OBJECTIVETo study the effect of melatonin on the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB p65) and synaptophysin in mice of different ages.

METHODSTwenty young male B6C3F1 mice (5.5 months) and 20 aged mice (26 months) were both divided into control and melatonin treatment (daily dose of 0.04 mg/kg) groups. After 2.5 months of treatment, the brain tissues of the mice were collected to examine the expressions of GFAP, NF-κB and SYN by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn the control groups, the expression of NF-κB p65 in the brain tissue increased with age, whereas a reverse change was found in melatonin-treated aged rats (P<0.05). Synaptophysin expression also decreased with age, but melatonin treatment significantly enhanced its expression in aged mice (P<0.05). GFAP expression in the brain tissue increased with age regardless of melatonin treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONGFAP expression is almost not affected by melatonin treatment in aged mice. Melatonin can reduce the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and synaptophysin in the brain tissue to protect the brain and slow down the aging process.

Aging ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Chimera ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Male ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To construct a fusion protein that used for treatment of resistance and palindromia in leukemia and studied its biological activity. Methods IL-3 and LP gene fragments were amplified by PCR. After enzymatic digestion and T4 ligation, the fusion gene was cloned into expression vector pAYZ. The product was purified by exchange chromatography and anti-Etag affinity chromatography. IL3-G4SLP fusion protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Protein biological activity was detected by FACS. Results The fusion protein was expressed as soluble protein by E.Coli 16C9. The protein expression level was about 1 mg/L, its purity was over 95 %, and the expression level was about 1 mg/L. The fusion protein can combined specificely with CD123 on leukemia stem cells. Conclusion Fusion protein IL-3-G4S-LP can target on leukemia stem cells and maybe as a potential drug used for treatment of resistance and palindromia in leukemia.

Objective To evaluate the difference of internal diameter of bronchial artery in big lung cancer,small lung cancer,and normal lung with multiple slice CT.Methods MSCT angiographies of 44 patients with lung cancer confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed,and 29 patients were with big lung cancer(≥3 cm)and 15 patients with small lung cancer(

AIMTo investigate the effects of shivering on airway rewarming.

METHODSThe hypothermic dog model without shivering was established by immersing an anesthetized dog in cold water and administering atracurium to inhibit the dog shivering. The model dog respired warm fully humidified (40-45 degrees C, RH 99.9%) air and room temperature air(19 +/- 1 degrees C, RH 30% - 75%) to rewarm each for 2 hours, the priority of different temperature air respired was arranged randomly. After rewarming for 4 hours, the relaxed dog breathed warm humidified air by positive pressure ventilation in order to restore its spontaneous respiratory. Then the dog continued to respire warm humidified air spontaneously until the esophageal (Te) and rectal temperature (Tr) of the dog achieved the same degrees as the dog was immersed in the water. The metabolic heat production was detected by indirect calorimetry during the experiment.

RESULTS(1) When the shivering was inhibited, inhaling warm humidified air for 2 hours made the Tr and Te of the dogs increase 0.26-0.39 degrees C and 0.44-1.11 degrees C per hour respectively, inhaling air at room temperature for 2 hours made Tr and Te of the dogs decrease 0.24-0.51 degrees C and 0.58-0.67 degrees C per hour, respectively. And the changes in Tr and Te of the dogs were unrelated to the priority of inhaling air at different temperature. (2) When the dog with shivering respired spontaneously warm humidified air, the rewarming rates of Tr and Te were 2.26-2.33 degrees C/h and 1.96-2.38 degrees C/h respectively, quicker than those of the dogs whose shivering was inhibited. (3) Compared with metabolic heat production of the unshivering dog respiring warm humidified air by positive pressure ventilation, that of the shivering dog respiring warm humidified air spontaneously increased outstandingly, shivering thermogenesis made the rewarming rates increased obviously.

CONCLUSIONAirway rewarming is a method conducive to rewarming of hypothermia. When the body is shivering, the metabolic heat production increases obviously, that makes the rewarming rate increase markedly. So the shivering must be inhibited in order to eliminate the interference of shivering thermogenesis when the effects of airway rewarming are detected.

Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Cold Temperature ; Dogs ; Hypothermia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Male ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Shivering

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of two fluid resuscitations on the bacterial translocation and the inflammatory factors of small intestine in rats with hemorrhagic shock.

METHODSFifty SD healthy male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n equal to 10 per group): Group A (Sham group), Group B (Ringer's solution for 1 h), Group C (Ringer's solution for 24 h), Group D (hydroxyethyl starch for 1 h) and Group E ((hydroxyethyl starch for 24 h). A model of rats with hemorrhagic shock was established. The bacterial translocation in liver, content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and changes of myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) activities in small intestine were pathologically investigated after these two fluid resuscitations, respectively.

RESULTSThe bacterial translocation and the expression of TNF-alpha in the small intestine were detected at 1 h and 24 h after fluid resuscitation. There were significant increase in the number of translocated bacteria, TNF-alpha and MPO activities in Group C compared with Group B, significant decrease in Group E compared with Group D and in Group B compared with Group D. The number of translocated bacteria and TNF-alpha expression significantly decreased in Group E as compared with Group C.

CONCLUSIONSThe bacterial translocation and the expression of TNF-alpha in the small intestine exist 24 h after fluid resuscitation. 6% hydroxyethyl starch can improve the intestinal mucosa barrier function better than the Ringer's solution.

Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; drug effects ; Fluid Therapy ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Isotonic Solutions ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

AIMIn order to study airway rewarming method and rewarming devices for hypothermia, hypothermic dog model was established.

METHODSThe anesthetized dog was immersed in cold water at 16.7 degrees C until the esophageal temperature (Te) of the dog decreased to 34.0 degrees C, the core temperature and skin temperature were monitored by using a 12-channel scanning thermometers. Atracurium besylate, a skeletal muscle relaxant, was injected intravenously when the core temperature of the dog was basically steady after the dog was out of the cold water, the hypothermic dog model was established.

RESULTSRectal and esophageal temperature could stand for the core temperature of the hypothermic dog model, but mixing with each other was prohibited because of leading to mistakes. Administering of atracurium besylate could eliminate the effect of shivering on airway rewarming alone, hypothermic dog model in which shivering was inhibited could be used in determination of airway rewarming technique and rewarming devices for hypothermia.

CONCLUSIONHypothermic dog model in which shivering was inhibited can abolish the interference of shivering, experimental repeatability is good, experimental method quite simple, and the model appropriate for application and dissemination.

Animals ; Body Temperature ; Cold Temperature ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Hypothermia ; therapy ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Male ; Respiratory System ; Rewarming ; methods ; Shivering

OBJECTIVETo clarify three-grade criteria of curative resection for primary liver cancer (PLC) and evaluate their clinical significance.

METHODSCriteria of curative resection of PLC were summed up to three grades. Grade I: complete removal of all gross tumors with no residual tumor at the excision margin. Grade II: on the basis of Grade I, there was no extrahepatic metastasis, no hilar lymph node metastasis, no tumor thrombus in the main trunks and their primary tributaries of the portal vein, common hepatic duct, hepatic vein and vena cava inferior, and the tumor was not more than two in number. Grade III: in addition to the above criteria, AFP dropped to normal level (in patients with elevated AFP before surgery) within 2 months after operation, and no residual tumor upon diagnostic imaging. A total of 354 cases with PLC who had their liver resected was reviewed. Patients in each grade were divided into two portions depending on whether the treatment was curative or palliative.

RESULTSThe survival of patients receiving curative treatment was better than those receiving palliative treatment (P < 0.01). This was true for patients whose treatment belonged to anyone of the three-grade criteria. The survival was improved along with the promotion of curative criteria used. The 5-year survival rate of Grade I, II and III patients undergone curative resection was 43.2%, 51.2% and 64.4%, respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION1. The three-grade criteria may be used for judging the radicality of tumor resection for PLC. 2. The more stringent the criteria used, the better the survival would be. 3. Adopting high-grade criteria to select cases, to guide operation and postoperative follow-up would improve the results of liver resection for PLC.

Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine (LDT) versus entecavir treatments in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSEighty HBeAg-positive compensated CHB patients with HBV DNA more than 6 log10 copies/ml and serum ALT 2 x ULN were divided into two groups: a telbivudine treatment group, and a entecavir treatment group. HBV DNA, ALT and HBeAg were surveyed at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks. The efficacy and safety of the two nucleoside analogues were assessed at 12 and 24 weeks.

RESULTSUndetectable serum HBV DNA levels of the telbivudine group (50% and 80%) were similar to those of the entecavir B group (50% and 70%) according to the polymerase-chain-reaction assay at week 12 and 24. There were no significant differences in the normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels between the two groups at week 12 and 24 (52.5% vs 60.0%, 77.5% vs 75.0%). The mean reductions in serum HBV DNA from the baseline levels at week 12 and 24 were similar between the two groups [5.27 vs.5.36, 6.49 vs.6.18 log (on a base-10 scale) copies per milliliter]. More patients in the telbivudine group had HBeAg seroconversion at week 12 than those in the entecavir group (20.0% vs 5.0%, P = 0.043); however, there was no significant difference between the two groups at week 24 (27.5% vs 17.5%). No adverse reactions were found in either group.

CONCLUSIONThere was no significant difference in HBV DNA undetectable rates and the ALT normalization rates between the two groups in a short-term therapy (24 weeks), but the telbivudine group had a higher rate in HBeAg seroconversion than that in the entecavir group at week 12.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Guanine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleosides ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidinones ; therapeutic use ; Thymidine ; analogs & derivatives ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of 48 week-Entecavir therapy with that of Adefovir therapy for chronic hepatitis B patients.

METHODSIn this open-label study we randomly assigned 125 CHB patients to receive 0.5 mg of entecavir (n = 56) or 10mg of adefovir (n = 69) once daily for 48 weeks.

RESULTSHBV DNA, ALT and HBeAg were quantified at baseline and at 0, 24, 48 weeks. At week 24 and 48, more patients in entecavir group than in adefovir group achieved undetectable serum HBV DNA level (68% vs 35%, 84% vs 49%, P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with normal ALT level in the two groups at week 48 was similar (100% vs 94%, P > 0.05). Among the HBeAg positive patients, more patients in entecavir group than in adefovir group had HBeAg loss at week 24 and 48 (23% vs 7%, 44% vs 15%, P < 0.05). The ratio of HBeAg seroconversion was similar in the two groups at week 24 (18% vs 7%, P > 0.05), but more patients in entecavir group than in adefovir group achieved HBeAg seroconversion at week 48 (33% vs 12%, P < 0.05). The retreated patients in the entecavir group had a higher chance to achieve undetectable serum HBV DNA level (79% vs 34%, P < 0.05), HBeAg loss (42% vs 17%, P > 0.05), and seroconversion (26% vs 17%, P > 0.05), than these in the adefovir group. The safety profiles and adverse event profiles were similar in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSCompared to adefovir, entecavir is more potent to suppress HBV replication.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Guanine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the individual surgical treatment of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

METHODSBetween Feb. 1989 and Oct. 2004, different kinds of surgical approaches in 51 patients with angiofibromas were retrospectively analysed. Using Fisch stage: thirty three cases were in stage I and II, 22 cases via palatal approach, 11 cases via endoscopic surgery;18 cases were in stage IIN and IV, 9 cases via lateral rhinotomy approach, 4 cases via midfacial degloving approach + Lefort I approach or modified maxillotomy, 5 cases via craniofacial approach. Twenty three cases accepted the embolization of the artery which feed the tumor, 7 cases in stage IV, 8 cases in stage IlI, 5 cases in stage II, 3 cases in stage I.

RESULTSThe average of blood loss was 1010 ml in operation but it became 200 - 870 ml (the average of blood loss was 485 ml) when had a selective preoperative embolization. The blood loss of none selective preoperative embolization was 500 - 3500 ml (the average of blood loss was 1600 ml), t = 7. 48, P < 0.05, the average of blood loss of selective preoperative embolization is less than the average of blood loss of none selective preoperative embolization. After 9 to 48 months of operation (the average time was 26.4 months), 8 cases recurred one time and 2 cases recurred two times.

CONCLUSIONSThe preoperative embolization could reduce the amount of bleeding during operation. In patients who are in stage I and II, searching endoscopic surgery could avoid the effect on craniofacial development which traditional surgical procedure did. For patient who are in stage III and IV, midfacial degloving approach and Lefort I approach or modified maxillotomy are not only good for exclusive resection of the tumor but also have less effect on articulation and beautiful cosmetic outlook.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Angiofibroma ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasm Staging ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult