Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), which are activated by extracelluar H+, are H+-gated cation channels. At present, seven subunits of ASICs family have been identified. Numerous studies revealed that ASIC1a plays important roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity,spatial learning and memory, nociception, as well as cerebral ischemia under physiological and pathological conditions. This review concerns the latest research about ASIC1a to promote the understanding of its physiological and pathological functions.

Objective To analysis TORCH pathogens infection of women in childbearing age in Beijing area,and to explore the relationship of TORCH infection with the level of TNF-α.Methods Using ELISA detect serum IgM and IgG antibody of TOX,RV,CMV,HSV-I and HSV-II from 970 cases of women during Jan.2015 to Dec.2015.TNF-αlevels of TORCH infection and control group were also determined by ELISA,the results were analyzed.Results Of 970 women,the IgM pos-itive rates of TOX,RV,CMV,HSV-I and HSV-II were 1.65%,2.16%,4.54%,17.42% and 6.08%,respectively.The IgG positive rates of them were 3.81%,93.40%,92.47%,64.02% and 14.64% respectively.The positive rates of CMV and HSV-I IgM for women <30 years old were higher than that of ≥30 years old (χ2=4.558,4.051;P<0.05).HSV-I IgM had statistically higher infection rate in summer than other seasons (χ2=5.356,P<0.05).TNF-αlevels of TORCH IgM positive group were elevated compared with control group (t=10.219,P<0.01).Conclusion Women planning pregnancy were easier infected by TORCH in Beijing area during 2015 with specific epidemiological features.TNF-αalso plays detri-mental role during reproduction of childbearing age women.

Objective To determine pathogens and epidemiological characteristics of adults with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Beijing area.Methods During 2015,a total of 2 700 cases of ARI were sampled and detected for 9 respiratory pathogens including Legionella pneumophila type1 (LP1),mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP),qrickettsia (COX),chlamydia pneumoniae (CP),adenovirus (ADV),respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),influenza virus type A and B (INFA,IFVB) and parainfluenza viruses type1,2 and 3 (PIVs) using indirect fluorescence immunoassay.Results A total of 620 cases of ARI were tested positive with positive rate of 22.97％ (620/2 700).MP had the highest prevalence followed by LP1,INFB,COX,CP,PIVs,INFA,ADV and RSV in turn.There were 109 cases found mixed infection with the proportion of 17.58％ (109/620).Mixed infection of LP1 along with MP was the most common pattern.The highest detection rate of pathogens was observed in November,whereas the lowest in April in terms of months (x2 =31.288,P＜ 0.01).Different pathogens had distinct prevalent features.The prevalence of male was significant higher than that of female (x2 =6.402,P =0.011).As for stratificated by age,the middle-aged people had the highest infection rate (x2 =9.094,P=0.059).There was no significant difference between the out-and in-patient in terms of infection rate (x2 =0.114,P=0.736).Conclusion MP,LP1 and INFB accounted for ARI of adults in Beijing area during 2015.