-G1 cell peak in Ad-p27mt transduced hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Agarose electrophoresis showed marked ladder .The difference of apoptotic index between the Ad-p27mt group and the control group was statistically significant (58.6?4.3, vs 4.5?1.6, P

Objective To Study on anti-thrombosis effect of volatile oil of Acorus Tatarinowii Schott(AST) and ?-asarone.Methods Thrombosis test,blood hyperviscocity test,blood clottingtest,and in vitro fibrinolytic test were carried out to investigate the effects of volatile oil of AST and ?-asarone on the following indexes:weight of thrombus,prothrombin time(PT),activated part prothrombin time(APTT),hemorheology,clotting time,the weight of plasma fibrin clot.Results Volatile oil of AST and ?-asarone can lower the weight of venout thrombosis in rats,and prolong PT and APTT of blood plasma in rats.They can improve hemorheology in the hyperviscocity rats,especially reduce viscosity of whole blood and blood plasma obviously.They can prolong the clotting time in mice obviously;and decrease the weight of plasma fibrin clot.Conclusion Volatile oil of SCP and ?-asarone has anti-thrombosis anticoagulationand fibrinolyitc effect,and its mechanism may be related to the prolongation of PT and APTT,improving blood viscosity.

Objective: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) often occurs in cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The risk factors for lymph node metastasis, especially for high-volume metastasis, were investigated in this study. Methods: The medical records of 1,268 consecutive PTMC patients admitted in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 to 2014 were reviewed. Their clinical and pathological features were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for LNM/highvolume LNM. Results: Of the 1,268 patients, 416 patients (32.8％) and 43 (3.4％) had LNM and high-volume LNM, respectively. According to the univariate analysis results for the risk factors of LNM, male (42.22％ vs. 30.26％, P<0.01), <40 years (<40 years, 48.39％; 40-59 years, 27.62％; ≥60 years 22.45％, P<0.03), multifocality (41.00％ vs. 29.03％, P<0.01), without chronic thyroiditis (36.44％ vs. 20.62％,P<0.01), tumor size >0.5 cm (35.77％ vs. 23.05％, P<0.01) were associated with LNM. Meanwhile, according to the multivariate analysis results, male, multifocality, and tumor size >0.5 cm are independent risk factors for LNM (OR=1.516, 1.743, and 1.788, respectively, all P<0.05). The protective factors for LNM are 40-59 years, ≥60 years, and chronic thyroiditis (OR 0.388, 0.301, and 0.472, respectively,all P<0.05). In the univariate analysis of risk factors for high-volume LNM, the results indicated that being male (6.30％ vs. 2.61％, P= 0.005), <40 years (<40 years, 7.62％; 40-59 years, 2.05％; ≥60 years 0, P<0.001), and tumor size >0.5 cm (4.01％ vs. 1.36％, P=0.027) are associated with high-volume LNM. In multivariate analysis, the results suggest that being male is an independent risk factor for LNM (OR=2.383, P=0.002), whereas age of 40-59 years is a protective factor for LNM (OR=0.270, P<0.001). Conclusion: Lymph node metastasis often ocucrs in cN0 PTMC, whereas high-volume LNM is rare. Being male and <40 years old are risk factors for both LNM and highvolume LNM.