Cytokine(CK)is a kind of low molecular weight solu-ble protein induced by immunogen,mitogen and other irritant a-gents,and is used widely in the field of diseases.Recently,a series of cytokines with anti-diabetic function such as fibroblast growth factors,adipocytokines,intestinal cytokines,epidermal growth factor were subsequently reported.Anti-diabetic drugs of cytokine have been paid much more attention to due to their less adverse reactions,the success of these researches will provide more ways for the treatment of diabetes.This article summarizes the progress in the research and development of anti-diabetic drugs of cell factor.

Aim To study the protective effects of SEP on the hypertrophic myocardial cells induced with high glucose and high insulin and the mechanism. Methods The protein content was assayed with Lowrys meth-od;the cardiomyocytes area was measured by computer photograph analysis system;the expression of ANF and PPAR-α was determined by RT-PCR;APS was select-ed as control drug. Results Compared with conctrol group,the protein content,cardiomyocytes area and the expression of ANF and PPAR-α of high glucose and high insulin group were significantly increased. Com-pared with conctrol group,the SEP of different dosages were able to decrease the protein content, area, the expression of ANF mRNA and PPAR-α mRNA of cul-tured hypertrophic myocadial cells induced with high glucose and high insulin. Conclusion SEP can pre-vent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glu-cose and high insulin, which is related to its inhibition on PPAR-α signaling path.

Objective To explore the expression of Excision repair cross -completion 1 in non-small cell lung cancer and to analyze its clinical significance .Methods ERCC1 protein expression was detected by IHC method in 160 cases of non-small cell lung cancer tissue .We analyzed relationship between the ERCC 1 ex-pression and clinicopathological parameters of non -small cell lung cancer ,as well as its correlation between ER-CC1 expression and the prognosis .At the same time ,160 cases of intraoperative specimens were primarily cul-tured.The relationship between ERCC1 expression and the drug sensitivity of DDP was analyzed .Results ER-CC1 protein was mainly expressed in the nucleus .ERCC1 protein expression in lung cancer tissue showed no rela-tionship with age,gender,tumor size and pathological types .ERCC1 protein expression was associated with TNM stages and lymph node metastases .High expression of ERCC1was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in pa-tients,indicating that ERCC1 is the independent factor of NSCLC patients .MTT results showed that the positive ex-pression rate of ERCC1 in DDP sensitive groups was higher than in DDP resistant groups .Conclusion ERCC1 is an independent factor influencing the prognosis of non -small cell lung cancer ,and associated with DDP resistance .

Owing to their unique mechanism of action, marine antineoplastic compounds have been got more and more attention and the study of marine antineoplastic drugs is becoming a focus now. The development in the study of marine antineoplastic drugs was summarized in this paper.

Objective To analyze the long-term results of rituximab combined with whole brain radiotherapy and 3-dimentional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods 23 postoperative patients younger than 60 years old were treated. Whole brain radiotherapy with dose of 32.4 Gy were performed and lesions were followed by 3D-CRT with dose of 18 Gy.A dose of rituximab (375 mg/m2) was infused on day 1 (once a week for six weeks).The overall survival was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier.Results 19 patients(82.6 ％) was complete remission 3 patients (13.0 ％) was part remission,14 patients (60.9 ％) was progression-free survival was 26 months (17-34 months). The overall survival was 40 months (29-55 months). Toxicity was moderate without grade 3-4 neurotoxicity toxic events. Conclusions Radiotherapy (whole brain radiotherapy with sequential 3D-CRT)combined with rituximab seems to yield substantial long-term survival with moderate toxicity for the treatment of the younger patients with PCNSL.

Objective To evaluate the role of α2 adrenergic receptors in dexmedetomidine-induced inhibition of lipid peroxidation during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two isolated rat lungs in which the model of isolated lung perfusion was successfully established,were divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),I/R group,dexmedetomidine group (D group) and dexmedetomidine plus yohimbine group (DY group).The isolated lungs were subjected to 60 min of ischemia and apnea followed by 75 min of reperfusion and ventilation to establish the model of isolated lung I/R injury.From the beginning of reperfusion,2.3 ng/ml dexmedetomidine was added to the perfusion fluid in D group,and 2.3 ng/ml dexmedetomidine and 0.4 μg/ml yohimbine (an α2 adrenergic receptor blocker) were added to the perfusion fluid in DY group.Lung specimens were obtained immediately after the end of reperfusion for determination of the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (by using modified pyrogallol autoxidation method) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (by thiobarbituric acid method) and for examination of the pathological changes (using haematoxylin and eosin staining).Results Compared with C group,the W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly increased,and the SOD activity was decreased in I/R,D and DY groups (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly decreased,and the SOD activity was increased in D group (P＜0.05).Compared with DY group,the W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly decreased,and the SOD activity was increased in group D (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in D group as compared with I/R and DY groups.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine inhibits lipid peroxidation is related to activating α2 adrenergic receptors during lung I/R injury in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of emulsified isoflurane post-conditioning on the mitochondrial function during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats in an in vitro experiment.Methods Twenty-four SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were used in the study.After the animals were anesthetized,the lungs were removed,connected to the perfusion system and then divided into 4 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),group I/R,emulsified isoflurane post-conditioning group (group EI) and intralipid post-conditioning group (group IL).After 20 min of equilibration,the lungs were continuously perfused for 105 min in group C,and the lungs were subjected to 45 min ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion to establish the model of lung I/R injury in the other three groups.During the reperfusion period,the common perfusate was used in group I/R,the perfusate containing 1.68 mmol/L emulsified isoflurane was used in group EI,and the equal volume of perfusate containing 30％ intralipid was used in group IL.At the end of the equilibration (T0),immediately after beginning of reperfusion (T1) and at 30 and 60 min of reperfusion (T2.3),the arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2),airway resistance,pulmonary compliance and tidal volume (VT) were recorded.The right upper lobe of the lung was removed at T3 for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio).The right middle lobe of the lung was removed at T3 for pathologic examination with light microscope.The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS),NAD+ and ATP in lung tissues were detected.Results Compared with group C,the PaO2,pulmonary compliance and Vr were significantly decreased,and the airway resistance was increased at T1-3,and the W/D ratio and ROS content were increased,and NAD+ and ATP contents were decreased at T3 in I/R,EI and IL groups (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R and IL groups,the PaO2,pulmonary compliance and VT were significantly increased,and the airway resistance was decreased at T2.3,and the W/D ratio and ROS content were decreased,and NAD+ and ATP contents were increased at T3 in group EI (P＜0.05).The pathologic changes of lungs were significantly attenuated in group EI as compared with group I/R.Conclusion The mechanism by which emulsified isoflurane post-conditioning attenuates lung I/R injury is related to decrease in mitochondrial dysfunction in rats in an in vitro experiment.

We isolated and identified the bacterial pathogen in a pyogenic balanoposthitis patient and investigated the drug resistance and its mechanism of the isolate.Urethral secretions and balanus pustule liquids were collected for microscopic examination after Gram-staining and detection of mycoplasma using Mycoplasma IST 2 kit.The two samples were inoculated on Columbia blood plate,N.gonorrhoeae selective plate and chromID Candida plate for isolation.The obtained colonies were identified by VITEK 2-compact automatic bacterial detection and analysis system.Moreover,PCR was performed to detect 16S rRNA gene of N.gonorrhoeae in the samples and colonies.KB method was applied for detecting susceptibility of five common antibiotics against the isolate.The β-lactamase and extended spectrum β-lactamase confirmatory tests were used to investigate the enzyme production of the isolate as well as drug resistance-associated tetM,TEM,mefA and ermF genes in the isolate were detected by PCR.Results showed that all the clinic samples showed negative for mycoplasma.All the isolating cultivation results of urethral secretions were negative while the balanus pustule liquids provided positive isolating cultivation in the blood and selective plates.The VITEK 2-compact system and 16S rRNA-PCR revealed that the isolated strain belongs to N.gonorrhoeae.The isolate can produce β-lactamases and resist to penicillin G,ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.The tetM,TEM,mefA and ermF genes could be found in the isolate's genome.The patient's balanoposthitis is caused by infection of N.gonorrhoeae.The multidrug resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate is closely associated with its carried resistant genes.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNA-Tg).Methods This study included 63 patients with thyroid cancer or with enlarged lymph nodes during the follow-up from Aug.2010 to Jun.2012.Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was done in the 63 patients with 79 suspicious enlarged lymph nodes.Then thyroglobulin(Tg) in FNA washout fluid and serum Tg were assayed with electrochemiluminescenceimmunoassay(ECLIA).Diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and area under the ROC curve were evaluated according to 5 predetermined threshold levels:FNA-Tg/serum-Tg ＞ 1,mean + 2SD of node-negative patients,10 ng/ml,optimal operating point of ROC curve and 1000 ng/ml.Results The sensitivity value was 90.70％,90.70％,95.35％,90.70％ and 65.12％ respectively on the 5 threshold level,significantly lower than those on the threshold level of 1000 ng/ml(P ＜0.05).The specificity value was 97.22％,91.67％,72.22％,97.22％ and 100％ (P ＞0.05) on those threshold levels,significantly lower than those on the threshold level of 10 ng/ml (P ＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve was 0.940,0.912,0.838,0.940 and 0.826 respectively.There was no statistical difference(P ＞0.05).Conclusion Selecting FNA-Tg/serum-Tg ＞ 1 as a positive threshold value can be a secondary diagnosis of lymph nodes metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.