Urocortin,a novel peptide of the cortiotropin releasiong hormone(CRH)family,was discovered in 1995 in the rat brain and subsequently cloned and localized to human chromosome 2.It can bind to both CRH type 1 receptor and CRH type 2 receptor,as well as CRH binding protein.Especially to CRH type 2 receptor,urocortin binds to it with 40 times more potency than CRH does.Therefore,urocortin is thought to be an endogenous ligand for CRH type 2 receptor.Immunoreactive urocortin and urocortin mRNA were localized in many areas such as mammalian brain,cardiovascular system,placenta.It is believed that urocortinmay play important physiological roles as a neuropeptide not only in the central nervous system but also in peripheral tissues.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab combined with standard chemotherapy regimen in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. This report presents the result of a preplanned subanalysis of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital's patients enrolled in SAiL study. Methods: Between July 2007 and March 2008, 44 patients with untreated locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer were recruited into this phase 4 study. Eligible patients had histologically or cytologically documented inoperable, locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent disease (stages ?B-?); an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0-1; and adequate haematological, hepatic, and renal functions. Patients received bevacizumab (15 mg/kg every 3 weeks) plus standard chemotherapy (paclitaxel-carboplatin) every 3 weeks for up to six cycles, followed by single-agent bevacizumab until disease progression. The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary end points included time to disease progression and overall survival. Results: The rates of clinically significant adverse events (= grade 3) of special interest were relatively low in this population (13.6%); proteinuria (7%), hypertension (2%) and bleeding (2%) were the most common adverse events. One patient died because of hemoptysis. The partial remission and stable disease rates were 52.3% (23/44) and 45.5% (20/44), respectively. One patient had progressive disease. The disease control rate was 97.7%. The median time to progression was 8.13 months, and the median overall survival was 17.73 months. Conclusion: The safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab-based treatment in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital's patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer is satisfying with benefits in time to progression and overall survival. There were no new safety signals to be reported. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

BackgroundHypoxia and hyperglycemia are the common causes of retinal neovascularization.In these states,H+ accumulates because of the elevated glycolysis and failure of retinal circulation,thus the retinas readily acidified. ObjectiveThe present study was to explore whether retinal acidosis independently regulates the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and whether the regulation is related to oxidative stress.Methods The retinas from 2-week-old male SD rats were cultured with explant method in DMEM modulated by NaHCO3,and culture retinas were randomly divided into pH 7.2,6.8 and 6.5 groups for 24 hours.In addition,after 24 hours of culture as above described,retinas were washed using PBS two times and then followed by again culture in DMEM with pH 7.2 for another 24 hours.Also,antioxidant was added in different pH values of DMEM for culture as above described.The retinal samples were prepared for histopathological examination.The expressions of VEGF and PEDF proteins and their mRNA in retina tissue were detected by Western blot and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively.Results The retina showed the clear structure and morphology in pH 7.2 group and pH 6.8 group,but retinal vacuoles change was seen in pH 6.5 group after culture for 24 hours.No significant difference was seen in the expressing level of VEGF mRNA in retina between normal group and pH 7.2 group( 112％ ±11％ vs 100％ ±7％ ) (P=0.55),but those in pH 6.8 group and pH 6.5 group were significant increased in comparison with pH 7.2 group( 196％ ±43％ vs 100％ ±7％ ;251％ ±29％vs 100％ ±7％ )( P＜0.05 ).The expressing level of PEDF mRNA in retina in normal group was similar to that of pH7.2 group(86％ ±19％ vs 100％ ±33％) (P=0.64),but that in pH 6.5 group was significantly higher than pH 7.2 group( 230％ ±66％ vs 100％ ±33％ ) ( P＜0.05 ).The resemble results were found in the expressions of VEGF and PEDF protein.After pH reversion,the expressing levels of VEGF mRNA were 100％ ±13％,111％ ±9％,113％ ±9％ in pH 7.2 group,pH 6.8 group and pH 6.5 group respectively without significant difference among them (F=2.51,P=0.16).The expressing levels of PEDF mRNA were 100％ ±13％,110％ ±9％,108％ ±11％in different groups ( F =0.98,P =0.43 ).Under the presence of antioxidant,the expressing level of VEGF mRNA in pH 6.5 group increased in comparison with pH 7.2 group and pH 6.8 group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The expressing levels of PEDF mRNA were significant different among pH 7.2 group( 100±31 )％,pH 6.8 group( 282±45 )％ and pH 6.5 group(480±117)％ (F=20.73,P=0.00). Conclusions VEGF can be induced by retinal acidification alone,which may be regulated by oxidative stress.Under the retinal acidification,antioxidants promote the expression of PEDF,suggesting that oxidative stress inhibits the production of PEDF.

Objective To detect whether there is neurotropism following end-to-side neurorrhaphy by means of the neuron retrograde tracing technique. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: tracing main branch of musculcutaneous nerve(MC) of end-to-side group, tracing MC main branch of normal group, tracing MC motor branch of end-to-side group and tracing MC motor branch of normal group.In two end-to-side groups, the MC was transeeted, then an 1 mm epineukral window was created on the ulnar nerve. Distal end of MC nerve was sutured to the windowed ulnar nerve by means of end-to-side neurorrhaphy.In two normal control groups, MC and ulnar nerves were just exposed. Five months post operation, by means of retrograde Fluoro-Gold neuron tracing technique,the number of C5～ T1 anterior horn motoneurons and dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons of all groups were counted. Results In two tracing MC main branch groups: the motor neuron counts in end-to-side group was 245.2 ± 93.8, the motor neuron counts in normal group was 846.7 ± 264.8, and counts of end-to-side group was 30.0% of the normal control group (P＜ 0.01). The sensory neuron counts in end-to-side was 434.7 ± 160.4, the sensory neuron counts in normal group was 1545.2 ± 287.4, and counts of end-to-side group was 28.1% of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01). The per-centage of motor neuron in end-to-side group was 0.36 ± 0.09, there was no difference between end-to-side group and normal control group(P＞ 0.05). In two tracing MC motor branch groups: the motor neuron counts in end-to-side group was 72.3 ± 35.3, the motor neuron counts in normal group was 189.7 ± 57.0, and counts of end-to-side group was 38.1% of the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01). The sensory neuron counts in end-to-side was 110.8 ± 52.5, the sensory neuron counts in normal group was 157.9 ± 50.0, and counts of end-to-side group was 70.2% of the normal control group (P ＞ 0.05). The percentage of motor neuron in end-to-side group was 0.40 ± 0.14, the difference between end-to-side group and normal control group was signifieant(P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Neurotropism in collateral spouting after end-to-side neurorrhaphy is not significant.

Objective To evaluate the effect of small dose ketamine on the efficacy of intravenous PCA (POA) with sufentanil after intra-abdominal surgery in aged patients.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ orⅡpatienm aged 65-82 yr undergoing elective intra-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into 3 groups (n=20 each)according to the composition of PCIA solution:group I sufentanil 200 μg in 200 ml of noilnal saline (group S);group μ sufentanil 200μh+ketmine 100 mg in NS 200 ml(group K1)and group Ⅲ sufentannil 200 μg+ketmine 200 mg in NS 200 ml(group K2).A loading dose of 5 ml wag given at the end of operation.The PCIA setting was as follows:backgound infusion 1 ml/h,bolus dose 2 ml,lockout interval 5 min and 4-hour maximum dose 30 m1.If VAS score(0=no pain,10=womt pain)was≥7,pethidine 25 mg was given iv.The total amount of pethidine given within 48 h after operation and postoperative complications including nausea and vomiting and respiratory depression were recorded.Results Small dose ketamine added to the PCIA solution can significantly reduce the amount of pethidine administered after operation in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Small dose ketamine can improve the efficacy of PCIA with sufentanil after intra-abdominal surgery in aged patients with no significant adverse effect.

Objective To explore a three-dimensional examination method for retinal vessels. Design Experimental study. Participants Retinal vascular digest preparations of rat. Methods After deep anaesthesia, rats were sacrificed and perfused till eyeballs pale. Then 4% paraformaldehyde was perfused for vascular internal fixation. Eyeballs were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24hr, and the retinal vessels were isolated with collagenase digest technique. After immunofluorescence staining, the retinal vessels were observed with laser scanning confocal microscope. Main Outcome Measures The digest state of retinal vascular digest preparations and three-dimensional observation of the preparations. Results Ideal complete retinal vascular digest preparations were obtained after collagenase digestion. Three-dimensional characteristics of retinal vessels can be observed with laser scanning confocal microscope. Conclusions Modified retinal vascular digest preparations combined with laser scanning confocal microscope provided us a method for retinal vascular three-dimensional structure observation.(phthalmol CHN,2006,15:138-141)

Objective: To explore the effect of cognitive therapy on obsessional compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Forty-seven patients with OCDO were randomly assigned to cognitive therapy group and conventional treatment group, the later with paroxetine treatment only as control. The results were assessed with Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Yale-Brown Obsessional Compulsive Scale and social disability screening scale. Result: The cognitive therapy group had lower scores in HAMA and Y-BOCS than the control group after 8 weeks therapy, this difference remained in the follow-up after 6 months, when the cognitive group had also lower score in social disability. Conclusion: Cognitive therapy can benefit patients with OCD more than medication only.

Objective] To explore the theoretical origin, clinical application method, effect and practical significance of the treatment of ectopic pregnancy with blood stasis. [Method] From blood stasis on the treatment by promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, Yiqi Yangxue Huayu Shapei, expelling blood circulation, method to eliminate the disease, stage of treatment, a reasonable choice of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis drugs in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. [Results] From blood stasis on the treatment of ectopic pregnancy, it can accelerate the beta HCG negative, and speed up the ectopic pregnancy mass absorption, clinical curative effect significantly, the greatest degree of protection of fallopian tube integrity, improve blood circulation, and tubal function recovery, increase after treatment the chances of conception. [Conclusion] Qi stagnation, blood stasis and Qi deficiency and blood stasis are ectopic pregnancy basic pathogenesis, less empirical abdominal blood stasis is the essence of its pathogenesis. The existence of blood stasis in ectopic pregnancy of each type and disease development of the whole process, in the occurrence of the disease, and occupies an important position in the development, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis is the basic treatment, should be in clinical dialectical treatment of the whole process of fusion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antibiotics in our hospital. METHODS: All the prescriptions in Jan., Apr., July and Oct. in 2006 in dispensary for western medicine were reviewed, from which, 6 605 (17.26%) antibiotic prescriptions were selected. The categories and kinds of antibiotics were investigated; meanwhile the administration and dosage, course of treatment and drug combination were analyzed based on diagnosis and patient's age. RESULTS: The antibiotics used in 6 605 prescriptions totaled 7 categories. 87.80% used antibacterial drugs accorded with diagnose; 56.46% of the antibacterial drugs were administered orally; in terms of dosage and administration, more than 95% were up to the standard; the course of treatment in 86.99% ranged from 3 to 7 days; 91.04% of the antibacterial drugs used in single kind, about 8.80% in two kinds, and only 0.17% in three kinds concomitantly. CONCLUSION: The use of antibacterial drugs in our hospital is rational on the whole, yet it is far from perfect. Measures should be taken to further improve the rational drug use level.