OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Cornus officinalis polysaccharide on learning and memory ability of vascular dementia (VD) model rats and its mechanism. METHODS:30 rats were randomly divided into sham operation (normal saline) group,model(normal saline)group and C. officinalis polysaccharide(0.28 g/kg)group. Except sham operation group,VD model was induced in other groups and given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day. After 4 weeks,the frequency of leaping over original platform position,water maze mean escape latencies,platform retention time and average swimming distance were detect-ed,and the mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 in hippo-campal tissue of rats were determined. RESULTS:Compared with sham operation group,learning and memory ability of rats in model group weakened,manifesting as the frequency of leaping over original platform position decreased,water maze mean escape latencies prolonged,platform retention time shortened,average swimming distance extended(P<0.05);mRNA and protein expres-sion of BDNF and Bcl-2 in hippocampus decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group,learning and memory ability of rats in C. officinalis polysaccharide group increased,manifesting as the frequency of leaping over original platform posi-tion increased,water maze mean escape latencies shortened,platform retention time prolonged,average swimming distance short-ened(P<0.05);mRNA and protein expression of BDNF and Bcl-2 in hippocampus was enhanced significantly(P<0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:C. officinalis polysaccharide can improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats,and its mechanism may be asso-ciated with the expression up-regulation of BDNF and Bcl-2 in hippocampus.

Objective To study the influences of dichloromethane extraction from crude and processed Cornus Officinalis on bone marrow cells of aging mice induced by D-galactose. Methods DNA damage of bone marrow cells of aging mice induced by D-galactose was detected by the comet assay, the expression of p53 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results The tail formation rate of model group was significantly higher than the rate of control group (P

[Objective]To investigate the means and effect of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for treating serious flexed hips caused by ankylosing spondylitis(AS). [Methods]A total of 20 male patients(28 hips) and 1 female patient(1 hip)with ankylosing spondylitis underwent THA.Eight patients had bilateral surgery.The mean age were 32.4 years(ranged 21~49 years).The disease course were 3~32 years,with the mean of 15.6 years.And the flexed deformation were 30?~95?,with the mean of 58.6,including ankylosis in 23 hips(79.3%).There were 17 patients(22 hips)in the biological prosthesis group and 4 patients(7 hips) in the cement group.The clinical results were evaluated by the Harris hip scoring system.[Results]The mean duration of follow-up were 4.5 years,all hip joints function were improved,and the postoperative Harrris Score were 83.2 versus the preoperative Harrris Score of 21.7.The serious flexed deformity of the involved hips were disappeared.The average range of motion of hip joint were 196?.The pain of the hips were disappeared almost completely and pain of lowerwaists and knees were relieved obviously.Patients got their gait right and could care themselves approximately.[Conclusion]Total hip arthroplasty is an effective treatment for serious flexed hips caused by ankylosing spondylitis.

Desmosomes with well-preserved architecture were isloated from the epidermis of bovine muzzle.The thickness of the dense plaque was about 15 nm and the width of desmoso-mal interspace 30~40 nm.The midline in the desmosomal interspace was shown as a moderately electrondense material.The component proteins of the desmosomes were analyzed with SDS-PAGE.It was found that both DP Ⅰ and DP Ⅱ consisted of 3 polypeptides and the molecular weight of DP 1 a,b and c was 235 kd,226 kd and 215kd and that of DP Ⅱ a,b and c was 206 kd,198 kd and 186 kd respectively ; and DP Ⅲ was composed of 2 polypeptides and the molecular weight of DP I a and b was 87 kd and 86 kd.The above mentioned data were different from those of other reports,while the data of the other component proteins were similar to those of others.The molecular weight of DG I was 150 kd.that of DG Ⅱ a and b was 135 kd and 118 kd,that of DG Ⅲ was probably 22 kd.and that of DP Ⅳ was 82 kd.According to our findings,it is concluded that both DP Ⅰ and DP Ⅱ consist of 3 polypeptides and DP Ⅲ of 2 polypepties.

Objective To observe the change of lipid metabolism during adaptive heart failure.Method The transverse aorta constriction mouse models established by minimal invasive surgery technique were evaluated for early small changes of body composition by EchoMRITM whole body composition analysis,and the different gene expression was analyzed by whole genome expression microarray.Results Three weeks after the surgery,the fat composition,in the mouse models were (0.49 ± 0.13) g,which was significantly lower than that in the sham surgery group [(0.81-±0.14) g] (P =0.002).The expression of the natriuretic peptide type A significantly increased over time (R2 =0.939,P =0.005).In addition,the levels of fatty acid desaturase,long-chain fatty acid elongase 5,and N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase increased,and the levels of acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase,muscle glycogen phosphorylase,and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase decreased,showing increased fat mobilization and decreased carbohydrate utilization.Conclusions Surgery for transverse aorta constriction can cause complex metablic changes in heart.The activated lipid mobilization maybe lead to the low body fat composition.

Sufficient embryos are needed for the preservation of Beagle dogs germplasm resources and the prepara-tion of gene?modified human disease animal models. Up to now, the induced ovulation technique has no effect on dogs,it is hard to obtain mature oocytes in vivo, although the scientists try a lot in many aspects, but still could not make a break?through. The in vitro maturation rate is too low to support the preservation of germplasm resources, application in gene?modified disease models and biomedical research. Aiming to provide useful information on breakthrough in dog oocytes mat?uration, this review will summarize the effect of different age and reproductive stage,different morphology and size of the oo?cytes and lipid droplet on the in vitro maturation of dog oocytes.

Objective:To study the effect of exendin-4 on weight reduction in normal rats after long-term subcutaneous injection.Methods:40 Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups and were injected subcutaneously with 0,1,5,25 ?g/kg exendin-4 for 26 weeks.Body weight,food intake,cholesterol,triglyceride,kidney fat pad weight and diameter of adipocytes were measured.Results:Body weight,kidney fat pad weight and serum tricyleride in 25?g/kg group were significantly lower than that in control group(P

Objective To prepare a completely biological hybrid scaffold for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering using porcine fibrin and decellularized canine carotid artery.MethodsPorcine fibrin was sprayed coating on the external surface of decellularized canine carotid artery to construct completely biological hybrid scaffold for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering. The completely biological hybrid scaffold was evaluated with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, scanning electron microscopy and biomechanics test.ResultsHistology examination revealed that the porcine fibrin was sprayed coating uniformly on the external surface of decellularized canine carotid artery. Scanning electron microscopy examination confirmed that the external surface of completely biological hybrid scaffold was smooth and uniformly. Compared with fresh canine carotid artery and decellularized artery, the biological hybrid scaffold had similar burst and breaking strength. Furthermore, compared with decellularized artery, the biological hybrid scaffold had higher compliance.ConclusionThe porcine fibrin was sprayed coating uniformly on the external surface of decellularized canine carotid artery to prepare a completely biological hybrid scaffold for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering. The biological hybrid scaffold had appropriate biomechanical properties and had potential to serve as scaffolds for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering.

Objective An analysis was carried out for the reports of traditional Chinese medical syndrome patterns of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients in related reports issued in the recent 35 years, thus to explore the characteristics of syndrome patterns of PsA patients and to supply evidence for the syndrome classification. Methods Electronic retrieval was performed in the reports of PsA syndrome analysis issued in the Chinese medical journals from the year of 1979 to 2013. Traditional Chinese medical syndrome information of PsA patients was extracted from the reports, and then was standardized and classified. SPSS 17.0 software was applied for the analysis of occurrence frequency of syndromes, syndrome elements, tongue and pulse states. Results A total of 84 reports were obtained, and 26 reports met the inclusion criteria. In the 26 included reports, 10 kinds of tongue texture, 15 kinds of tongue fur and 22 kinds of pulse states were present. After the standardization of the syndromes, a total of 39 syndrome patterns were obtained. After combination of the similar syndromes, 14 syndromes were included into the analysis. In the 14 included syndrome patterns, the leading 5 patterns were wind-damp heat arthralgia, wind-heat with blood dryness, excessive heat toxin, wind-cold damp arthralgia, and liver-kidney deficiency. Fourteen syndrome elements were extracted from the syndromes, and 9 were included into the analysis after combination of the similar syndrome elements. The top syndrome elements were heat, phlegm-dampness, wind, dryness, deficiency, and blood stasis. Conclusion The syndrome patterns of PsA patients are various, and the syndrome elements of cold, heat, phlegm-dampness, wind, dryness, and blood stasis play an important role in the pathogenesis of PsA.

[Objective] To observe the effects of Tongbiling (TBL) prescription in counteracting cartilage destruction in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). [Methods] Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat models were established to observe the therapeutic effects of TBL. After a short-term treatment, expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF - a) and transforming growth factor (TGF- P) in cartilage tissue of model group, methotrenxate (MTX) tablets group and Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii (RTW) preparation group were examined by immunohistochemical semi-quantitative assessment method. [ Results ] The number of chondrocytes with positive TNF - a expression was lower and the chondrocytes were stained lighter in normal group than those in model group and low-dose MTX group ( P