Objective To investigate the clinical features and characteristics of imaging,cerebral hemodynamics and electrophysiology of septic encephalopathy in children.Methods The clinical data and examination result of computerized tomography(CT),ultrasound and electroencephalogram(EEG) on encephalon of the 44 consecutive children with septic encephalopathy from Jan.2003 to Jun.2006 were reviewed retrospectively.According to the prognosis and the etiology,the totally 44 patients were divided into survival group,death group and pneumonia group,enteritis group,septicemia group,appendicular perforation group,skin gangrene group as well as EBV infection group,respectively.Fi-sher′s exact test was used to compare the differences of ratio.Results 1.Clinical manifestations:loss of consciousness was observed in all 44 cases,convulsions in 29 cases,upper-right-limb paralysis in 1 case,cerebral hernia in 1 case,and 14 cases resulted in death.2.Forteen cases were detected by CT scanning.Multiple local and diffuse lower density in cerebral parenchyma was observed in 3 cases and 2 cases respectively.Intracranial hemorrhage was found in the latter 2 cases.3.Color doppler ultrasound was detected in 11 cases.Diffuse brain edema was found in 5 cases,and among them intracranial hemorrhage was found in 1 case.4.EEG was detected in 10 cases.Flat-to-isoelectric EEG was found in 3 cases.Diffuse slow wave activities and sharp wave with sharp-slow wave complex were found in 5 cases and 2 cases,respectively.5.Between the sharp wave group and the flat-to-isoelectric EEG group,the number of cases who was less than 7 with Glasgow coma scale was significant(P

OBJECTIVE :To develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of minocycline concentration in human plasma.METHODS:Chromatographic separation has been achieved on C18 column with acetonitrile-H2O-TFA(15∶85∶0.1)as the mobile phase, and oxytetracycline as internal standard.The detection wavelength was 350nm.The minocycline was extracted from buffered plasma(pH=6.5)by ethyl- acetate, and quantified by the ratio of minocycline peak area to that of internal standard.RESULTS :The linear range of minocycline detection concentration was 0.05～8?g/ml(r=0.9 999).The minimum detection concentration was 0.02?g/ml with an average recovery of 101.89% .The inter and intra-day RSD were both less than 5%.CONCLUSION :The present method is simple, rapid and accurate for determination of minocycline in human plasma.

0.05) among these pharmacokinetic parameters. The relative bioavailability of the test preparation was(107.8?30.0)%. CONCLUSION: The test and the reference preparation are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a HPLC method for quantitative assessment of cilostazol in human plasma. METHODS: Chromatogram column was C18(150mm?4.6mm, 5?m), mobile phases were acetonitrile-water(40∶60,V/V), the flow rate was 1.4ml/min,determined wavelength was 254nm. RESULTS: Cilostazol concentration was in the linear range of 25～2000ng/ml(r=0.9 999)with the lowest determinable concentration of 12.5ng/ml,recoveries of cilostazol from plasma were 99.99%～101.44%,the relative standard variation of intra-day and inter-day were 0.20%～2.90% and 0.19%～2.13%(n=5) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This method is s simple, convenient, accurate, and applicable for study of pharmacokinetics of cilostazol in clinic.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for determining the concentration of prulifloxacin active metabolite in human plasma and urine.Methods The supernatant obtained by centrifugation after the sample was precipitated with methanol- acetonitrile (1:1) was chromatographically separated on a Diamonsil C_(18)(250 mm?4.6 mm,5?m) using a mobile phase con- sisting of acetonitrile and 0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH2.2) containing 1% tetrabutylammonium bromide. The solutions of 20:80 (V/V) and 12:88 (V/V) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and 1.6 mL/min were used for plasma and u- rine, respectively.Then the samples were assayed at wavelength of Ex 280 nm and Em 425 nm.Results The linear range for prulifloxacin active metabolite in plasma and urine were 0.005-5 mg/L (r=0.9999) and 0.05-5 mg/L(r=0.9999)with a low- er limit of quantitation of 0.002 mg/L and 0.01 rag/L, respectively.In plasma, the relative recovery ranged from 100.64% to 101.00% at the concentration of 5.00, 0.50 and 0.05 mg/L and within-day and between-day precisions were less than 2.5% and 4.6% respectively.Meanwhile, the relative recovery ranged from 97.20% to 100.20% at the concentration of 2.50, 0.50 and 0.10 mg/L in urine.The within-day and between-day precisions were lower than 1.3% and 4.3%, respectively.The method had been successfully used for the pharmacokinetic studies of a prulifloxacin formulation after oral administration to healthy volunteers.Conclusions The present method is simple, rapid, accurate, reproducible and suitable for the pharmacoki- netic study of prulifloxacin in humans.

UNLABELLED: To ensure the consistency of genotype results for PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit. METHODS: The STR loci were amplified in DNA samples from 205 unrelated individuals in Beijing Han population. And consistency of 19 overlap STR loci typing were observed. The genetic polymorphism of D1S1656 locus was obtained. RESULTS: All 19 overlap loci typing showed consistent. The proportion of peak height of heterozygous loci in two kits showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The observed heterozygosis of D1S1656 was 0.878. The discrimination power was 0.949. The excluding probability of paternity of triplet was 0.751. The excluding probability of paternity of diploid was 0.506. The polymorphism information content was 0.810. CONCLUSION PowerPlex 21 kit and Goldeneye 20A kit present a good consistency. The primer design is reasonable. The polymorphism of D1S1656 is good. The two kits can be used for human genetic analysis, paternity test, and individual identification in forensic practice.
DNA/analysis* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA Primers ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Paternity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Flipped classroom as a new teaching mode provides a new idea for the reform of teaching and learning of medical genetics. This paper analyzes the feasibility of flipped classroom applied in medical genetics teaching and puts forward the concrete teaching design and practice process. That is, establishing task list, making teaching materials, drafting progress process and so on before class; implementing group reporting, teacher reviewing and in-class test in class; after class conducting comprehensive evaluating, summarizing and feedback, etc. Meanwhile, combining the practice, the experience and deficiency of flipped classroom is summarized in the end. Preliminary evaluation shows that the flipped classroom teaching im-proves students'!autonomous learning initiative, but it still needs to be improved in the course of medical genetics.

Objective To study the association between the plasma homocysteine level and coronary artery disease(CAD), and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C polymorphism, the methionine synthase (MS) A2756G polymorphism and their associations to the plasma homocysteine level and CAD in the elderly . Methods One hundred and twenty-nine elderly patients with CAD documented by coronary angiogram and 48 elderly patients with normal coronary angiographic results were included in this study. Plasma homocysteine level were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to analyse the MTHFR A1298C and MS A2756G genotypes. Results The plasma homocysteine level was significantly higher in CAD group than that in the control group〔(16.2?8.6) ?mol/L vs (12.7?5.0) ?mol/L,P0.05);the prevalence of MTHFR 1298CC homozygous in the CAD patients was significantly less than that in the control group (3.1% vs 14.6%, P

Electronic case report forms (eCRFs) instead of the traditional paper case report forms (pCRFs) are increasingly used by investigators and sponsors of clinical research. We include a total of 14 phase III studies (8 pCRF, 6 eCRF) to compare paper and electronic data documentation both quantitatively and qualitatively in clinical studies. The result suggests that adaptions of electronic data capture (EDC) in clinical trials have the advantages in optimization of data capture process, improvement of data quality and earlier clinical decision compared to paper-based methods. Furthermore, the successful implementation of EDC requires accouplements with corresponding data management processes and reallocation of resources.
Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Data Collection ; methods ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods ; Medical Informatics

Due to a great amount of data in clinical trials, the data cleansing needs to adopt a variety of measures, including the latest developed visual check approach. According to the different types of clinical data and the different stages in the course of clinical data management, this study reviews 8 types of visual graphics that show the relevance and trend among the data. The series of graphics can rapidly detect abnormal data, monitor clinical research in real-time, make the data management process much easier and improve the clinical trial efficiency and data quality.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods