BACKGROUND: Recent studies have proven the existence of the regeneration of central nervous tissue. But abjective results,such as lacked of neurogenesis after injury,also have been found in many experiments. The greatest difficulty in conventional brain transplantation or brain tissue transplantation has been the survival and development of the graft. Additionally,the stability of therapeutic effects and the rehabilitation of brain functions also need confirmation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate an approach to intrathecal injection of neural stem cells(NSCs) in stroke therapy,and observe therapeutic effects and side effects as well,so as to make the evaluation of the safety and feasibility.DESIGN: A confirmative before-after study based on stroke patients.SETTING: A neurology department in a municipal hospital and a microbiology and immunology department affiliated to a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: From November 2002 to September 2003,26 stroke inpatients in the Neurology Department of Anyang Municipal People' s Hospital were selected. Of all the c ases,3 were diagnosed as acute cerebral hemorrhage,and the other 23 had been suffering strokes for durations ranging from 3months to 30 years,an average of (4.2 ± 6. 6) years. They were 20 male and 6female between the ages from 36 -72 years old,an average of(56.3 ± 12.7)years old. Fifteen of them were ischemic and 11 were hemorrhagic. Nineteen were associated with hypertension,2 with coronary heart disease,4 with diabetes and 4 associated with hyperlipodemia.INTERVENTIONS: On each of the 3 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage (hematoma volume,35 - 40 mL),a microinvasive intracerebral hematoma puncture was performed,and then a suspension of NSCs were conducted to the stroke by a drainage tube. For the rest of the patients,suspensions were intrathecally administered into the subarachnoid and then flowed to the cerebral surface through cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) circulation. Afterwards,physical therapy(PT),occupational therapy (OT) and speech therapy(ST) were jointly applied to facilitate the rehabilitation of the stroke patients. Therapeutic effects was calculated according to the European stroke scale(ESS) and the Barthel Index(BI) . If ESS index went beyond or equal to 1 score,the case would be defined as effective; otherwise,it would be defined as not effective. Additionally,CT,MRI,EEG,chest x-ray,and blood biochemical variables were also measured.MAIN OUTCOMEMEASURES: Therapeutic effects and side effects were taken as main outcomemeasurements.RESULTS: Of the 23 patients who ntrathecal administration,19had positive therapeutic effect and 4 did not. Post-transplantation ESS was higher than that of pre-transplantation(54. 1 ±21.2 vs 51.4 ±21.1,t = 5.8,P = 0. 000 007 6),while post-transplantation BI also increased significantly as compared with that of pre-transplantation(41.1 ± 31.3 vs 36. 1 ± 32. 1,vasive intracerebral hematoma puncture had successful rehabilitation and regained self-care ability. Of all the patients,4 got a transitory fever and 2felt slight post-operation headache.CONCLUSION: Conclusion can be drawn from the study that stroke patients are ameliorated to various extents after neural stem cell transplantation which has no toxicity or side effects. It shows that neural stem cell transplantation is viable and feasible in improving the motor function and self-care ability in stroke patients.

Objective　To observe the therapeutic effect of combined use of anti-silicosis drugs on early silicosis of rats. Methods　Male Wistar rats were exposed to lower dose(20 mg/rat) of quartz by intr atracheal injection.In the early stage of silicosis,the experimental rats were t reated with 4 single drugs,i.e. poly-2-vinyl pyridine-nitrogen oxide(PVNO),te trandrine(TD),quinolyl-piperazine hydroxyl phosphate(QOHP),aluminium citrate(AL C ) and 3 combined drugs i.e. PVNO+TD,TD+QOHP,ALC+TD for 2 and 5 months respective ly. Results　The wet and dry weight and collagen content of w hole rat lung in all of treated groups were obviously lower than that of quartz control groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but there were no significant d ifferences between the groups of single treatment and the groups of combined tre atment (P>0.05) except some items on 150 d.Evalutaion by RSR showed th at combined use of ALC+QOHP and TD+QOHP for both 60 d and 150 d were much more e fficient than single use of drugs.Treatment with PVNO+TD for 150 d was also bett er than single use.Pathological examination showed that silicotic lesions of rat lung were much lighter in treated groups than that of quartz groups,and also li ghter 1/2～1 grade in combined use groups as compared to single use groups. Conclusion　The therapeutic effects of combined use of anti-s ilicosis drugs on early silicosis were better than those of single drugs.

Objective　To observe the therapeutic effect of combined use of anti-silicosis drugs on early silicosis of rats. Methods　Male Wistar rats were exposed to lower dose(20 mg/rat) of quartz by intr atracheal injection.In the early stage of silicosis,the experimental rats were t reated with 4 single drugs,i.e. poly-2-vinyl pyridine-nitrogen oxide(PVNO),te trandrine(TD),quinolyl-piperazine hydroxyl phosphate(QOHP),aluminium citrate(AL C ) and 3 combined drugs i.e. PVNO+TD,TD+QOHP,ALC+TD for 2 and 5 months respective ly. Results　The wet and dry weight and collagen content of w hole rat lung in all of treated groups were obviously lower than that of quartz control groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but there were no significant d ifferences between the groups of single treatment and the groups of combined tre atment (P>0.05) except some items on 150 d.Evalutaion by RSR showed th at combined use of ALC+QOHP and TD+QOHP for both 60 d and 150 d were much more e fficient than single use of drugs.Treatment with PVNO+TD for 150 d was also bett er than single use.Pathological examination showed that silicotic lesions of rat lung were much lighter in treated groups than that of quartz groups,and also li ghter 1/2～1 grade in combined use groups as compared to single use groups. Conclusion　The therapeutic effects of combined use of anti-s ilicosis drugs on early silicosis were better than those of single drugs.