Objective Investigate the different changes of host cellular immunity in patients with different infection by compa-ring peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the peripheral blood lymphocyte subset a-mong 96 patients including 31 bacterial infection cases,13 fungal infection cases and 62 virus infection cases.Results Compared with control group the ratio of CD3 + T cell was increased in virus group,and the ratio of CD4 + T was decreased in fungi and virus group and the fungus is lower than the virus group,while the ratio of CD8 + T cell was increased in the two groups,and fungi group is higher than the virus,CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in the two groups were reduced.Three groups of NK cells (of CD16 + CD56 + )ratio was reduced to some extent,and bacteria group was lower than that of other two groups.The ratio of B cell was increased in Bacteria group and it was more obvious in the G+ bacteria.NK cells in G+ bacteria and G- bacteria group were relatively lower than control group,but the difference between the two groups was not significance.In virus infection cases,the ratio of CD3 + T in HBV group was higher than that of dengue fever group.And the ratio of CD3 + and NK cells were increased in the two groups.The ratio of CD4 + was decreased in dengue fever group.Conclusion Detection of lymphocyte subset can objectively reflect and help to under-stand the state of the immune function of patients with infectious diseases,providing laboratory basis for the diagnosis and preven-tion in order to reduce the infectious risk and side effect.

Objective To study the effects of the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor of AGEs (RAGE) on apoptosis of mice podocytes. Methods Podocytes were exposed to soluble AGEs such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), carboxymethyl-lysin (CML)-BSA, AGE-BSA and matrix-bound AGEs (AGE-modified collagen Ⅳ ), and to different concentrations of AGE, such as 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used for the quantification of apoptotic andnecrotic podocytes after Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) labeling. Apoptosis was described as the ratio of apoptotic cells to the total number cells under the high-power field, siRNA was transfected into podocytes through combining Dharmacon on Targetplus SMART pool siRNA reagents and Amaxa RNAi nucleofection kit. Results The apoptosis rate was higher in podoeytes exposed to either CML-BSA or AGE-BSA than that exposed to BSA. There was a two- to three-fold increase in apoptosis when podocytes were cultured in AGE-modified collagen Ⅳ as compared with native collagen Ⅳ. The apoptotic response of podocytes to AGE-BSA exposure occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Podocyte necrosis occurred only at the highest concentration of AGE-BSA(100 mg/L). AGE-BSA failed to induce apoptosis in podocytes transfected with RAGE siRNA. RAGE-specific gene knockdown did not significantly reduce the apoptosis of podocytes cultured in AGE-modified collagen IV. Conclusions The AGE-RAGE interaction plays a major role in the apoptosis of podocytes triggered by soluble AGEs, but not by matrix-bound AGEs. Reduction of AGE burden and RAGE expression may be important therapeutic approaches to prevent the progression of kidney disease.

Objective To investigate the outcomes of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) under morphine-fentanyl combined anesthesia. MethodsSeventy-two patients aged 41-64 yr undergoing OPCABG were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 36 each): Ⅰ group morphine + fentanyl (group MF) and Ⅱ group fentanyl (group F). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, etomidate, and vecuronium.Fentanyl 10-20 μg/kg was given iv when needed. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintsined with inhalation of 0.5%-2.0% isoflurane and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium in both groups. Morphine 0.15 mg·kg-1·h-1 + fentanyl 8 μg·kg-1·h-1 were infused during operation in group MF, while in group F fentanyl 10 μg·kg-1·h-1 was infused. Morphine 0.75 mg/h was infused in group MF or fentanyl 10 μg/h in group F for postoperative analgesia after extubation. Recovery from anesthesia was assessed using a nine point (QoR) questionnaire. Pain was measured with VAS score and sedation with Ramsay sedation score ( 1 = fully awake, 6 = asleep, no response to verbal stimulus). The postoperative complications were recorded. ResultsQoR scores were significantly higher in group MF and in group F. The incidence of postoperative febrile reaction was significantly reduced in group MF. There was no significant difference in Ramsay sedation score and other postoperative complications between the 2 groups. ConclusionMorphine-fentanyl combined anesthesia is more beneficial for the prognosis in patients undergoing OPCABG compared with fentanyl combined anesthesia.

Objective To analyze the distribution of B-cell subtypes and IgG subclasses in pa-tients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) and to investigate their potential functions in the progress of NSCLC.Methods Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the distribution of immature B cells, memory B cells and mature B cells in 25 healthy subjects and 55 patients who were at different clinical stages of NSCLC.Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay ( ELASA) was performed to measure the concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and total IgG, as well as the ratio of each IgG subclass in total IgG.Results The percentages of immature and memory B cells in CD19+B cells were positively correlated with the progress of NSCLC.The ratio of IgG4/IgG gradually increased along with the development of NSCLC, while that of the other three IgG subclasses showed no significant changes as compared with that of the control group.Conclu-sion The imbalanced distribution of B-cell subtypes and the up-regulated ratio of IgG4/IgG were closely as-sociated with the development of NSCLC.This study paved the way for further investigation on more effective immune therapy strategies targeting NSCLC.

0.05),but the efficacy index was higher in groups B and C than that in group A(P

Objective:To explore the clinical signiifcance of the protection of superior petrosal vein (SPV) in the microneurosurgery for acoustic neuroma. Methods:From January 2009 to July 2011, 149 cases of acoustic neuroma microsurgery were observed. hTe difference in hematoma in surgical area, cerebellar hematoma and cerebellar edema were compared between a SPV without protection group (SPVWP group, n=8) and a SPV protection group (SPVP group, n=141). Results:In the 149 patients with acoustic neuroma, the SPV was reserved in 141 patients. In the SPVWP group (8 patients), hematoma in the surgery area occurred in 4 patients, cerebellar edema in 5, and cerebellar hemorrhage in 3. In the SPVP group (141 patients), hematoma in the surgery area occurred in 40 patients, cerebellar edema in 56, and cerebellar hemorrhage in 12. hTere was signiifcant difference in the incidence of cerebellar hemorrhage (χ2=3.84, P=0.05), no signiifcant difference in the incidence of hematoma in the surgical area (χ2=0.646, respectively, P=0.422), and no significant difference in the incidence of cerebellar edema (χ2=0.611, P=0.434) between the SPVWP group and the SPVP group. Conclusion:In acoustic neuroma surgery, the SPV should be protected, which may reduce the risk of cerebellar hemorrhage.

At present, the clinical skills training process for ultrasound medicine professional postgraduates is still facing many problems, such as inadequate guidance from tutors, little accumulation of clinical knowledge and practice, not solid basic ultrasonic skills, imperfect assessment system, and disconnection between scientific research and clinical practice. Analyzing the cause of problems, combining with the characteristics of ultrasound medicine and our experience in the clinical skills training process, we have put forward targeted solutions, such as building a complete and efficient training team, attaching importance to rotation and cultivation of relevant clinical departments, realizing teaching objectives by different levels and stages, establishing a perfect management, supervision and assessment system, paying attention to the combination of clinical and scientific research ability, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical skills training process of ultrasound medicine.

BackgroundMouse has been used in laboratory studies as the model of ocular diseases.Electroretinogram (ERG)is a non-invasive method for primary examination to evaluate retinal function.Though flash ERG has been widely applied in the mouse ocular disease model for the functional assessment of the retinal outer layer,pattern ERG(PERG) is seldom used for inner retinal evaluation.ObjeetiveThe present experimental study was to investigate the recording parameters and method,wave characteristics of PERG and influencing factors in mouse,and to build the foundation for further research.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks old were included in this research.RETLport ( Roland Consult,Germany) was adopted for the recording of PERG.The positive needle electrode was placed in the cornea,and the reference and earth electrodes were placed under the derma in the cheek and tail.The PERG under different temporal frequencies (0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 Hz),and special frequencies (0.05,0.10,0.20 cpd) were recorded in a photopic environment,and different contrast ratio (95％ and 99％ ) of stimulator or different transmission bands ( 1-100 Hz,5-30 Hz) in the same temporal frequency and spatial frequency were regulated to analyze the influence on mouse PERG.The use of animals was in compliance to the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by the State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe latency of N1 PERG showed a negative N1wave at around 37 ms and positive P wave at about 86 ms in adult mice.The amplitude of N1-P was 2-6 μV.Different spatial frequency,temporal frequency and contrast can affect the final results,and the different temporal frequencies were statistically significant.The wave was stable and the amplitude was unaffected at 5-30 Hz transmission bands with pronounced interference (mean amplitude of N1-P waves were(3.40±0.71),(5.08±0.88),(3.21±1.54),(3.85±1.96)μV in 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 Hz,F=7.43,P=0.00).ConclusionsPERG wave from adult mouse is similar to that from human.It is a useful method in evaluating the inner retinal function.Appropriate stimulating parameters are critical for recording.

Objective: To study the distribution of Langerhans cell (LC) in oral lichen planuss (OLP). Methods: LCs in oral mucosa samples were examined with monoclonal CD1a antibody and an immunohistochemical technique(LAB method) in 35 cases of OLP and 6 cases of health control. Results: On average, in the samples of OLP the CD1a positive LCs counted under microscope in each field of 40 ? 10 were 5. 78 in epithelial cell layer and 5.43 in lamina propria, while in the samples of health control those were 0.26 and 0.18 (P

Objective To find a model of long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction by hav-ing a splenectomy operation or cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18 months,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20):splenectomy group (group A),cardiopul-monary bypass group (group B)and control group (group C).From 31 st to 35 th days after the opera-tion,the learning and memory capability of rats were observed through the Morris water maze,the Shuttle box text and Open field test.Results Compared with group C,the frequency of crossing the original platform [(5.2±2.2)times vs.(8.6±3.2)times],the times of initiative avoiding were sig-nificantly reduced [(12.3±2.7)times vs.(1 5.2±1.8)times],the latency of the initiative avoiding was significantly prolonged [(9.50±2.31 )s vs.(5.14 ± 1.43 )s],the number of standing on the back legs [(6.8±1.5)times vs.(10.2±1.7)times]and rearing were significantly reduced [(13.8± 2.6)times vs.(1 9.5±2.2)times],and the time that animals spent in the central square [(7.78 ± 1.5 1)s vs.(5.34±0.72)s]and escape latency were significantly prolonged in group B (P <0.05). Compared with group A,the time that animals spent in the central square in group B was significantly prolonged [(7.78±1.5 1)s vs.(6.06 ±1.67)s,P <0.05].Conclusion The model by having car-diopulmonary bypass operation is an ideal model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardio-vascular anesthesia,for the learning and memory capability is remarkably changed.