The principle and technology of medical diagnostic ultrasound imaging for extended field of view (EFOV) are introduced. The EFOV imaging, which is realized through the matching, registration storing and composing of two or more original images, makes ultrasound diagnostic technicians see a panoramic image during observing a big tissue or organ, which will be very instrumental to making a correct judgment of the tissue or organ's status.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for intraperitoneal bladder rupture.Methods From January 2004 to August 2013,the clinical data and therapeutic methods of 50 patients with intraperitoneal bladder rupture were retrospectively reviewed,inclu-ding 26 cases of laparoscopic surgery and 24 cases of open surgery.The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative intestinal recovery,hospital stay,analgesic use rate and complication ratio were com-pared between the two groups.Results All surgeries were successfully performed.There were significant differences in intraoperative blood loss [(54.24 ±5.38)ml vs(89.35 ±12.17)ml],intestinal recovery time [(23.24 ±2.39)h vs(38.42 ±6.98)h],hospital stay [(4.64 ±1.42)d vs(7.04 ±1.29)d]and analgesic use rate [38.64%(10 /26)vs 75.00%(18 /24)]between laparoscopy group and open surgery group,respectively(P <0.05 ).No significant differences in operative time [(56.12 ±8.53 )min vs (64.48 ±13.21)min]and incidence of postoperative complication [7.69%(2 /26)vs 8.33%(2 /24)] were observed between laparoscopy group and open surgery group,respectively(P >0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic treatment of intraperitoneal bladder rupture has the advantages of mini-invasion and rapid re-covery compared with traditional open surgery.

Objective To investigate the significance of pulse indicating the continuous cardiac output (PICCO) technique in patients with post-trauma capillary leak syndrome (PTCLS). Methods Twenty traumatic patients with PTCLS received PICCO monitor from 2011 to 2014 were enrolled in this study. analyzed, The patients, with twelve males and eight females, aged from twenty three to fifty. And twenty patients in the control group, with ten males and ten females, aged from twenty one to fifty two. Twenty six patients were injuried by traffic, ten patients were injuried by crash and four patients were injuried by sword. No significant differences were found in age、gender、weight、scores of ISS、Murray and APACHEⅡof all patients. All patients were survived. The balance of fluids, Lactate, Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and the mean artery pressure (MAP) were compared at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after entering into the ICU. The duration of ICU stay and ventilation were also compared. Results (1)No significant differences in MAP、Lac and ScvO2 were observed in two groups. (2)No significant differences in the balance of fluids when patients entered into ICU, but significant differences were found at 24, 48 and 72 h post-entering into ICU (P < 0.05). (3)Significant differences in the duration of ICU stay and ventilation between the two groups were observed (P < 0.05). Conclusion PICCO technique can provid a quantitative target for PTCLS patients, with decreasing fluid infusion, and reducing the duration of ICU stay and ventilation.

Objective To investigate the changes of the serum vascular adhesion protein-1(VAP-1)and high sensitivity C reac-tive protein(hs-CRP) in diabetic nephropathy(DN) and the effects in the development of diabetic nephropathy .Methods 40 cases of DN were enrolled as the DN group ,39 cases of type 2 diabetic mellitus were enrolled as the T2DM group ,and 46 cases of healthy persons were enrolled as the control group .The levels of the serum VAP-1 and hs-CRP were tested by ELISA ,the blood glucose (Glu) was tested by autochemistry analyzer and the concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin A-1(GHbA-1) was tested by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) .All the resoults were compared with that of the control group .Results the differences of the levels of VAP-1 ,hs-CRP ,Glu ,GHbA-1 in different groups were ststisticlly significant (P<0 .05) ,the levels of VAP-1 and hs-CRP were higher in DN group than that of T2DM group and the control group ,and the level of hs CRP was higher in T2DM group than that of control group .The positive correlation was found in T2DM group between VAP-1 with hs-CRP and Glu(r=0 .568 ,0 .755 ,P<0 .05 ,0 .01) ,hs-CRP with Glu and GHbA-1(r= 0 .886 ,0 .475 ,P< 0 .01 ,0 .05) ,and Glu with GHbA-1(r=0 .471 ,P<0 .05) .In DN group ,the level of VAP-1 has positive correlation with the levels of hs-CRP ,GHbA-1 ,Glu(r= 0 .521 , 0 .830 ,0 .454 ,P<0 .05 ,0 .01 ,0 .05) ,the levels of hs-CRP has positive correlation with that of Glu (r=0 .690 ,P<0 .001) .Conclu-sion the changes of the levels of Glu and GHbA-1 in patients with T2DM could affect the increase of VAP-1 and hs CRP ,high content of VAP-1 could cause microangiopathy and renal function damage .Antagonist therapy of VAP-1 is important for the pre-vention of the DM complication .

Resveratrol synthase (RS) plays a key role in resveratrol (Res) biosynthesis. RS gene has been formerly reported to be transformed into many plant species and microorganisms, and to play certain roles in metabolic and regulation processes. In this paper, the transformations of RS gene in plants, and the related changes of biological properties, such as metabolites, anti-pathogen activities, anti-radical properties, and developmental characters in transgenic plants, as well as the production of resveratrol in microbes by utilizing RS gene were summarized. Moreover, the application prospects of RS gene in bioengineering were also addressed.
Acyltransferases ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; enzymology ; genetics ; Stilbenes ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the effect of carbon fiber couch on dose distribution of radiotherapy planning and verification pass rate.Methods Establishing the carbon fiber treatment couch model in Pinnacle8.0m Treatment Planning system (TPS),and then this model was used to correct dose calculations of oblique fields in the treatment plans of 10 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,10 cases of breast cancer and 10 cases of lung cancer and evaluate the effect of carbon fiber couch on the whole dose distribution of the plans.Then these plans were measured by three-dimensional dose verification equipment Delta4 to confirm the improvement extent of Gamma pass rate after considering the carbon fiber treatment couch.Results For the majority of plans,when the carbon fiber couch was taken into consideration,the target doses was significantly reduced (4772 cGy-7266 cGy vs.4859 cGy-7347 cGy,P=0.000-0.002) and the relative deviation of D95 was 1％ to 3％.Measurement results of Delta4 showed that Gamma pass rate (3 mm/3％ criteria) increased in all plans (96.4％-98.8％ vs.93.4％-97.3％,P =0.000),some of that were up to 5 percentage when the couch model was applied.Conclusions Target doses will be overestimated if the treatment couch is ignored in TPS measurement.,However it should arouse enough attention when the disease with smaller doses corresponding gradient.

BACKGROUND:Previously, serious thoracolumbar burst fractures with spinal cord injury were mainly treated by anterior surgery. The superiority of conventional posterior repair lies in strong reduction and fixation effects. However, it is difficult to fuly decompression. The anterior and central cylinders of the injured vertebra cannot receive good reconstruction. Loss of correction and internal fixation failure always appear. It remains controversial which repair method is more ideal. OBJECTIVE:To comparatively analyze the effect of posterior and anterior approaches with subtotal vertebrectomy, decompression, reconstruction of spine, and internal fixation for patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. METHODS: The data of 42 patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture treated by anterior and posterior approaches with subtotal vertebrectomy, decompression, and reconstruction of spine from May 2006 to December 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to the surgical procedures: anterior approach group (n=23) and posterior approach group (n=19). They were folowed up for at least 24 months. Repair results and imaging results were compared in patients of both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:None patients in the two groups affected fixator loosing or breakage, and obtained good bone fusion. The intraoperative blood loss was more and operative time was longer in the anterior approach group than in the posterior approach group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). The pulmonary function was significantly better in the posterior approach group than in the anterior approach group (P < 0.05). Visual Analog Scale score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for back pain and Frankel classification were significantly improved during final folow-up compared with pre-treatment in both groups, but no significant difference was found between groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference in the anterior vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb angle was detected before treatment, at 1 week after treatment and during final folow-up (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the anterior approach group than in the posterior approach group (P < 0.05). These findings confirm that subtotal vertebrectomy through anterior approach and posterior approach can effectively repair thoracolumbar burst fractures. However, the complications of posterior approach are less, and posterior approach has few impacts on the pulmonary function, is safe, and has good biocompatibility with the host.

Objective To investigate the changes in expression of hippocampal neuronal gap function protein connexin 36 (Cx36) induced by postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats.Methods Ninety male SD rats aged 20 months weighing 500-600 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =30 each):group normal control (group C); group sham operation (group S) and group POCD.POCD was induced by splenectomy.Cognitive function was assessed by using open field test and maze test on the 1st,3rd and 7th day after operation (T1,T2,T3 ).The ultrastructure of gap junction in the CA1 region of hippocampas was examined with thin-section transmission electron microscope.The expression of Cx36 was detected by immuno-histochemical method.Results POCD significantly decreased the number of grid cross,the rearing and correct responses and increased the time the animab spent in the central square and total reaction time at T1 in group POCD as compared with group C.Cx36 expression was significantly decreased at T1 in group POCD as compared with group C.The ultrastructure of gap junctions underwent significant change at T1 in group POCD.Conclusion Hippocampal neuronal Cx36 may be involved in the cognitive dysfunction after splenectomy in aged rats.

Three dimensional electrical impedance tomography (3D-EIT) became an important branch of EIT recently. It is important to research imaging and image quality evaluation methods for single targets of different positions and multi-targets in 3D field. Using finite element subdivision method, 3D-EIT field was dispersed into cube unit in the present study for models with single target located in the center of field, middle of field, and near to the edge, respectively. For models with two targets and four targets near to the field edge, Tikhonov-Noser algorithm was adopted in image reconstruction. Imaging error function ER and structure similarity degree function SSIM were introduced to evaluate the reconstructed images. For the models with signal target, with the movement of the target from the center to the edge of the field, the value of ER increased and SSIM decreased, and reconstruction quality decreased. For the models with multi-targets near to the field edge, ER and SSIM increased and decreased respectively with the increase of target number, mage quality also decreased. Tikhonov-Noser algorithm is an effective 3D-EIT algorithm. ER and SSIM are adaptive for the characteristic of 3D-EIT images, and it can quantitatively evaluate the 3D-EIT imaging effect from the two perspective of imaging error and structure quality.
Algorithms ; Electric Impedance ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Tomography

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of colour doppler in guiding the percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) for Staghom calculi.Methods The clinical records of 46 patients with renal calculi who underwent PCNL were retrospectively analyzed.Patients' mean age was 43 years old,and the range of diameter of stone was 3.0 -7.5 cm.Among these cases,29 cases had complete staghorn calculus.One case had isolated kidney stone.And the other 6 patients had open surgery history.Using Colour Doppler guidance,the percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi was conducted.Results F22 percutaneous channel was successfully established in 55 sides of 46 patients,with the first and the second phase surgeries of 41 and 14 sides respectively.Single-,double- and three-channel PCNL were performed in 38,16,and 1 sides respectively.Abdominal x-ray conducted at 3 -4 days post operation revealed residual stones on 18 sides,with the range of 0.4 -2.0 cm in diameter.Second-phase lithotripsy was conducted on 14 sides of patients.After the first and the second phases of surgery,4 sides having residual stones ranging 0.6 - 1.0 cm,underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.Ater the third-phase surgery,the diameters of residual stones were much less than 0.5 cm and patients were treated with medication.The total rate of clearance was 87.0％ (48/55).The duration of surgery was 65 - 160 minutes and 95 minutes on average.One patient having delayed bleeding was cured with selective renal artery embolization.There were no complications such as nephrectomy,deaths,pleural or intestinal damage during the period of study.Patients were followed up for 3 to 18 months.Six of 9 patients with renal insufficiency recovered after surgery.The serum creatinine in the remaining 3 patients ranged 185 -220 μmol/L Conclusion Colour Doppler-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi is safe and effective.