Central post-stroke pain refers to pain resulting from a primary lesion or dysfunction of the central nervous system after a stroke.The prevalence of central post-stroke pain varies from 8％ to 46％.This article reviews the definition,epidemiology,pathophysiology,clinical features,and treatment of central post-stroke pain.

Objective To establish a sensitive, simple and accurate HPLC-MS/MS method to quantify glycyrrhetic acid(glycyrrhetinic acid)in mice blood, and to further study pharmacokinetic profiles of glycyrrhetic acid after oral administration of glycyrrhizin and Bu- Zhong- Yi- Qi- Wan (BY). Methods Rats were intragastric administered of glycyrrhizin(glycyrrhizic acid, 61.5 mg/kg) and BY extract(3 g/kg, with the same mole of glycyrrhizin moiety), respectively. Plasma samples were collected after administration and extracted with liquid-liquid extraction, then by separated by liquid chromatography on a C8 reversion phase chromatographic column with gradient elution. Concentration of glycyrrhetic acid was detected by the validated HPLC-MS/MS. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed using the software of Das 2.0 software(Shanghai, China), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using unpaired Student’s t-test. Results This bioanalytical method was fully validated and showed good linearity(r> 0.99), wide dynamic range(5-1000 ng/ml), and favorable accuracy and precision. Compared with the glycyrrhizin pure form group, BY significantly reduced the Cmax and AUC0-t of glycyrrhetic acid by 56% and 76%, respectively. Whereas no significant differences in Tmax, T1/2 and MRT were observed between the two groups. Conclusion The constituents in the BY prescription have significantly reduced the oral bioavailability of glycyrrhetic acid in rats than those in the glycyrrhizin pure form and the results indicate that some components in the BY have an inhibition effect on the absorption process of glycyrrhizin in the gut.

Objective To investigate the selection and effectiveness of interventional treatment for different types of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Methods A total of 138 cases of BCS were divided into 4 types (type Ⅰ, membranous stenosis and obstruction of the inferior vena cava; type Ⅱ, segmental stenosis of the inferior vena cava; type Ⅲ, segmental obstruction of the inferior vena cava; type Ⅳ, patent inferior vena cava) and 9 subtypes according to results of angiography of the hepatic vein or the inferior vena cava. Therapeutic methods included percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the inferior vena cava and stent placement by way of the femoral vein, right cervical vein or subclavian vein, and PTA of the hepatic vein by way of the transhepatic approach, right cervical vein or inferior vena cava. Results The success rate was 100% (83/83) in type Ⅰ patients, 75.0% (9/12) in type Ⅱ patients, 81.6% (31/38) in type Ⅲ patients, and 60% (3/5) in type Ⅳ patients. One patient died (0.7%, 1/138). Complications occurred in 4 patients (2.9%, 4/138), including 2 cases of pericardial injury, 1 case of stent detachment, and 1 case of hepatic hemorrhage. Follow-up observations in 126 successful cases for 3~96 months (mean, 26 months) showed 8 recurrent cases, 2 of which expired, and 2 fatal cases because of hepatocarcinoma. Conclusions Interventional therapy, as a simple, safe and effective minimally invasive method, is the first choice for the treatment of BCS.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of automatic tube current modulation(ATCM) in craniocervical artery CT angiography with 256-slice CT,while maintaining the image quality.Methods Sixty patients undergoing craniocervical artery CTA were enrolled into this study,and were divided into conventional tube current group(250 mAs,group A,n=30) and low tube current group(ATCM,group B,n=30).The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),contrast-to noise ratio(CNR),volume CT dose index(CTDIvol) and effective dose(ED) were evaluated respectively.Results The mean image SNR was(37.47?9.39) and(36.85?7.96) for group A and group B respectively,and was not significantly different(P=0.79).The mean image CNR was(32.13?9.06) and(31.86?7.66) for group A and group B respectively,and was not significantly different(P=0.90).The CT volume dose index(CTDI) was 16.5 mGy and 410.55?0.94mGy for group A and group B respectively,and was significantly different(P

The long-term use of benzimidazoles for the treatment of echinococcosis may cause multiple adverse reactions and low compliance. A search for novel agents, as an alternative of benzimidazoles, is therefore of great significance for the treatment of echinococcosis. This review focuses on the progress of researches on non-benzimidazoles for the clinical treatment of echinococcosis, including anti-parasitic agents, anti-proliferative agents and plant extracts, so as to provide insights into the further development of non-benzimidazoles.

Objective:To observe the effect of syndrome differentiation and treatment with Wandaitang on symptoms, quality of life and function of immunologic after operation of endometrial carcinoma (EC), in order to discuss the mechanism of action according to regulation of microenvironment of EC. Method:The 109 patients were divided into control group (54 cases) and observation group (55 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy according to different stages after operation. Patients in observation group were additionally given syndrome differentiation and treatment with Wandaitang, 1 dose/day. And a course of treatment was 3 months. Before and after treatment, symptoms, sign, functional assessment of cancer therapy-general (FACT-G) were scored. And levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺), natural killer cell (NK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-10 were detected. Result:After treatment, the scores of symptoms, signs and total scores of the patients in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01).The scores of each dimension and total score of FACT-G scale in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.01). After treatment, NK, CD3 ⁺, CD4 ⁺ and CD4 ⁺/CD8 ⁺ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.01),lower than the control group(P<0.01). After treatment, the serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β, IGF-1, IL-17 and IL-10 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. Conclusion:Wandaitang can ameliorate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life of patients and immune function of organism, regulate multiple cytokines, change the tumor microenvironment of endometrial carcinoma.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨紫甘薯花色苷（purple sweet potato anthocyanin, PSPA）是否通过circ_0003998/miR-145轴调控乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。方法：选用乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞，将其分为对照组，200、400和800 μg/ml PSPA组，pcDNA组、pcDNA-circ_0003998组、si-NC组、si-circ_0003998组、si-circ_0003998+anti-miR-145组、PSPA+pcDNA组、PSPA+pcDNA-circ_0003998组和PSPA+anti-miR-145组。用qPCR法检测细胞中circ_0003998和miR-145的表达，CCK-8法、Transwell小室法分别检测转染前后细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力，WB法检测细胞中Ki-67、MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白的表达。用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证circ_0003998与miR-145的靶向关系。结果：与对照组比较，各剂量PSPA组MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖抑制率、miR-145表达水平均显著升高（均P<0.01），Ki-67、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白和circ_0003998的表达水平、细胞迁移和侵袭细胞数均显著降低（均P<0.01），并呈现浓度依赖性。circ_0003998可以靶向负调控miR-145的表达。敲减circ_0003998后，MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖抑制率、miR-145表达水平显著升高，Ki-67、MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白表达水平、细胞迁移和侵袭细胞数均显著减少（均P<0.01）。共转染si-circ_0003998和anti-miR-145则可逆转敲减circ_0003998表达对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用，过表达circ_0003998或抑制miR-145表达可逆转PSPA对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。结论：PSPA通过circ_0003998/miR-145轴抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。

Aim To study the effect of Rubus irritans Focke extract on adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and to further explore the potential mechanism of Rubus irritans Focke on adipocyte metabolism, so as to provide a new basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods Rubus irritans Focke extract was separated and prepared by MCI medium pressure chromatographic column. MTT method was used to detect cell proliferation, and oil red 0 staining and kit test was used to to detect the level of lipid accumulation. Western blot was employed to detect the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ¦y (PPAR7), CCAAT enhancer binding protein a (C/ EBPa), adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) protein. Results When the concentration of Rubus irritans Focke extract was less than 100 mg •L

Objective To investigate the relationship of fasting serum FFA composition with central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, levels of serum zinc and age, gender-related differences. Methods Serum FFA were determined by high performance liquid chromatogram in 232 commuity|based subjects aged between 35 and 55 years: 109 hypertensives, 123 normotensives. Results Multivariate stepwise linear regression models and correlation analysis showed that serum FFA composition (including levels of n3PUFA, P/S ratio, C20:5/C18:3, C22:6/C20:5 and C20:4/C18:2 ratio) were linearly correlated with waist/ hip ratio, insulin sensitivity index, levels of serum zinc and related to the habit of diet (all P

OBJECTIVE： To establish the qualitative and quantitative control method of Tibetan medicine Thlaspi semen. METHODS： TLC and HPLC method were used to identify and determine flavonoids isovitexin， swertisin and glucosinolates sinigrin from 15 batches of T. semen. The stationary phases identified by TLC of flavonoids and glucosinolates were polyamide film and high performance silica gel GF254. The developing agents were trichloromethane-methanol-glacial acetic acid （11 ∶ 1 ∶ 1，V/V/V） and ethyl acetate-methanol- triethylamine （4 ∶ 5 ∶ 0.5，V/V/V）. In chromatogram condition of content determination of isovitexin and swertisin， the separation was performed on CAPCELL PAK MGⅡ C18 column with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.4％ glacial acetic acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 336 nm. In chromatogram condition of content determination of sinigrin， the separation was performed on CAPCELL PAK MGⅡ C18 column with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate （15 ∶ 85，V/V，pH 6） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 227 nm. RESULTS： In TLC identification chromatogram， spots corresponding to isovitexin， swertisin and sinigrin control were detected in test samples. The linear ranges of isovitexin， swertisin and sinigrin were 1.26-79.00， 1.21-75.38， 12.80-640.00 μg/mL， respectively （all r≥0.999 5）. The limits of detection （LODs） were 0.09， 0.12， 0.15 μg/mL， and limits of quantitation （LOQs） were 0.39， 0.43， 0.54 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％（n＝6）. The recoveries were 99.1％， 97.0％ and 98.1％， and RSDs were 1.9％， 1.8％， 1.8％（n＝6），respectively. The contents of isovitexin， swertisin and sinigrin in 15 batches of T. semen were 0.013-0.090， 0.020-0.130 and 18.92-40.75 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： Established quality control method is simple， reproducible and stable， and can be used for the quality control of Tibetan medicine T. semen.