Objective To probe into the treatment effect of Sibelium to hypertensive cerebral vascular lesion and its mechanism.Methods After preparing the model of renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR), we observed the changes of the arterial blood pressure, the cerebral blood velocity, and the pathology of cerebral vascular with treatment of Sibelium. Results The arterial blood pressure of the rats taking medicine 2 to 4 weeks later was lower obviously than RHR of no taking medicine at the same stage, The pathological changes of basal cerebral arteries in the rats were milder than RHR of no taking medicine after treating 4 to 6 weeks. These effects may keep 2 to 4 weeks.Conclusion At early stage of hypertension,Sibelium can reduce the arterial blood pressure of RHR, and stop the progress of cerebral vascular lesion.

Objective To investigate the expression of pro-irtilammatory mediator in peripheral blood of patients with severe sepsis treated by different therapeutic dose of high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF). Methods According to the standard of severe sepsis, 83 cases were randomly divided into three groups, A group [60 ml/(kg·h)], S group[80 ml/(kg·h)], C group[100 ml/(kg·h)], respectively. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-8 in plasma of patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before treatment and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h after treatment, and the grades of APACHEⅢ were evaluated at every time-point simultaneously. Results The grades of APACHEⅢ were lower after treatment than those before treatment (P<0.05), but the decreases between every group had no significant deviation (P>0.05). The levels of TNF-Ⅲ, IL-1, IL-8 in plasma of patients were all decreased gradually after treatment. Compared with those before treatment, the levels of TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-8 at 2, 4 and 6 h after HVHF were obviously decreased (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-8 were lightly increases at 4 and 6 h after HVHF, but they were lower that those before treatment (P<0.05). At every time-point, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-8 trended to decrease following the increase, of displacement liquid volume, the mean levels of pro-inflammatory mediator in C group were markedly reduced compared with the levels in A group (P<0.05). Conclusion HVHF can decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator in peripheral blood of patients with severe sepsis and the grades of APACHEⅢ, the more the therapeutic dose of HVHF, the lower the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator.

BACKGROUND: As a plant in valerianaceae, patrina villosa juss, which characterizes by acrid and bitter in taste and cold in nature, has been proved that its extract has effect on central inhibition.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of patrina villosa juss extract on hypoxia tolerance of mice and acknowledge whether it has dosage-dependence or not.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Pharmacological Department and Pathological Department of Gannan Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Laboratory of Scientific Research Center of Gannan Medical College from March to April 2005. A total of 100 healthy adult Kunming mice were selected in three hypoxia experiments.METHODS: ① Hypoxia tolerance experiment under normal pressure:Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice were injected intravenously with 2 μL/g saline in saline group, with 0.02 mg/g propranolol solution (10 g/L) in propranolol group, with 0.02 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.02 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, and 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, respectively. Twenty-five minutes later, mice were put into wide mouthed bottle with the volume of 250 mL and the bottle was enclosed to observe the survival time. ② Rapid decapitation experiment: Thirty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. Mice were injected intravenously with 2 μL/g saline in saline group, with 0.02 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.02 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, and 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, respectively. Twenty-five minutes later, heads of mice were cut rapidly to record the time from decapitation to the last gasp. ③ Experiment for ligating bilateral common carotid artery: Thirty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. Mice were perfused with 2 μL/g saline in saline group, with 0.01 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.01 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, and 0.015 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.015 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, respectively, once a day for 7 days in total. Seven days later, bilateral common carotid artery was ligated to observe time of respiratory arrest.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Survival time of hypoxia tolerance;② time from decapitation to the last gasp; ③ time from ligating bilateral common carotid artery to respiratory arrest.RESULTS: A total of 100 mice were involved in the final analysis. ① Survival time of hypoxia tolerance under normal pressure: Time in 0.02 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss groups was longer than that in saline group [(57.8±4.6), (76.2±4.9), (42.5±3.6) minutes, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01], but there was no significant difference from that in propranolol group (P ＞ 0.05).The higher the dosage was, the longer the survival time was. ② Gasping time of decapitation mice: Time in 0.02 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss groups was longer than that in saline group [(22.1 ±1.6),(25.3±2.2), (18.6±0.8) s, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01], and the higher the dosage was, the longer the survival time was. ③ Time of respiratory arrest: Time in 0.01 mg/g and 0.015 mg/g patrina villosa juss groups was longer than that in saline group [(123.4±25.1),(142.2±30.2), (86.0±12.8) s, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01], and the higher the dosage was, the longer the survival time was.CONCLUSION: Patrina villosa juss extract can improve symptom of myocardial hypoxia induced by cerebral hypoxia, whole-body hypoxia and increase of myocardial oxygen consumption; moreover, the higher the dosage is, the more remarkable the effect is. The mechanism is of possibility that patrina villosa juss extract can improve myocardial and cerebral oxygen consumption.

0.05).As compared with pre-treatment,The bcore of the two gromps were significantly decreased,but were more quickly decreased in group B(P0.05).Conclusions Xuebijing Zhusheye can improve curative effect and degrade the case-fatality rates in the elderly with sepsis.The possible mechanism may be associated with the decreased serum TNF?,IL-1? and IL-6 levels and the increased IL-10 levels.

BACKGROUND: Tongbiling is the modified guizhi shaoyao zhimu tang (Decoction of Cinnamon Twig, Peony and Anemarrhena) recorded in Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber. It has been used for rheumatoid arthritis(RA) for more than ten years. Here is the experimental study on effects of tongbiling on interleukin 2(IL-2) and its α-chain, IL-2Rα(CD25), to explain the mechanism of tongbiling in regulating the cellular immunity and resisting RA From the aspects of in vivo and in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of tongbiling on IL-2 in collagen introduced arthritis of rats and the influence of total base of tongbiling on expression of IL2-Rα (CD25).DESIGN: A totally randomized and controlled experimental study based on the experimental animalsSETTING: Department of Jinkui of a university and the center of organ transplantation and immunity of another university.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out from April to July 2001 in the Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The 36 Wistar rats, clean degree, male,bought from the Animal Experimental Center of Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, certificate No. 2000A050, weighted(110 ± 20) g, were divided into 6 groups with 6 in each: normal group, model group, methotrexate (MTX) high dosage group, MTX low dosage group, tongbiling high dosage group, and tongbiling small dosage group.METHODS: The experiment in vivo was done with the modeled rats of collagen-induced arthritis. The foot swelling was measured with volume method, the cells of primary synovium cultured, and the upper clear fluid of culture fluid tested with radioimmunoassay to observe the effect of tongbiling on synovial IL-2. The experiment in vitro was done in the way of separating the lymphocytes, giving extraneous stimulation with phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDB) or concanavalin A(ConA), using bicolor immunofluorescence labeling, testing with flow cytometer to observe the influence of total base of tongbiling on the expression of CD3 +, CD25 +.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The influence of tongbiling on the foot swelling and synovial IL-2 of rats with collagen-induced arthritis.RESULTS: In the experiment in vivo, the high dosage of tongbiling could relieve obviously the foot swelling, compared with MTX, there was no remarkable difference ( P ＞ 0.05) . Both high and low dosage of tongbiling could inhibit the synthesis of synovial IL-2 ( P ＜ 0.01 ). In the experiment in vitro, the total base of tongbiling could extremely inhibit the expression of CD3 +, CD25 + stimulated by ConA, but not effective for that stimulated by PDB plus ionomycin.CONCLUSION: Tongbiling can inhibit the IL-2 synthesis and the signal transduction of IL-2Rα (CD25) activated by ConA, relieving the inflammation of local joint. It provides an experimental evidence for the application of tongbiling in the treatment of RA.

AIM:To study the effect of hypertensive arteriosclerosis on cerebral blood flow autoregulation (CBFA), and to introduce a new method to measure the lower limit. METHODS:The blood velocities and blood pressure was recorded simultaneously and the curves of CBFA were analyzed and classified into classical and non-classical pattern. The lower limit were determined by clinical closing pressure (CCP) and the curve CBFA. RESULTS:When the blood pressure was decreasing, the classical and non-classical pattern of the cerebral blood flow autoregulation were 25% and 75% respectively in normal SD rats, while they were 40.55% and 54.45% respectively in renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR). However, when the blood pressure was elevating, the classical and non-classical pattern were 76.47% and 23.53% respectively in SD rats, while they were all classical in RHR. Furthermore, in SD and RHR ras, the lower limits measured by CCP were well in accordance with that measured by CBFA. CONCLUSION:Hypertensive arteriosclerosis could influence the limits and the patterns of cerebral blood flow autoregulation. The lower limit of CBFA can be measured and analyzed by CCP.

Objective 　To establish a new practical method to assess the cerebral blood flow autoregulation. Methods　We assessed the flow velociey of middle cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler and recorded invasively the blood presure simultaneonsly. Then on the basis of critical closing pressure (CCP), the lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and the blood flow resistance of arterioles were calculated.The data compared with the results generated by routine method. Results　The lower limit of autoregulation working out by CCP was 70.88±24.05 mmHg, which was similar to the result measured by routine method. The lower limit of autoregulation and the arteriole resistance in RHR were significantly higher than those of normal controls, and highly relate to arterial blood pressure significantly, especially pulse pressure. Conclusions　The physiology and pathology of cerebral blood flow can be evaluated conveniently and accurately by assessment of the lower limit of autoregulation and arterioles resistance with CCP.

Objective To investigate the effect of ERK1/2 phosphorylation on the proliferation of human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) stimulated by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) Methods CCK8 was used to test the effect of AGEs with different concentration on the proliferation of HAVSMCs, and the effect of PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, on HAVSMCs proliferation stimulated by AGEs was also detected. Flow Cytometer (FCM) was used to detect the cell cycle transformation induced by AGEs. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of relative proteins. Results 10 mg/L AGEs observably facilitated the proliferation and the DNA synthesis of HAVSMCs and PD98059 (40 umol/L) markedly inhibited the proliferation and cell cycle evolution of HAVSMCs induced by AGEs. Furthermore, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and PCNA were regulated by AGEs and thus it showed time and dose dependent. Conclusion AGEs participates in the proliferation of HAVSMCs by activating ERK1/2 signal path.

AIM: To study the effect of hypertensive arteriosclerosis on cerebral blood flow autoregulation (CBFA), and to introduce a new method to measure the lower limit. METHODS: The blood velocities and blood pressure was recorded simultaneously and the curves of CBFA were analyzed and classified into classical and non-classical pattern. The lower limit were determined by clinical closing pressure (CCP) and the curve CBFA. RESULTS: When the blood pressure was decreasing, the classical and non-classical pattern of the cerebral blood flow autoregulation were 25% and 75% respectively in normal SD rats, while they were 40.55% and 54.45% respectively in renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR). However, when the blood pressure was elevating, the classical and non-classical pattern were 76.47% and 23.53% respectively in SD rats, while they were all classical in RHR. Furthermore, in SD and RHR ras, the lower limits measured by CCP were well in accordance with that measured by CBFA. CONCLUSION: Hypertensive arteriosclerosis could influence the limits and the patterns of cerebral blood flow autoregulation. The lower limit of CBFA can be measured and analyzed by CCP.

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics,and outcomes of patients with heart failure with different left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF).Methods A total of 1 182 hospitalized patients with heart failure (HF) were enrolled and retrospectively studied in the present study.The patients were stratified by LVEF as reduced (HFrEF,LVEF ＜ 40％,n =313),mid-range (HFmrEF,40％ ≤ LVEF ＜50％,n =287) and preserved (HFpEF,LVEF≥50％,n =582) ejection fraction groups.Among the 1 182 cases,941 of them (81.3％,84.9％,and 84.0％ inHFrEF,HFmrEF and HFpEF groups,respectively) were followed up for an median duration of 27.3 months.Results (1) Among the study patients,26.5％ were in HFrEF,24.3％ in HFmrEF,and 49.2％ in HFpEF groups.(2) Ischemic heart disease with HFmrEF was more frequent than that in patients with HFrEF.The average age,percentage of female subjects,systolic blood pressure,uric acid,N terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP),hemoglobin,and the incidence of hypertensive heart disease,anemia,atrial fibrillation in patients with HFmrEF were higher than those in patients with HFrEF,but lower than those in patients with HFpEF (all P ＜0.01).(3) The all-cause cumulative mortality was 10.8％ at 1 year,20.6％ at 2 years and 35.9％ at 5 years.No difference was observed in the all-cause cumulative mortality at 1 year,2 years,5 years among the three groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The HFmrEF patients,as a new and distinct group,were with many intermediate characteristics compared with HFrEF and HFpEF subjects.However,the all-cause mortality was not significantly differeut among HF patients with different LVEF.