The morbidity of diabetes has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Delayed wound healing has become a common complication in diabetes, which seriously affects the orthobiosis of patients. Exploring and finding the molecular mechanisms of diabetic wound healing and the effective therapies to promote wound healing have important clinical significances. Stem cells transplant has become a research hotspot in accelerating diabetic wound healing. This article reviewed the present approaches concerning stem cells transplant in diabetic wound healing both at domestic and abroad, and looked forward the clinical therapy of stem cells on diabetic wound healing.
Diabetes Mellitus ; therapy ; Humans ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Wound Healing

Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; pathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Adult ; Barotrauma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paint

Objective To evaluate surgical therapies in patients with popliteal aneurysms (PA).Method The clinical data of 25 PA patients admitted from January 1988 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 21 men and 4 women,the mean age was (56 ± 16)years.There were 27 PA in these 25 patients,with bilateral PA in 2 cases.The main symptoms were pulsatile mass in the popliteal fossa,limb pain,acute or chronic distal limb ischemia and limb edema.Result In this series 23out of 25 PA cases recieved operations,17 of them were treated with aneurysmectomy and saphenous vein interposition or bypass grafting,4 of them were treated with aneurysmectomy and prosthetic grafts interposition,1 was treated with aneurism ligation and 1 underwent end-to-end anastomosis after aneurysm resection.There was no perioperative mortality.One patient recieved amputation for distal anastomotic thrombosis and severe limb ischemia.The mean follow-up time is (6.5 ± 0.5) years.After 4 years,a right subclavian artery aneurysm was found in a bilateral PA case and treated surgically.Conclusions Early elective surgical treatment is recommended for patients with PA because PA may go rupture or induce dital limb ischemia and these patients may have good outcome after surgical treatment.Long-term follow-up is warranted to detect the new aneurysm formation.

Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) starts from the binding of donor specific antibody (DSA) to its target antigen on endothelium. Whether or not a circulating DSA would bind to its static target depends on the relative strength between the antigen-antibody attraction potential energy and the kinetic energy of a circulating DSA. The attraction potential energy between antigen & antibody mainly depends on affinity of antibody to its target and is relatively constant. The kinetic energy of antibody depends on its velocity. The faster it moves the higher kinetic energy it possesses (E=mV 2/2). Therefore, the primary endothelial injury has always occurred in capillary which has the lowest blood flow rate. Even though DSA moves at the lowest velocity in capillary (≤1 mm/s), compared to its size (diameter<10 nm), the relative velocity of DSA is very high, which moves a distance of 100, 000 diameter of antibody per second. It is nearly 20, 000 times over the highest relative velocity of Bolt, the world record holder in 100 meters. Therefore, it is not easy for a fast-moving DSA to bind to its static target since the attraction potential energy between antigen and antibody needs to overcome the great kinetic energy of DSA. These basic concepts of hemodynamics and the relative velocity of DSA gives us at least the following inspirations: (1)It is easier for a DSA to bind its antigen in vitro, since there is no relative motion between antigen and antibody in test tube; while it is more difficult for a fast-moving DSA to bind to its static antigen in vivo, since the attraction potential energy between antigen & antibody needs to overcome the great kinetic energy of a fast-moving DSA.(2)A cytotoxic agent usually kills its peripheral blood target with a much higher depletion efficacy than for its target in tissue, since it runs with its circulating target without relative motion, while it is more difficult for a fast-moving agent with a great kinetic energy to bind its static target in tissue.(3)Some patients remain positive for DSA for a long time without the evidence of AMR. This is possibly due to a lower attraction potential energy between antigen-antibody, or due to a higher kinetic energy of a fast-moving DSA in the circumstance without microvascular occlusion.(4)Endothelial injury, resulting from ischemia and reperfusion or others, usually cause microvascular thrombosis, which results in partial or complete occlusion of microvascular system and favors antigen-antibody interaction.(5)Based on the fact that blood flow rate can affect antibody-antigen binding, we can reasonably infer that maintaining a good microcirculation in allograft will help to prevent or treat AMR. The strategies may include prevention of leukocyte adhesion, platelet deposition, red blood cell aggregation, and reduction of blood lipid and viscosity, to have plenty of water, and to do regular exercise. These strategies are equally important for prevention or treatment of cell mediated rejection.

To obtain higher potency and specificity, a series of 7-alkoxy analogues of illudalic acid was synthesized on the base of structure-activity relationship (SAR). All of these compounds exhibited submicromolar inhibition of the enzyme when tested against human leukocyte common antigen-related phosphatase (LAR) (for example, for 15e, IC50 = 180 nmol x L(-1)). They represent the most potent small-molecule inhibitors of LAR so far. These analogues also display excellent selectivity for LAR over other protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) except for the highly homologous PTPsigma. The compound 15f is of 120-fold selectivity for LAR versus PTP-1B inhibition. The development of potent enzyme-specific inhibitors is so important that they may serve both as tools to study the role of LAR and as therapeutic agents for treatment of type II diabetes.

This study is to establish the characteristic HPLC chromatogram of phenols in Ephedrae Herba, from which to pick out the marker peaks, followed by the analysis of the regularity of their distribution and content in the herbaceous stems of Ephedra sinica, E. intermedia and E. equisetina. The HPLC-DAD method for the characteristic chromatogram as well as quantitative analysis was established. The separation was carried out on a YMC-Pack ODS-A column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm), eluted with the mobile phases as 0.01% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) in a linear gradient (0-10 min, 17% B; 10-25 min, 17%-19% B; 25- 33 min, 19%-48% B; 33-35 min, 48%-51% B; 35-44 min, 51% B). The flow rate was kept at 1.0 mL · min⁻¹. The column tem- perature was 40 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 350 nm (0-16 min) and 330 nm (16-44 min). Forty-six batches of collected samples from three official origins of Ephedrae Herba were detected, whose liquid chromatograms proven to be helpful to the differentiation of different origins. With principal component analysis and the analysis of distribution of peak area, twelve key peaks from the chromatogram were discussed in details on their contributions to the characteristics and differences of three official origins of the herb: peak area of peak 10, 11, 12 were found out to be significantly higher in E. equisetina than in other two origins, whose sum (higher than 146 mAU in E. equisetina) was useful for the discrimination between E. equisetina and the other two origins; peak area of 1 and 4 were respectively higher in E. sinica and E. intermedia than in other official origins, indicating their important effect on the differen- tiation of corresponding origins; peak 8 and 9 were picked out as two characteristic common peaks in three official origins of the herb, whose peak area showed little difference among different origins; further, peak area of other key peaks in the chromatogram also showed some difference among three origins, which make contributions to the differentiation of origins as well. Then, four phenols as 2"-O-α- L-rhamnosyl-isovitexin (1), vitexin (2), pollenitin B (5) and herbacetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (6) were quantitative analyzed with the above-mentioned method, with good linear relationship and accuracy (recoveries in a range of 97.8%-102.5%). The content of the four phenols were firstly reported in Ephedrae Herba from official origins, which were respectively trace-1.55 (1), trace-0.160 (2), trace-0.284 (5) and trace-0.620 (6) mg · g⁻¹ in all of the tested samples. In addition, the content of these phenols showed differences in three official origins, especially 1, whose content in E. sinica [(0.670 ± 0.88) mg ± g⁻¹] were significantly higher than in other two origins (lower than 0.16 mg ± g⁻¹ besides sample Ei-060630-2-2), and 6, whose average content in E. equisetina [(0.260 ± 0.039 2) mg · g⁻¹] were twice as high as in E. sinica [(0.120 ± 0.270) mg · g⁻¹] and E. intermedia [(0.136 ± 0.485) mg g⁻¹], indicating the important effects of the two constituents on the differentiation among three official origins of the herb. The method established for the characteristic HPLC chromatogram and quantitative analysis of phenols was simple and accurate, and the marker constituents selected may provide new guides for the discrimination of official origins as well as the improvement of quality criteria of EphedraeHerba.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ephedra ; chemistry ; Phenols ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of Wenfei Huayin Recipe (WHR) in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).

METHODSThe COPD model was induced by modified fumigating method and intra-tracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. Then reformed COPD model of cold-phlegm retention in Fei syndrome type. All the model rats were randomly divided into two groups, the model group and the treated group, treated respectively with WHR and saline for 14 successive days. Besides, a blank group without any intervention was set up for control. The general condition, weight growth rate, pathological changes of lung tissue under light microscope, ultrastructure under electron microscope, arterial blood gas analysis and levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in lung homogenate by radio-immunity assay were observed.

RESULTSIn the treated group, as compared with the control group, the symptoms of aversion to cold, swarming, wheezing, the degree of epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis, the inflammatory cell infiltration and the volume of cilia lodging, sloughing, and bullae of lung were lessened and weight growth rate was higher (P<0.01). Moreover, the treated group was superior to the control group in decreasing levels of PaCO2, IL-4, IL-8, TNF-alpha and increasing PaO2, IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONWHR can correct the Th1/Th2 imbalance and inhibit the inflammatory reaction, displaying an important role in improving the airway function and structure in COPD rats.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the clinical feature, diagnosis and treatment of Alstrom syndrome. Method The clinical data of a case of Alstrom syndrome and the result of her ALMS1 sequencing by the two generation sequencing were retrospectively reviewed. Results The 12 year and 10 month old female suffered from dilated cardiomyopathy, obesity, optic nerve diseases, sensorineural hearing loss, high blood glucose and irregular menstruation since one month of birth. Laboratory examination showed she had high testosterone level, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. High-throughput sequencing confirmed there was ALMS1 gene mutation which includes hybrid frameshift mutations of c.5418delC and p.Y1807Tfs*23, and heterozygous nonsense mutation of c.10549C>T and p.Q3517*, and c.5418delC was a new variation reported for the first time. Conclusion Alstrom syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disease, which is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction and metabolic syndrome, and can be diagnosed by gene detection.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum cytokines concentrations and A- PACHE scores in evaluating the illness state for critical trauma patients.Methods A clinical prospective self-control trial was performed,in which 36 patients admitted to ICU by SIRS were enrolled.Objects were divided into mild and severe trauma group according to APACHE score.The TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations were determined on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day of admission,the APACHE score were assessed at the same time.Statistic analysis was performed according to this group.Results The TNF-?concentrations decreased continuously in the following days while IL-6 decreased from the 7th day in the mild trauma group.In the severe trauma group the TNF-?and IL-6,APACHE score concentrations kept increasing.There was a significant difference of TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations between severe trauma and mild trauma group.Conclusion Dynamic measurement of TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations with APACHE score provide great help to evaluate the illness state and predict the prognosis.