OBJECTIVE:To promote the rational drug use in our hospital.METHODS:The in-patient and out-patient drug use in our hospital was monitored and analyzed.RESULTS:The income from pharmaceuticals accounted for 38% of the total income in our hospital and the drug use tend to be more rational after the practice of dynamic monitoring on drug use.CONCLUSION:Dynamic monitoring on drug use played a positive role on the rational use of drugs meanwhile it brings the proportion of drug consumption under effective control.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the dissolution of puerarin and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stibene-2-O-?-D-glycoside in Xinnaokang capsules.METHODS:The contents of puerarin and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stibene-2-O-?-D-glycoside were determined by HPLC and the dissolution rates of puerarin and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stibene-2-O-?-D-glycoside in Xinnaokang capsules were determined by basket-rolling method.RESUTLS:With water as releasing media,at a rotation rate of 100 r?min-1,the dissolution rate at 45 min was above 75% of the labeled amount.CONCLUSION:The method can be used for evaluation and control of the internal quality of Xinnaokang capsules.

Objective To explore the pathologic feature of children with kidney disease.Methods A retrospective analysis on renal bio-psy findings in 246 cases of children patients.Pathological classification was made according to the modified WHO criteria of 1995 for renal pathology.Results Of the 246 children,104 cases were diagnosed as primary glomerulonephritis,accounting for 42.28% of the total cases,136 cases as secondary glomerulonephritis,accounting for 42.28%,3 cases as hereditary nephritis,accounting for 1.22%,and 3 cases as unclassified renal disease,accounting for 1.22%.In primary glomerulonephritis,66 cases were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome,23 cases as persistent glomeruloneplritis,8 cases as acute nephritis syndrome,3 cases as chronic nephritis syndrome,2 cases as isolated proteinuria,1 case as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,1 case as isolated hematuria.IgA nephropathy was the most frequent pathological type,accounting for 15.85%(39 cases),followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,minimal change disease,endocapillary proliferative glomerulinephritis,IgM nephropathy,membranous nephropathy,focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,and minor lesion nephropathy.In secondary glomerulonephritis,Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis accounting for 48.37%(119 cases),followed by hepatitis B virus associated nephritis(11 cases) and lupus nephritis(6 cases).In hereditary nephritis,there were 2 cases with thin glomerular basement disease and 1 case with Alport syndrome.Conclusions Among the 246 cases of renal biopsy data,the secondary glomerulonephritis,especially Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis,is more common than primary glomerulonephritis.In primary glomerular diseases,IgA nephropathy is the most frequent pathological type.

Objectives To study a special pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG),regional attenuation without Delta in massive cerebral ischemic infraction and evaluate its clinical value.Methods All the 47 cases diagnosed as massive cerebral infraction were continuously observed and evaluated in the period of 2004 to 2006 for EEG,short-latency somatosensory evoked potential (SLSEP).Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were also rated.EEG monitoring was performed every 1 to 3 day,but at least one time for patient with deteriorated condition.The outcome was evaluated with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS).Results 47 cases were performed 70 times of EEG all together,among whom 32 cases (68.1%) showed RAWOD in EEG.The positive rate of RAWOD was 76.9% within 24 hours of onset,but it was 28.6% in CT in the same time.The GCS and NIHSS of two groups had significant differences (P

Objective To investigate an accurate,reliable and objective method to evaluate persistent vegetative state at bedside.Methods The brain function of 34 cases with persistent vegetative state as a result of acute brain injury was evaluated,involving clinical examinations and neuroelectrophysiological evaluations(EEG,BAEP,SLSEP).Results The most common cause of brain damage was anoxic encephalopathy(30/34,88.2%).The patients were in mild,moderate or deep coma with complete or partial existence of brainstem reflection,activities distributed by cerebral nerves,voluntary extremity activities,spinal cord reflection and automatic spinal cord reflection as well as partial existence of pathologic reflection.According to the Young Criteria of EEG,64.5%(20/31)and 29.0%(9/31)of the cases were in grade Ⅰ and Ⅵ respectively,6.5%(2/31)were in grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ.According to the Cant Criteria of evoked potential,34.8%(8/23),21.7%(5/23)and 43.5%(10/23)of the cases were in gradeⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of brainstem auditory evoked potential,respectively.43.5%(10/23),4.4%(12/23) and 52.2%(12/23)were in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of short-latency somatosensory evoked potential respectively.29.4%(10/34)of 34 cases died,and 11.8%(4/34)resuscitated during 35—90 days. Conclusion Combination of multiple neuroelectrophysiological tests was an accurate,reliable and objective approach to evaluate the brain function of patients with persistent vegetative state,which provides evidence for decision-making in agrypnotic therapy.

9.0 mmol/L, and well controlled group if FPG0.05). However, in each group, the incidence rate of different algesic severity decreased with the increasing algesic severity. Conclusion EIP will occur in DM patients within a week after RCT. Well controlling of the blood glucose can reduce the incidence rate of EIP.

Objective To investigate the cognition and attitude towards the elderly family nursing among nurses and college students in Chengde, and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 1000 college students and nurses in Chengde were investigated by self-designed questionnaire about their cognition and attitude to elderly family nursing. Results Nurses' cognition and attitude towards the elderly family nursing was better than nursing college students, medical students were better than non-medical students; and there was no statistical significance about their expectation for government's senior citizen service among different groups. Conclusions More attention should be paid to family members' attitudetowards the elderly home care, and should strengthen the elderly family care through various way.

China ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; education ; Mentors ; Urology ; education

Objective To explore the effect of lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)on blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeability and its possible mechanism.Methods LPA or LPA+suramin(L+S)were stereotaxically injected into the right eaudate nucleus in SD rats in vivo.Evans blue(EB)was used to quantitatively measure the permeability of BBB at different time points.The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was detected by immunohistochemistry technique.The pathological ultrastruetural changes of BBB were assessed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The BBB permeability began to increase after LPA administered into ipsilateral eaudate nucleus,and reached the peak at 24h.Then the permeability of BBB gradually lowered after 48h.In comparison with the same time points of control group,there were quite significant differences(P＜0.01).After L+S was injected,the change of BBB permeability had differences in comparison with those of LPA group in the same time points,(P＜0.05).MMP-9 positive cells were mainly vascular endothelial cells.The numbers of MMP-9 positive blood vessels grew at 6h in LPA group,and the expression of it reached maximum at 24h,then the number of it decreased at 48h,showing significant statistical differences in comparison with the L+S group(P＜0.01),It was observed microscopically that ultrastrueture of BBB of the LPA group was changed sharply,such as basement membrane roughed and fragmented,astroeyte end-feet swolled markedly and perivaseular space enlarged obviously.But there were no remarkable changes in BBB in L+S group.Conclusion LPA can induce increase of BBB permeability and its possible mechanism is the strong expression of MMP-9 protein produeted by endothelial cells through the mediation of LPA receptor,leading to degradation of basement membrane.

Objective To study normal flora components of conjunctiva, explore the relationship between normal flora and ocu- lar bacterial infections.Methods The data of 1 198 bacterial cultures of conjunctiva in non-infectious cataract patients were re- viewed and compared with the results of 985 specimens of conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis from January 2000 to December 2004.Results Positive culture of conjunctiva in non-infectious cataract patients was 628 in 1 198 specimens (52.4%).These bacteria including gram-positive cocci and gram-neganve bacilli constituted the normal flora of conjunctiva. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant bacteria (51.1%, 341/667) and its prevalence increased during this 5-year period.S.epidermidis and S.aureus were also the most frequently isolated pathogens in specimens of conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis.The correlation was statistically significant between the positive rate in normal eye and conjunctivitis or keratitis in terms of these two species, but not statistically significant between normal eye and endophthalmitis.The resistance rate of normal flora of conjunctiva to ampicillin, amikacin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin increased year by year. The resistance rate to gentamicin and the combination of two drugs decreased.The changing resistant pattern was similar in pa- tients with eye infection.Conclusions There is a close relationship between the normal flora S.aureus and S.epidermidis of conjunctiva and the bacterial infection of ocular surface, but no significant correlation between normal flora and the pathogen of endophthalmitis.