Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Organometallic Compounds ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Radioisotopes ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rhenium ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective:China was categorized as one of the 68 countdown countries to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5. This paper aimed to analyze the situation of maternal survival, and coverage of proven cost effective interventions in China, where specific attention was paid to disparities. Methods: National maternal and child mortality surveillance data were used to estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Coverage for proven interventions was analyzed based on National Health Services Survey, where experts' consultations were made for complementation. Results: There had been a significant reduction of MMR in China, however great disparities existed, with rural Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas experiencing 2 to 5 times higher maternal mortality risks than urban areas and accounting for over 70% maternal mortality burdens. Postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy associated hypertension, embolism and sepsis were the leading causes, and over 75% of the maternal mortality was caused by preventable or curable causes. Maternal health services utilization decreased in accordance with region' s development level. Socioeconomic factors like financial difficulties were the main obstacles hindering access of care.Even those who made deliveries in hospitals faced different probabilities in receiving qualified care according to their socioeconomic standings. Conclusion: China is on track to achieve MDG 5, however great disparities exist. It is necessary to specifically target rural types Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas. Major causes of maternal mortality which can be prevented or averted through the provision of essential obstetrical care. Yet as compared with maternity health needs, insufficient coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) care services and poor service quality are the leading predisposing factors contributing to maternal mortality in China.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Cooking ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies

China ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

AIM:To evaluate the effect of lipoic acid ( LA) on LPS-induced Parkinson disease ( PD) model of mice.METHODS:Female C57BL/6 mice of 10-month-old were randomly divided into saline control group , PD group and LA group.The PD mouse model was induced by intranasal instillation of LPS .Assays of tyrosine hydroxylase , microglia and nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-κB) were performed by the methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting .RE-SULTS:Intranasal LPS instillation exhibited basic characteristics of PD model .However, LA administration significantly improved motor dysfunction , protected dopaminergic neurons from damage , and inhibited NF-κB activation in inflammatory microglia in the substantia nigra area of the brain .CONCLUSION:LA may exert a profound neuroprotective effect by an-ti-neuroinflammatory reaction to arrest the progression of PD .

Background: The side effects of glucocorticoid in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been the focus of debate, and our preliminary study indicates that ginsenosides can enhance the efficacy of dexamethasone. Objective: To observe the effects of ginsenosides combined with prednisone in SLE patients. Design, setting, participants and interventions: A total of 60 SLE patients from Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 30 patients in each group. Patients in the treatment group were given routine treatment with prednisone plus ginsenosides, while those in the control group were given routine treatment with prednisone plus placebo. They were all treated for 3 months. Main outcome measures: After three-month treatment, syndrome score in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), total response rate and symptom improvement rate were measured and evaluated. Results: Twenty-eight cases in treatment group and twenty-seven cases in control group were included in analysis. The total response rates in the treatment group and control group were 89.28% and 66.67% respectively, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01), and prednisone plus ginsenosides was better in decreasing the TCM syndrome score than prednisone plus placebo (P<0.05). The symptoms were improved in the treatment group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Prednisone combined with ginsenosides can increase the clinical effective rate and improve the clinical symptoms of SLE patients.

OBJECTIVETo develop a new injectable biomaterial carrageenan/nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC/Carr) for bone surgery and characterize it.

METHODSnHAC/Carr was developed by filling carrageenan with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) granules.

RESULTSIt was found that nHAC/Carr had similar X-ray diffraction patterns with that of nHAC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that carrageenan did not change its structure in nHAC/Carr. The rheological behavior of nHAC/Carr was the same as carrageenan. The scanning electron microscopy and porosity analysis showed that nHAC/Carr had porous structure and its porosity was about 90%.

CONCLUSIONThe biomaterial nHAC/Carr may be used as an injectable bone substitute.

Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Carrageenan ; Collagen ; Durapatite ; Injections ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanoparticles ; Porosity ; Surface Properties ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To investigate the changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli isolated from respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility of 1 047 isolates of gram-negative bacilli from 2000 to 2004 was tested by disk diffusion method.WHONET 5.3 software was used to analyze the data.Results The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.9%),Stenotrophomonas malto- philia (17.1%),Acinetobacter baurnannii (10.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.5%).The susceptibility rate of P.aerug- inosa was relatively higher to ceftazidime (50%-74%),amikacin (33.3%-81.0%),piperacillin-tazobactam (30.4%-64.6%) and cefoperazone-sulbactam (33.5%-47.5%),while the susceptibility to imipenem decreased.The susceptibility rate of S. maltophilia was relatively higher to cefoperazone-sulbactam (47.2%-78.6%) and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid(28.3%-86.6%). More than 90% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were susceptible to imipenem.The susceptibility rates of K.pneumoniae to imipenem and cefepime were 92.9%-100% and 55.6%-80.0%,respectively.The susceptibility rate to piperacillin-tazobac- tam decreased from 58.3% to 21.7%.The prevalence of extended-spectrum?-lactamases (ESBLs) in K.pneumoniae increased from 11.1% in 2002 to 47.8% in 2004.Conclusions Most pathogens show significant resistance to the most commonly used an- tibiotics.It is very important to select antibiotics for the treatment of infections in ICU based on the results of susceptibility.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of sinus heart rate turbulence(HRT)and the heart rate variability(HRV)in the patients with essential hypertension(EH).Methods HRV and HRT examination were carried out in sixty patients with EH.A subgroup of patients receive metoprolol+nifedipine(n=26)or nife- dipine alone(n=34)were investigated seperately to evaluate the effect of ?-blocker on the HRV and HRT.Fifty healthy persons were served as control.In the HRT determination,turbulence onset(TO)was defined as sinus heart rate acceleration,after ventrieular mature beat while turbulence slope(TS)as sinus heart rate deceleration slope after ventricular premsture beat.Normal value of TO was2.5 ms/RR period. SDNN,RMSSD,LF/HF in HRV were analysed from 24 hours ambulatory electrocardiography(before and after 1 month medication).Results ① In hypertensive group,52 patients showed positive TO(86.6%),48 patients pos- itive TS(80.0%)and 46 patients TO+TS(76.7%),compared with hypertension group only 2(4%)positive TO and 3(6%)positive TS in the healthy control.Forty-two cases SDNN(70.0%),41 cases RMSSD(68.3%)and 38 cases LF/HF(63.3 %)were positive in hypertensive group,while only 1(2 %)SDNN,1(2 %)RMSSD and 3(6 %) LF/HF in control. ② Metoprolol didn't change the positive percentage of parameters in HRT but parameters showing Heart rate variablity in HRV was decreased significantly found between TO,TS and TO+TS.Conclusion HRT and HRV is two indices for determination the dysfunction of autonomic nervous system in hypertension.?-re ceptor blocker inhibit sympathic activity,miligate the decreasing of HRV,but the bipbase accelerative and decelera- tive phenomena of HRT didn't change,HRT seems to be a more sensitive index for monitoring of autonomic sysfunc tion in hypertension.

Objective To explore the operative methods and clinical outcomes in emergency or sube- mergency repair for the complicated tissue defects in hand in first stage applying microsurgical technique. Methods From Jan.,2000 to Aug.,2005,49 emergency cases of complicated hand tissue defects were re- paired in the first stage with replantation,reconstruction,free flaps,combined finger reconstruction and flap transplantation,including 21 cases in mini tissue mass replantation or reconstruction,15 cases in replantation combined with free flap transplantation,8 cases in replantation and reconstruction combined with free flap transplantation,5 cases in combined multiple digits reconstruction with free flap transplantation.The free flap transplantation included the anterolateral femoral flap,the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap,the dorsalis pe- dis flap,the media pedis flap and the instep flap.Results All the flaps,the replanted and reconstruceted finger survived uneventfully except for one replanted finger necrosis.45 cases healed in the first stage and the other 4 cases healed in the second stage.During a follow-up from 6 months to 3 years postoperatively,a satis- factory appearance and function of the reconstructed hand was achieved.The excellent and good rate was 85.7% assessed with provisional functional assessment criterion for upper limbs issued by Chinese Society of Hand Surgery.Conclusion The emergency or subemergency repair for the complicated tissue defects in hand has the advantage of short-term treatment and desirable functional outcome.The emergency replantation and reconstruction combined with various flaps or tissue mass can be applied to repair tissue defect in hand in the first stage according to the position and area of the defect along with the technique level of the surgeon, having been proved to achieve desirable clinical outcomes.And the key points leading to a successful operation is the correct treatment for the raw surface of the defects,suitable choice for various flaps,logical design of combination pattern and prevention and timely treatment for vessel crisis.