Objective To investigate the correlation between neuronal injury and the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD) after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats, also to study the effect of caspase-3 particular inhibitor. Methods The focal cerebral ischemia model (occluding middle cerebral artery of the rats) was made by using modified inserting thread method and reperfusion after embolizing for one hour. Using HE staining, TUNEL staining and microscopy to observe the morphological changes of ischemic neurons at six different time points including 6,12,24,48 and 72 h, using immunohistochemistry to observe the changes of caspase-3 and CAD protein in two groups (model group and interfere group). Results There was no significant difference between the two groups using HE staining and microscopy. While there was difference of TUNEL staining positive cells in all time points, except 6 h time point; Both the two groups reached the expression peak of caspase-3 in 24 h, and the number was 2. 360± 0. 318 and 0. 804 ± 0. 206 respectively(t' = 10. 039, P < 0. 01), there was statistical significance from 12 h to 48 h between the two groups ; The expression peak time of CAD protein in two groups was 48 h, and the number was 3.061 ± 0. 567 and 0. 812 ± 0. 240 respectively (t' = 8. 960, P < 0. 01), there was statistical significance from 12 to 72 h between two groups. Conclusions Caspase-3-CAD-DNA degradation is one important way of neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion of rats, caspase-3 inhibitor can protect neuron in a certain degree.

We changed the form of literature reading from simple reading and translation to comprehensive lecture,analysis,discussion and exchange under the guidance of teachers in order to promote postgraduates' capability of learning professional English and to enhance their overall quality.The new form not only improves students' English proficiency but also enhances their overall quality,such as literature quality,teaching ability,competitive consciousness,psychological quality,etc.At the same time,it is also beneficial for teachers.

Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects of nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (HFNC) and nasal canal oxygenation (NCO) during breaks off non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and to explore the feasibility of NIV combined with HFNC in the treatment of AECOPD.Methods:From August 2017 to July 2019, AECOPD patients with type Ⅱrespiratory failure (arterial blood gas pH <7.35, PaCO 2 > 50 mmHg) who were treated with NIV were randomly (random number) assigned to the HFNC group and NCO group at 1:1. The HFNC group received HFNC treatment during breaks from NIV and the NCO group received low-flow NCO during the NIV interval. The primary endpoint was the total respiratory support time. The secondary endpoints were endotracheal intubation, duration of NIV treatment and breaks from NIV, length of ICU stay, total length of hospital stay and so on. Results:Eighty-two patients were randomly assigned to the HFNC group and the NCO group. After secondary exclusion, 36 patients in the HFNC group and 37 patients in the NCO group were included in the analysis. The total respiratory support time in the HFNC group was significantly shorter than that in the NCO group [(74 ± 18) h vs. (93 ± 20) h, P = 0.042]. The total duration of NIV treatment in the HFNC group was significantly shorter than that in the NCO group [(36 ± 11) h vs. (51 ± 13) h, P=0.014]. There was no significant difference of the mean duration of single break from NIV between the two groups, but durations of break from NIV in the HFNC group were significantly longer than those in the NCO group since the third break from NIV ( P < 0.05). The intubation rates of the HFNC and NCO groups were 13.9% and 18.9%, respectively, with no significant difference ( P=0.562). The length of ICU stay in the HFNC group was (4.3 ± 1.7) days, which was shorter than that in the NCO group [(5.8 ± 2.1) days, P=0.045], but there was no significant difference in the total length of hospital stay between the two groups. Heart rate, respiratory rate, percutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure and dyspnea score during the breaks from NIV in the NCO group were significantly higher than those in the HFNC group, and the comfort score was lower than that in the HFNC group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For AECOPD patients receiving NIV, compared with NCO, HFNC during breaks from NIV can shorten respiratory support time and length of ICU stay, and improve carbon dioxide retention and dyspnea. HFNC is an ideal complement to NIV therapy in AECOPD patients.