OBJECTIVE To develop new 2?5 type of piezoelectric immunoglobulin microarray immunosensor for determination of immunoglobulin.The energy converters are 10MHz AT-cut quartz crystals with gold-coated(electrodes).The monoclonal antibodies of immunoglobulin are immobilized onto the surfaces of crystals gold(electrodes) by staphylococcal protein A(SPA).METHODS The standard substance and serum were detected to find the detection time,temperature and specificity of the immunosensor.RESULTS The piezoelectric quartz(crystal) immunoglobulin microarray immunosensor could complete the detection in 15 min without nonspecific(response).Under the optimized conditions,the experimental results showed that the piezoelectric immunosensor had good(response) to immunoglobulin whose frequency shifts were linearly dependent on immunoglobulin (concentration) in different range.The piezoelectric microarray immunosensor had been used to detect(immunoglobulin) in serum,the analytical results given by this method were in satisfactory agreement with those given by traditional (immunoassay),with correlation coefficient of 0.94,0.94,0.94,0.92 and 0.91.(CONCLUSIONS) Piezoelectric microarray immunosensor for the determination of immunoglobulin is of high(sensitivity),high specificity,high analysis speed,unnecessary labelling,simple operation,real-time detection,(repeated) use,etc.It is suitable for (detecting) of immunoglobulin and should be used for clinical detection.

OBJECTIVE To develop a new type of piezoelectric immunoglobulin microarray immunosensor for(determination) of immunoglobulin.METHODS The energy converters were 10MHz AT-cut quartz crystals with gold-coated electrodes.The monoclonal antibodies of immunoglobulin were immobilized onto the surfaces of(crystals) gold(electrodes) by SPA to study the best immobilization yield of the antibodies at different condition.Gold-(protein) A complex was highly stable and was believed to be Van der Waals in nature.We did experiments to find the best temperature-time condition about the binding of SPA and the gold surface and to explore the influence(about) the immobilization of antibody by the concentration and the pH of the antibody solution.RESULTS At the same antibody concentration, it had the highest immobilization yield of SPA at a low-temperature-long-time(combination).The most immobilization yield was obtained at the 5mg/ml concentration of antibody solution.The optimum pH for antibody immobilization was 7.2.CONCLUSIONS SPA for the immobilization of antibody is of(simple) operation,and time-saving.It is a good way to immobilize antibody on the gold electric surface of the quartz(crystal).

[摘 要] 目的：探讨lncRNA SNHG14对甲状腺癌SW579细胞恶性生物学行为的影响及其分子机制。方法：收集2017年10月至2018年12月青海省人民医院收治的20例甲状腺癌患者的癌组织及癌旁组织标本，用qPCR检测甲状腺癌组织和对应癌旁组织中SNHG14与miR-433-3p的表达；根据转染物的不同，将SW579细胞分为si-NC组（转染si-NC）、si-SNHG14组（转染si-SNHG14）、miR-NC组（转染miR-NC）、miR-433-3p mimic组（转染miR-433-3p mimic）、si-SNHG14+anti-miR-NC组（共转染si-SNHG14与anti-miR-NC）和si-SNHG14+anti-miR-433-3p组（共转染si-SNHG14与anti-miR-433-3p）。MTT法、FCM、Transwell实验分别检测转染后SW579细胞的增殖能力、细胞周期、细胞凋亡率、迁移及侵袭能力的改变；利用双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测SNHG14是否可结合miR-433-3p，qPCR法检测SNHG14与miR-433-3p之间的相互调控关系。结果：SNHG14在甲状腺癌组织中的表达高于癌旁组织（P<0.05），而miR-433-3p的表达水平低于癌旁组织（P<0.05）。抑制SNHG14的表达或过表达miR-433-3p可使SW579细胞增殖能力降低（P<0.05）、迁移与侵袭细胞数减少（均P<0.05）、细胞凋亡率升高（P<0.05）、G1期细胞比例升高（P<0.05）且S期细胞比例降低（P<0.05）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验证明SNHG14可结合miR-433-3p，抑制SNHG14的表达可提高SW579细胞中miR-433-3p水平（均P<0.05）。同时抑制miR-433-3p 和SNHG14的表达可部分逆转后者对SW579细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭的作用（均P<0.05）。结论：甲状腺癌组织中lncRNA SNHG14呈高表达、miR-433-3p呈低表达，lncRNA SNHG14可通过靶向结合miR-433-3p促进甲状腺癌SW579细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭而抑制细胞凋亡。

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan against osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. MethodForty-eight 3-month-old SD female rats were randomized into model group （equivalent volume of normal saline）， sham operation group （equivalent volume of normal saline）， estradiol group （0.1 mg·kg^-1 estradiol valerate）， and high-， medium-， low-dose Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan groups （800， 400， 200 mg·kg^-1， respectively）. For the modeling， some adipose tissue near the ovaries was removed in the sham operation group， and ovaries were excised in other groups. Administration （ig， once a day） started two weeks after the operation and lasted 12 weeks. After sampling， based on hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， the morphological changes of the right femur and lumbar spine of the rats were observed. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to detect the serum levels of rat tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b （TRAP5b）， collagen type Ⅰ C-terminal peptide （CTX-Ⅰ）， bone alkaline phosphatase （BALP）， amino-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen （PINP）， and bone Gla-protein （BGP）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to examine the mRNA expression of β-catenin and Runt-related transcription factor 2 （Runx2） in femur， and Western blot to detect the protein expression of β-catenin， Runx2， and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 （Lrp-5）. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed disordered and sparse bone trabecula with fewer connections， decrease in serum levels of BALP， BGP， and PINP （P<0.01）， increase in levels of CTX-Ⅰ and TRAP5b （P<0.01）， reduction in mRNA expression of β-catenin and Runx2 in femoral tissue （P<0.01） and protein expression of Lrp-5， β-catenin， and Runx2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， estradiol and each dose of Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan increased the volume of bone trabecula， made thebone trabecula closely arranged， reduced the loss of the trabecular meshwork， raised the serum levels of BALP and BGP （P<0.01）， and lowered TRAP5b level （P<0.01）. PINP level was significantly increased in the high-dose Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan group and estradiol group （P<0.01） and CTX-Ⅰ level was significantly decreased in the high-dose Erwenwuwei Guijiuwan group and the estradiol group （P<0.01） compared with those in the model group. The mRNA expression of β-catenin in femoral tissue and protein expression of Lrp-5 and β-catenin in estradiol group and three Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the levels of Runx2 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the high-dose Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan group and the estradiol group （P<0.01） compared with those in the model group. ConclusionTibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Guijiuwan is effective for the osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats， which may be related to the classic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It affects bone metabolism by up-regulating the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in the signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of ibutilide and amiodarone on the ventricular transmural heteroge-neity of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmia for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Methods Eighty-seven patients with paroxymal atrial fibrillation at 48 h~7 d were enrolled and randomized to two groups, ibutilide and amiodarone treat-ment groups. The successful rate of cardioversion to sinus rhythm was compared between two groups. The electrocardiograph-ic QT interval and Tpeak-end/QT ratio were also analyzed before and after treatment in two groups. Results The successful rate of cardioversion was significantly higher in ibutilide group than that of amiodarone group (61.7%vs 40.7%, P＜0.05). The QT intervals and Tpeak-end/QT ratio were both significantly increased in ibutilide group (P＜0.05), which were re-turned to the levels before treatment in 2 hours and 1 hour, respectively (P＜0.05). The QT intervals were significantly in-creased in the amiodarone group (P＜0.01), which were continued until 4 h after treatment. There were no significant differ-ences in the Tpeak-end/QT ratios before and after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion The successful rate of cardioversion to sinus rhythm for atrial fibrillation by ibutilide was significantly higher compared with that of amiodarone. Ibutilide slightly in-creased the transmural heterogeneity of repolarization within the first hour, which may increase the risk of ventricular arrhyth-mia.

Objective To investigate the systolic synchrony of the left ventricle in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or with heart failure but preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF),and to evaluate the impact of systolic dyssynchrony on left ventricular function.Methods During June 2011 to May 2014,a total of 352 patients(160 males,192 females,average age:(67.6±7.8)years) with essential hypertension (EH) were enrolled in this retrospective study.Ultrasonic and G-MP1 were performed for assessment of left ventricular remodeling and systolic synchrony and the results were statistically analyzed by oneway analysis of variance and x2 test.Relationship between BNP and synchronic parameters as well as other clinical factors were analyzed by partial correlation analysis.Results The EH patients were divided into hypertension group (rt =182),LVH group (n =74) and HF-PEF group (n =96).In comparison to hypertension group,significant LVH developed in LVH and HF-PEF groups although the LVEF was still preserved.The LVMI of the 3 groups were (94.4±10.1),(121.1±9.8) and (123.2±10.9) g/m2,respectively(F=8.66,P＜0.05).The LVEF was (58.6±7.3)％,(60.8±10.4)％ and (55.1±4.6)％,respectively(F=2.89,P＞0.05).Diastolic dysfunction was identified in LVH and HF-PEF groups with significantly reduced E/A ratio (1.19±0.23,0.80±0.28,0.67±0.17;F=13.46,P＜0.05).Remarkable left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony with phase histogram bandwidth (PHB) of (88.4±8.6) ° and phase standard deviation (PSD) of (23.6±1.9)° and increased BNP of (228.4±69.7) ng/L were revealed in HF-PEF group.The BNP in HF-PEF group was significantly higher than that in LVH group((92.5±13.6) ng/L;q=8.63,P＜0.05).Positive correlation was found between BNP level and PHB,PSD,LVMI,respectively (r=0.277-0.331,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony is concomitant with HF-PEF patients induced by EH,and this dyssynchrony might be one of the factors leading to diastolic dysfunction.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) manifests as the aggregation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and disorder of calcium balance and can activate the signaling pathways involved in unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum overload reaction, and sterol regulatory cascade response. ERS can not only exert a protective effect by inducing the expression of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones such as glucose-regulated protein 78 and glucose-regulated protein 94, but also induce cell apoptosis. At present, there is still no systematic understanding of ERS involvement in the development and progression of liver diseases. This article summarizes the research advances in ERS-related signaling pathways and related liver diseases and elaborates on the role of ERS-mediated cell apoptosis in liver diseases. The intervention of ERS signaling pathways may provide a reference for the research and treatment of liver diseases in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Ershiwuwei Guijiu pill in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP） by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway and inhibiting excessive autophagy. MethodFemale SD rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into the sham operation group （Sham）， the operation group （OVX）， the Ershiwuwei Guijiu pill （GJ） group， and the raloxifene hydrochloride （RLX） group， with 10 rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and colorimetric methods were used to detect the levels of estrogen， bone metabolism markers in serum， and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in tibial tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Masson staining was used to observe pathological changes in the proximal tibia， and micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT） was used to observe changes in tibial microstructural parameters. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1， microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 （LC3）， autophagy-related 5 （Atg5）， as well as PI3K， Akt， and mTOR in tibial tissue. ResultCompared with the Sham group， the OVX group showed a significant decrease in serum levels of estradiol （E₂） and calcium ion （Ca²⁺）， and T-SOD， GSH-Px， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR mRNA levels in bone tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly reduced bone mineral density （BMD）， bone surface/bone volume （BS/BV）， trabecular thickness （Tb.Th）， trabecular number （Tb.N）， and trabecular connectivity （Con） in the tibia （P<0.05， P<0.01）， thinner epiphyseal growth plate， and the bone marrow cavity filled with fat vacuoles. Moreover， the levels of phosphorus （P）， MDA， ROS， and mRNA and protein expression of Beclin1， LC3， and Atg5， as well as trabecular separation （Tb.Sp） were significantly elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the OVX group， the GJ and RLX groups showed significant increases in serum E₂ and Ca²⁺， and bone tissue levels of SOD， GSH-Px， and the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， and mTOR （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly increased BMD， BS/BV， Tb.Th， Tb.N， and Con in the tibia， thickened epiphyseal growth plate， and significantly reduced fat vacuoles in the bone marrow cavity （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Additionally， the levels of P， MDA， ROS， Beclin1， LC3， Atg5 mRNA and proteins， and Tb.Sp were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K， p-Akt/Akt， and p-mTOR/mTOR， which were significantly reduced in the OVX group （P<0.01）， were significantly increased in the GJ and RLX groups （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe Ershiwuwei Guijiu pill reduces oxidative stress and inhibits autophagy， thereby preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， which inhibits autophagy.

Objective To analyze the imaging manifestations of 79 cases of hepatic echinococcosis retrospectively, so as to provide evidences for improving the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease. Methods Seventy-nine patients with hepatic echinococcosis who underwent imaging examinations and pathologic confirmation in Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital from 2014 to 2017 were chosen as the investigation objects, and the data of their medical records and imaging manifestations were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 79 cases of hepatic echinococcosis, 57 were suffered from cystic echinococcosis (CE) and 22 were suffered from alveolar echinococcosis (AE) . Among the patients with CE, those in single cystic type, multiple cysts type, internal capsule collapse type, solid type, and calcification type were 21, 16, 9, 4 cases and 7 cases respectively. The imaging signs of 62 cases were common. The image of the single cystic type was characterized by intrahepatic cystic water-like lesions, the cystic wall was thin and uniform without any enhancement. The multiple cysts were characterized by "cyst in the cyst", "rose petals", and "spoke wheel". The collapse and separation of the internal capsule was manifested as "drift belt sign" and "double ring sign", the calcification of the cyst wall was curved and eggshell-shaped, the contents of the cyst were cotton-shaped or the whole lesion was calcific. The image of the patients with AE was manifested as a solid mass in the liver, the density and signal were heterogeneous, the edge was irregular and not obviously enhanced, the "small vesicles" scattered in the lesion were often accompanied by calcification, and the whole lesion showed a map appearance. The other 17 cases of hepatic echinococcosis showed complex and rare imaging features. The capsules of 6 cases of CE contained fat, the images presented single or multiple fat density nodules in the hepatic hydatid cyst, and CT value was –28 to –84 HU; in 4 cases of echinococcosis, the lesions were broken into the bile duct, the density of adjacent bile duct was increased, with bile duct wall thickening and peripheral biliary dilatation. For the 4 cases of echinococcosis combined with primary liver cancer, the imaging manifestations of the hepatic cysts presented solid-mass enhancement, with "fast forward and fast out" performance. For the image of the 3 cases of CE with infection, the cystic wall was thickening and enhanced obviously, of these, 2 cases had gaseous shadows in the cyst, 1 patient’s cyst was complicated with infection and it invaded the abdominal wall. Conclusion The imaging manifestations of hepatic echinococcosis are varied and complicated, which need careful analysis for differential diagnosis.

The radiation is regarded as the fourth biggest pollution following the water, air and noise pollution, which generates a broad impact on human physiology and healthy. The radiation mainly comes from medical rays, industrial rays, nuclear wastes and atmospheric ultraviolet rays. The universality makes people pay more and more attention to the damage effect and mechanism of radiation. The radiation is divided into ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. It is a good idea to study the effect of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on drug's metabolism, which may give a guidance to clinical medication to avoid adverse reactions and to support personalized medicine. This article reviews the effect of ionizing radiation (γ-rays, X-rays, uranium and cesium) and non-ionizing radiation (ultraviolet rays) on drug metabolism, their impact on metabolic characteristics of some drugs and the impact on expression of enzymes and transporters in drug metabolism, which is conducted with a focus on clinical significance.