Aim To explore the potential mechanism of Bawei Chenxiang powder against ischemie heart disease (IHD) through mitophagy based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and verification in vitro. Methods The targets of serum constituents of Bawei Chenxiang powder were mined by Swiss target predic-tion, and then the targets related to IHD and mitophagy were selected from Genecards, NCBI and OMIM data-bases to obtain the intersection targets of the three as the potential targets of Bawei Chenxiang powder for the treatment of IHD through mitophagy. Then the "ingre-dients-disease-potential target " network and " protein-protein interaction" (PPI) network were constructed to perform network analysis in order to screen the key ac-tive ingredients and core targets, using Autodock vina software for molecular docking operation. The targets CO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were analyzed by DAVID databas-es. The effeets of Bawei Chenxiang powder containing serum on celi viability, levels expressions mitophagy and key signaling pathway related protein in H9C2 cells were investigated by hypoxia-induced injury of H9c2 myocardial cells model in vitro. Results The 9 key active compounds and 8 core targets of Bawei Chenxiang powder were screened; molecular docking showed a good binding ability of key active ingredients and core targets. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the effect of Bawei Chenxiang powder on IHD through mitophagy was related to EGFR, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, FoxO signaling pathway, etc. Celi ex-periments showed that Bawei Chenxiang powder containing serum treatment could significantly improve the survival rate by hypoxia-induced injury in H9c2, the expression of LC3II and p62 were significantly down-regulated, and the expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT were significantly up-regulated. Conclu-sions Bawei Chenxiang powder plays an anti-IHD role by regulating mitophagy, which may be involved in AKT1, STAT3, MAPK3 and EGFR and other targets, through quercetin, Kaempferol, Naringenin and De-hydrodiisoeugenol as well as other components. Its mechanism may be related to improving PI3K-AKT pathway.

ObjectiveUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to analyze the chemical constituents in the aerial part and roots of Gentiana straminea from different areas of Qinghai province， and the main chromatographic peaks and differential components of different parts were identified. MethodThe chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution （0-1 min， 1%-13%B； 1-5 min， 13%-18%B； 5-7 min， 18%-50%B； 7-9.5 min， 50%-60%B； 9.5-11 min， 60%-99%B； 11-14 min； 99%B； 14-15 min， 99%-1%B； 15-16 min， 1%B）， the column temperature at 40 ℃， and the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1. Electrospray ionization （ESI） and negative ion full scan mode were selected for the mass spectrometric conditions to analyze the samples， and the detection range was m/z 50-1 200. Chemical constituents of the aerial part were qualitatively analyzed with the reference substances， literature information and ChemSpider. Principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to analyze the classification trend， correlation and differential chemical components between aerial part and roots of G. straminea. ResultA total of 68 components， including 24 iridoids， 13 flavonoids， 8 triterpenoids， 6 xanthones， 5 fatty acids， 4 saccharides， 3 phenolic glycosides， 2 alkaloids， 2 sterols and 1 lignan， were preliminarily identified from the aerial part of G. straminea. Among them， 42 components were firstly reported in 4 Gentiana species included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Eight differential components were screened out， namely sucrose， maltotriose， loganic acid， shanzhiside methyl ester， 6′-O-β-D-glucosylgentiopicroside， swertiamarin， gentiopicrin and isovitexin. ConclusionThe aerial part of G. straminea is rich in chemical constituents and has good medicinal potential. There were significant differences in the chemical components between the aerial part and roots of G. straminea， and the main differential components were iridoids， which could provide a basis for exploring efficacy differences in different parts of G. straminea.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in CD4⁺T lymphocyte (CD4 cells) levels and influencing factors in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) before and after highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Xining City, Qinghai Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating corresponding follow-up intervention strategies. MethodsFrom February to July, 2023, 468 HIV/AIDS patients who received HAART in Xining, Qinghai Province were selected using a convenient sampling method for a questionnaire survey. Venous blood was collected and CD4 cell levels were detected by flow cytometry. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test, analysis of variance and χ²⁃test, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the level of CD4 cells and its main influencing factors in HIV/AIDS population after HAART. ResultsUnivariate analysis showed significant differences in baseline CD4 cell levels among people of different ages, nationalities, residential types and annual income (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the most recent CD4 cell levels among people of different nationalities, different marital statuses, with or without regular physical exercise, with or without hypertension, different baseline CD4 cell count, different years since HIV diagnosis, different years of HAART treatment, and different treatment programs (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the baseline CD4 cell count was 350‒499 (t=7.40) and ≥500 (t=6.69), the number of years of HAART treatment was 5‒9 (t=3.59) and ≥10 (t=4.54), the number of years of HIV diagnosis was ≥10 (t=-2.58), the number of people receiving second-line treatment (t=-2.49) and the latest CD4 cell levels after HAART were statistically correlated (P<0.05). ConclusionThe CD4 cell levels of HIV/AIDS population in Xining city of Qinghai Province are affected by many factors. Comprehensive health intervention should be carried out for this population, the implementation of early detection and treatment strategy should be strengthened, relevant physiological and biochemical indicators should be monitored regularly, and health education should be carried out, so as to encourage this population group to choose a healthy lifestyle, improving their quality of life from multiple dimensions.

Objective To analyze deflection and forces of needle insertion and improve the inserting accuracy. Methods The measuring equipment was constructed with industrial camera, stepping motor and light source. The experiment of needle insertion into soft tissues was conducted with puncture needles having different diameters (1.3, 0.9, 0.6 mm), and the inserting forces at different puncture speeds (5, 10 and 15 mm/s) were measured by the force sensor. The needle deflection was obtained by digital image processing method. Based on the analysis of needle inserting forces, a projecting beam model was structured to predict the needle deflection. Results The deflections of puncture needles with diameters of 1.3 and 0.6 mm at puncture speed of 5 mm/s were predicted by using the projecting beam model. The absolute error was less than 0.5 mm, and the relative error was less than 10%. Conclusions The proposed model can predict the needle deflection effectively, which will provide references for the robot-assisted needle insertion.

Hepatic cystic echinococcosis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by the infection with the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus in human or animal liver tissues. As a chronic active infectious disease, tuberculous empyema mainly invades the pleural space and then causes visceral and parietal pleura thickening. It is rare to present comorbidity for hepatic cystic echinococcosis and tuberculous empyema. This case report presents a case of hepatic cystic echinococcosis complicated with tuberculous empyema misdiagnosed as hepatic and pulmonary cystic echinococcosis, aiming to improve clinicians’ ability to distinguish this disorder.

Objective To analyze the imaging manifestations of 79 cases of hepatic echinococcosis retrospectively, so as to provide evidences for improving the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease. Methods Seventy-nine patients with hepatic echinococcosis who underwent imaging examinations and pathologic confirmation in Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital from 2014 to 2017 were chosen as the investigation objects, and the data of their medical records and imaging manifestations were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 79 cases of hepatic echinococcosis, 57 were suffered from cystic echinococcosis (CE) and 22 were suffered from alveolar echinococcosis (AE) . Among the patients with CE, those in single cystic type, multiple cysts type, internal capsule collapse type, solid type, and calcification type were 21, 16, 9, 4 cases and 7 cases respectively. The imaging signs of 62 cases were common. The image of the single cystic type was characterized by intrahepatic cystic water-like lesions, the cystic wall was thin and uniform without any enhancement. The multiple cysts were characterized by "cyst in the cyst", "rose petals", and "spoke wheel". The collapse and separation of the internal capsule was manifested as "drift belt sign" and "double ring sign", the calcification of the cyst wall was curved and eggshell-shaped, the contents of the cyst were cotton-shaped or the whole lesion was calcific. The image of the patients with AE was manifested as a solid mass in the liver, the density and signal were heterogeneous, the edge was irregular and not obviously enhanced, the "small vesicles" scattered in the lesion were often accompanied by calcification, and the whole lesion showed a map appearance. The other 17 cases of hepatic echinococcosis showed complex and rare imaging features. The capsules of 6 cases of CE contained fat, the images presented single or multiple fat density nodules in the hepatic hydatid cyst, and CT value was –28 to –84 HU; in 4 cases of echinococcosis, the lesions were broken into the bile duct, the density of adjacent bile duct was increased, with bile duct wall thickening and peripheral biliary dilatation. For the 4 cases of echinococcosis combined with primary liver cancer, the imaging manifestations of the hepatic cysts presented solid-mass enhancement, with "fast forward and fast out" performance. For the image of the 3 cases of CE with infection, the cystic wall was thickening and enhanced obviously, of these, 2 cases had gaseous shadows in the cyst, 1 patient’s cyst was complicated with infection and it invaded the abdominal wall. Conclusion The imaging manifestations of hepatic echinococcosis are varied and complicated, which need careful analysis for differential diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of CT imaging of inferior vena cava and hepatic vein in patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Methods A total of 100 patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis were given triple-phase abdominal CT scan, and the reconstructed images of the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein were obtained and compared to the real situation during the surgical operation. The reliability of the CT evaluation of the echinococcus cyst lesion invading inferior vena cava and hepatic vein was analyzed. Results The compression displacement, half-globular, no clear demarcation between the lesion and blood vessel and narrowing of the vessel detected by CT evaluation were in accordance with the real situation under the surgical sight. However, four cases of clear demarcation between the lesion and blood vessel were affirmed wrong under the surgical sight. There were three cases of over diagnosis of vascular stenosis judgments. Conclusion The CT images of hepatic vein and inferior vena cava can clearly show the relationship between the hepatic echinococcus cyst and hepatic vein and inferior vena cava.

The MAPK signaling pathway can mediate a variety of cytokines to participate in the processes of inflammation, cancer, immune disorder, and neurodegenerative diseases, and it also plays an important role in the development and progression of hepatic echinococcosis. This article reviews the structure and regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway and elaborates on the role of the MAPK signaling pathway in hepatic echinococcosis. It is pointed out that the MAPK signaling pathway can activate both the cyst and the host in hepatic echinococcosis, participate in the development and progression of the disease, and exert an impact on its treatment. Drug therapy targeting the MAPK signaling pathway is expected to become a new strategy for the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.

Based on the results of previous data mining,the mechanism of high frequency use of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of high altitude polycythemia(HAPC) was analyzed in this study by network pharmacology. The author obtained the high frequency use data on Tibetan medicine Terminalia chebula,Aucklandia lappa,Crocus sativus and Myristica fragrans for the treatment of HAPC by data mining in the previous period. The first five main active ingredients of each high frequency Tibetan medicine were screened out by reviewing comprehensive literature and TCMSP database. The potential targets of each medicine were screened by PharmMapper and Drug Bank database,and then the targets were imported into MAS 3. 0 database to obtain the corresponding path information. The KEGG database was used for path annotation and GO function enrichment analysis. Finally,Cystoscope 3. 4. 0 software was used to construct " compound-target-path" network for four high-frequency Tibetan medicines. Among them,the target points of four herbs related to HAPC were 16(T. chebula),20(A. lappa),20(C. sativus),and 15(M. fragrans). The common target points included BHMT,F2,ADH5,AKR1 C2,GSK3 B,INSR and PDE4 B,involving pathways related to T. chebula(17),A. lappa(17),C. sativus(24) and M. fragrans(14),and the common pathway was metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. The results showed that high-frequency Tibetan medicine had common pathways and targets in treating HAPC,such as T. chebula,A. lappa,C. sativus and M. fragrans.The medicines could reduce hemoglobin and enhance immunity by mediating cell proliferation and oxidative stress,exerting anti-inflammatory effects and participating in regulating blood vessels,showing therapeutic effects for HAPC. In this study,the multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of Tibetan medicine in preventing and treating HAPC was analyzed from the information level,providing a useful reference for further study of Tibetan medicine in preventing and treating plateau diseases from the multi-dimensional perspective.
Data Mining ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Polycythemia

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of serum levels of decoy receptor 3(DcR3) protein and the clinicopathologic features of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the serum levels of DcR3 in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma for analysis of its association with the patients' age, gender, clinical stages and pathological classification.

RESULTSThe patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma showed a significantly elevated serum level of DcR3 (183.43 ∓78.45 pg/m1) compared with the normal level (116.65∓97.43 pg/m1, P<0.05). The serum level of DcR3 in the patients showed close correlations with the TNM stage and pathological classification of the tumor (P<0.05) but not with the patients' age or gender (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma, a high serum level of DcR3 suggests a higher malignancy of the tumor.