Abstract: The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique is a technique for the specific and efficient amplification of target fragments at a constant temperature using two pairs of specially designed primers and a strand displacement activity DNA polymerase. LAMP technique is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and cost-effective nucleic acid amplification method, and therefore has a promising future in the field rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and grassroots applications. In this review, the basic principles and characteristics of the LAMP technique, the main molecular markers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and the use of different molecular markers and various types of novel techniques in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and drug-resistant tuberculosis were described. The LAMP technique has been widely used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis with high sensitivity and specificity, but the technique still has some shortcomings. This paper reviews the progress of its application in tuberculosis in recent years and provides an outlook on its development, with a view to providing a rational research direction for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in a resource-limited environment.

OBJECTIVETo study the MRI features of 1,2-dichloroethane Chronic Toxic Encephalopathy of 10 cases.

METHOD10 cases were examined by MRI, slice thickness 8 mm, layer from 2 mm, axial and coronal line scan, T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR imaging.

RESULTS10 cases show varying degrees of abnormal signal of white matters, low signal intensity on T1WI, high signal intensity on T2WI and FLAIR. MRI could also show extensive abnormal signal in cerebral white matter although the toxic manifestation is mild to moderate. Therefore the symptoms and the shows of MRI could be inconsistent.

CONCLUSIONCombined with a history of exposure, the show of varying degrees of abnormal signal of white matter in 1,2-dichloroethane Chronic Toxic Encephalopathy cases are characteristic.

Adult ; Brain Diseases ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To track the catabolic route and clearance of ena-lapril maleate tablets in vivo by surface -enhanced Raman scattering spectrometry , and put forward proposal to its safe medication.Methods The urine and feces of 15 patient exemplars was collected , pre-processed , blended with an equal volume of surface -enhancer , and tested at the identified peak of enalapril maleate of (1470 ±2 ) /cm.Then the clearance of active pharmaceutical ingredient was calculated and analyzed .Results The methodical recovery was high and the relevant standard deviation was within 3%.The active pharmaceutical ingredient was in good linear at the concentration of 5~100μg· mL-1 in urine and in feces, and the limit of detection was 0.5 μg · mL-1 and 1.3μg· mL-1 , respectively.Enalapril was effective to 11 exemplars, while its clinical effect was not responded on 4 exemplars.Conclusion The method is proved to be prompt and rapid , appropriate to the catabolic analysis in vivo and clinical evaluation to angiotensin -converting -enzyme Ⅰinhibitors.

Aim To study the effect of salidroside combined with rosavin on ischemic stroke in rats.Methods The model of MCAO was established by u-sing thread-embolic method.The rats were divided into the sham group,MCAO group,salidroside combined with rosavin group,positive control group,and the drug was given continuously for seven days.The infarct volume was measured by MRI and neurological deficit score was evaluated by Zea-Longa.The levels of Ne-uN,BDNF,TGF-β1,p-Smad were observed by West-ern blot and immunofluorescence staining.The expres-sions of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 were performed by RT-qPCR/ELISA.The primary cortical neurons were isolated,OGD/R inducted,divided into the normal group,OGD/R group,salidroside combined with rosa-vin group,and TGF-β1 inhibitor+salidroside com-bined with rosavin group,the drug was given for 24 hours,and the expressions of NeuN,BDNF,IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 were measured.Results Salidroside combined with rosavin could decrease the infarct vol-ume,improve the neurological function,promote the levels of Neun,BDNF,TGF-β1,p-Smad,and inhibit the expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6.Salidroside combined with rosavin could promote NeuN,BDNF,inhibit IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 in primary nerve cells in-duced by OGD/R,and these effects were blocked by TGF-β1 inhibitor.Conclusions Salidroside combined with rosavin has neuroprotective effects on MCAO rats,and primary neurons are induced by OGD/R,and these effects are closely related to the TGF-β pathway.

OBJECTIVETo study the infection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-I) and the morphological characteristics of the infected spermatogenic cells in the semen of infertile men.

METHODSWe washed and concentrated the spermatogenic cells obtained from 83 semen samples of infertile men, extracted DNA and then screened HCMV and HSV-II by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunocytochemistry (ICC) was used to detect the expression of correlative virus antigens of the positive semen cells, and the cytology smear was employed to observe the morphological changes of the spermatogenic cells under the microscope after cytology staining.

RESULTSOf all the semen samples, 8 were HCMV positive, 4 HSV-II positive, but none were both HCMV and HSV-II positive. HCMV late antigens were positively and HCMV early antigens negatively expressed in the spermatogenic cells of the 8 HCMV positive cases. In the 4 HSV-II positive cases, 3 were positively and 1 weakly positively expressed. In the semen of the 12 positive cases were found large numbers of immature spermatogenic cells, with different manifestations of apoptosis, such as chromatin pycnosis, vacuoles, damaged nuclear membrane, and apoptotic bodies, but without virus infection-induced specific morphological alteration. Sperm concentration of the positive group was significantly lower than that of the negative (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSpermatogenic cells infected by HCMV and HSV-II may cause pathologic lesions and affect spermatogenesis. Morphologically, the infected spermatogenic cells may undergo some pathologic alteration, such as apoptosis. The rate of HCMV infection is higher among infertile males with pathologic cells in the semen.

Adult ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; pathology ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Herpes Simplex ; pathology ; virology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infertility, Male ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Semen ; cytology ; virology ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo observe the dynamic changes of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis and discuss the clinical significance.

METHODSSixty-four patients admitted in the Emergency Center and Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the Second Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between August, 2007 and July, 2009 were enrolled in this study. CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry on days 1, 7 and 14 after admission, and the results were compared between the patients with improvement of the condition and those without improvement, with 20 healthy subjects as the control group.

RESULTSOn day 1 after admission, CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio were obviously lower in the 2 groups of patients with sepsis than in the control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found in CD8+ T lymphocytes. The sepsis patients with clinical improvement showed significant higher CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte percentages and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio than those without improvement on day 1. In the patients with clinical improvement, CD3+ and CD4+T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio increased gradually with time and till day 14, they were comparable with the control levels; in the patients without improvement, CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio showed no obvious alterations in the course of observation.

CONCLUSIONImmune imbalance occurs in patients with sepsis represented by lowered CD3+ and CD4+T lymphocyte percentages and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio in relation to the severity of the condition. CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio can be used as the indicators for assessing the severity of sepsis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sepsis ; blood ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology

Objective To test the mechanical properties of a self-developed novel anterior mid-distal humerus anatomic locking plate (hereinafter referred to as the new plate) and to improve its design to provide theoretical support for its clinical application. Methods Twenty intact humerus from embalmed human cadavers were obtained and used for the biomechanical test on mid-distal humeral shaft fracture models by using the new plate (group A) and 4.5 mm LC DCP（limited contact dynamic compression plate）(group B), respectively. Both groups were compared under axial compression, medial-lateral bending, medial-lateral three-point bending and external rotation torque. Results The stiffness, strength and stress shielding of the new plate for mid-distal humeral shaft fractures under four different loads were superior to those of 4.5 mm LC-DCP, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions The new plate can satisfy the requirements of physical training at early stage for fixed mid-distal humeral shaft fractures, which gives great clinical values.

Aim To study the neuroprotective effects of Herba siegesbeckiae extract on cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion rats and its mechanism. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into model group, low, middle and high dose groups of Herba siegesbeckiae, and Sham operation group, and the drug was given continuously for seven days. The degree of neurologic impairment was evaluated by mNSS, and the infarct volume was measured by MRI. The number of Nissl-posi- tive cells was detected by Nissl staining, and the apop- tosis was accessed by Tunel staining. Furthermore, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and NeuN was observed by Western blot, and the expression of NeuN was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of IL- 1β, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA was performed by RT- qPCR. Results The mNSS score and the volume of ischemic cerebral infarction in the model group were significantly increased, and Herba siegesbeckiae extract treatment significantly decreased the mNSS score and infarct volume (P<0.05, P<0.01). Herba siegesbeckiae extract could increase the number of Nissl-pos- itive cells and the expression of NeuN (P<0.01), and reduce the number of Tunel-positive cells (P<0.01). Western blot showed that Herba siegesbeckiae extract inhibited the expression of Bax, increased Bcl-2 and NeuN in ischemic brain tissue (P<0.01). RT-qPCR showed that Herba siegesbeckiae extract inhibited the expression of IL-1 β, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in the is-chemic brain tissue (P<0.01). Conclusions Herba siegesbeckiae extract can reduce the cerebral infarction volume, improve the neurological function damage, inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells and the expression of inflammatory factors and promote the expression of NeuN, there by exerting protective effects on MCAO rats.

Aim To investigate the antibacterial activity and anti-resistant mutation ability of Qiguiyin decoction (a traditional Chinese herbal formula) combined with levofloxacin against pseudomonas aeruginosa byantibacterial experiment in vitro and serum pharmacology. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of levofloxacin and Qiguiyin decoction were detected respectively by the broth dilution technique.The MIC of the combination of two drugs was determined by the micro chessboard dilution method. The effects of combined drugs on enhancing the antibacterial activity of different strains were evaluated respectively by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The drug-containing serum of levofloxa-cin group, Qiguiyin decoction group, Qiguiyin decoction combined with levofloxacin group and control group was prepared. The antibacterial rate, MIC and MBC of 10% ~ 90% serum against the two strains were determined. Results Combined with Qiguiyin decoction, MIC of levofloxacin against pseudomonas aeruginosa (standard/resistant) decreased significantly, 0. 5 < FICI ^ 1. With the increase of the proportion of serum, the inhibitory rate of 10% ~ 90% drug-containing serum to pseudomonas aeruginosa (standard/resistant) increased gradually.compared with the control group, the inhibitory effect of the Qiguiyin group on bacteria was significantly enhanced. The MIC

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.