This review summarizes the research related to early rehabilitation after cardiac surgery, Including the methods, programs, evaluation and effects of rehabilitation.It is proposed that individualized early rehabilitation after cardiac surgery should be provided; the effect of early rehabilitation needs to be further explored; future research should focus on the medium and long-term effects of rehabilitation.

Objective serous endotoxin(ET) were measured to determine the relationship between serous endotoxin and differ‐ent type of intestinal obstruction in children .Methods 25 inguinal hernia patients and 43 intestinal obstruction patients were classi‐fied into control group(n=25) ,incomplete intestinal obstruction (n=20) and complete intestinal obstruction group without necrosis of intestine (n=23) according to degree of obstruction .Serous endotoxin were measured in different time (the day of admission ,one day after admission or ,preoperation and one day postoperation ) ,and t test is used to determine the difference between them . Results ET in different group was(6 .53 ± 14 .96) ,(4 .40 ± 1 .15) ,(4 .20 ± 1 .20) ,(4 .09 ± 1 .31) ,(3 .70 ± 1 .46)EU/mL ,respec‐tively .There were no difference between each group .Conclusion ET examination suggests there is no difference between different type of intestinal obstruction in children and endotoxemia is not found in intestinal obstruction according to the results .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Qingfei-Jiedu decoction in the treatment of Acne. Methods A total of 93 female patients with acne were randomly divided into 3 groups according to random number table, 31 in each group. The observation group took the oral Qingfei-Jiedu decoction, and the Chinese medicine control group took the oral tanshinone capsule, and the western medicine control group took the oral acetic acid ring propyl alcohol progesterone. All 3 groups were treated for 4 weeks. The levels of serum dihydro (DHT), IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by ELISA. The changes of the lesions before and after treatment were observed and the adverse events were recorded during the treatment. The clinical effect was evaluated. Results After treatment, the serum DHT (56.94 ± 15.74 pg/ml vs. 74.48 ± 18.53 pg/ml, t=2.089), IL-6 (22.84 ± 11.77 pg/ml vs. 30.37 ± 14.50 pg/ml, t=2.135), IL-8 (22.64 ± 7.38 pg/ml vs. 29.54 ± 9.65 pg/ml, t=2.057) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the Chinese medicine control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the disappearance rate of skin lesions (65.4% ± 15.0% vs. 44.7% ± 12.9%, 42.7% ± 13.6%, F=6.862) and comprehensive syndrome effective rate (57.2% ± 12.6% vs. 46.3% ± 12.8%, 44.8% ± 11.7%, F=5.322) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the other two control groups (P<0.05). The observation group and the traditional Chinese medicine control group did not have adverse events, but the western medicine control group showed one case nausea. Conclusions The Qingfei-Jiedu decoction can reduce the level of serum DHT, IL-6 and IL-8 in female patients with acne vulgaris, and improve the skin lesion disappearance rates and comprehensive syndrome rates.

Objective To improve the teaching quality of medical genetics. Methods A medi-cal genetics questionnaire survey was designed and conducted among 2012 grade undergraduates of Kunming Medical University. The results of the questionnaire were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-wallis test. Results The students felt that, there were differences in the importance and difficulty of teaching sections (Z=395.818,Z=117.786,P<0.001). The practical abilities were different after learn-ing (Z=139.364,P<0.001). Most of the students had strong demand for clinical practice and genetic counseling, there were differences in the degree of demand in students of different majors (Z=8.432, P=0.038). Conclusion Method of adjusting teaching content and method was proposed and adding clinical practice in the future was recommend to improve the teaching quality .

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of β₃adrenoceptors (β₃-AR) activation on rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle contractility and the possible related mechanism.

METHODSThe endothelium removed thoracic aorta was pre-contracted with 30 mmol/L KCl physiological saline solution (PSS). Then the tension of the thoracic aorta was recorded in presence of BRL37344 (BRL) to determine the action of β₃-AR. The tension of the thoracic aorta was also recorded in the presence of Propranolol (PRA), SR59230A (SR), L-NNA, H-89 and Iberiotoxin (IBTX) respectively to reveal the underling mechanism of β₃-AR activation on rat vascular smooth muscle. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to confirm the existence and the distribution of β₃-AR in rat thoracic aorta.

RESULTSThe results showed that: (1) The thoracic aorta was relaxed by β₃-AR activation, with a relaxation percentage of (10.59 ± 0.79). (2) β₃-AR was expressed in both endothelial and smooth muscle layer in thoracic aorta sections of rats. (3) PRA did not block the effect of BRL on the thoracic aorta. The relaxation actions of BRL could be antagonized by pre-incubating the thoracic aorta with SR. (4) L-NNA (a NOS inhibitor) and H-89 (a PKA inhibitor) reversed the relaxation effect of BRL on vascular smooth muscle. (5) The effect of BRL was decreased after application of Ibriotoxin (IBTX), a large conductance calcium dependent potassium channel blocker.

CONCLUSIONThe results confirmed that activation of β₃-AR led to relaxation of thoracic aorta smooth muscle. The relaxation action of β₃-AR on smooth muscle of rat thoracic aorta was related to activation of NOS and PKA signaling pathway. Large conductance Ca²⁺-K⁺ channels were involved in the relaxation action of β₃-AR activation on rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoquinolines ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; physiology ; Nitroarginine ; Peptides ; Propanolamines ; Propranolol ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sulfonamides

Objective: To examine the effects of perioperative intravenous administration of flurbiprofen axetil (FA) on pain associated with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.Methods: This was a randomized,controlled study.Eighty-one patients who underwent 12 core prostate biopsy were included in the study.The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n=27 in each) by type of procedure during prostate biopsy.Group intrarectal local anesthesia (IRLA) received intrarectal 5% (0.05 g/L) lidocaine gel 60 mg, 5 minutes before the procedure alone;Group FA received intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (1 mg/kg) 1 hour before the procedure;Group IRLA+FA received intrarectal 5% lidocaine gel 60 mg, 5 minutes before the procedure and intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (1 mg/kg) 1 hour before the procedure.The patients were asked to score the pain by using visual analogue scale (VAS) in 4 situations,including when the probe was inserted (VASⅠ),during anesthesia (VASⅡ),during biopsy (VASⅢ) and 20 minutes after biopsy (VASⅣ).The findings were evaluated with analysis of variance,and the Tukey post hoc test was followed with an overall 2-tailed significance level at α =0.05.P1, P value between Group IRLA and Group FA;P2, P value between Group FA and Group IRLA +FA,P3, P value between Group IRLA and Group IRLA +FA.The bonferroni method was used to adjust the test level, α=0.017,a P value of less than 0.017 was accepted as the threshold for statistical significance.Results: No major complications,including sepsis and severe rectal bleeding,were noted in any patient.There were no differences in general condition of the patients before procedure among the 3 groups.There were statistically significant differences in VAS scores among the 3 groups in VASⅡ (5.7±2.2, 3.0±1.5,3.3±1.9,respectively,P=0.012) and VASⅢ (6.7±2.3,3.0±2.1,2.9±1.6,respectively,P=0.001).There were no differences in the pain scores among the 3 groups during probe insertion (VASⅠ, 3.2±1.0,4.1±2.1,4.2±1.7, respectively,P=5.752) and 20 minutes after biopsy (VASⅣ, 1.4±2.1,1.0±0.9,1.1±0.7,respectively,P=3.772).Between-column differences among the 3 groups were VASⅡ (P1=0.007,P2=5.655,P3=0.001,respectively) and VASⅢ(P1=0.008,P2=7.517,P3=0.001,respectively),the differences between Group IRLA and Group FA,Group IRLA and Group IRLA +FA in VASⅡ and VASⅢ were statistically significant.Conclusion:The intravenous flurbiprofen axetil was found to be more effective than intrarectal lidocaine gel alone.

An HPLC method for the determination of geniposide concentration in mouse plasma was developed and the pharmacokinetics after intranasal administration of Xingnaojing microemulsion (XNJ-M) and mPEG2000-PLA modified Xingnaojing microemulsion (XNJ-MM) were investigated. Eighty mice were treated by XNJ-M and XNJ-MM nasally. The plasma samples were collected at different times and the drug in samples was detected by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the software of Kinetica. The pharmacokinetic parameters of geniposide of XNJ-M were C(max) (4.36 +/- 2.69) mg x L(-1), t(max) 1 min, MRT (29.73 +/- 4.54) min, AUC (53.63 +/- 14.03) mg x L(-1) x min. The pharmacokinetic parameters of geniposide of XNJ-MM were C(max) (9.75 +/- 4.14) mg x L(-1), t(max) 1 min, MRT(22.34 +/- 2.90) min, AUC (131.87 +/- 40.13) mg x L(-1) x min. Geniposide can be absorbed into blood in a higher degree after intranasal administration with XNJ-MM compared to XNJ-M, which maybe caused by its less irritating and more absorption.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; Iridoids ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Polyesters ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Guide county of Qinghai province, in order to provide appropriate measures to monitor and control the disease. Methods Damo, Wenquan, Baoning villages(water source has been changed) and Taiping village(water source has not been changed) in Guide county were involved in the study in 2008. One tap water sample was collected in dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.5-2006); of all the children aged 8 to 12, dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean criteria; 6 copies of urine samples were collected in each age group, urinary fluoride was measured using fluoride ion-selective electrode (WS/T 89-1996). According to the "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis "(WS 192-2008), clinical skeletal fluorosis was determined in adults over the age of 16 by X-ray examination for 10 people in each selected village. Results The mean water fluoride was 0.58,0.38,2.28,0.37 mg/L in Damo, Wenquan, Taiping, and Baoning villages, respectively, and that of Taiping village exceeded the national standard(1.0 mg/L). One hundred and ninety-three children aged 8-12 were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 49.74% (96/193); urine samples of 116 children were tested, median urinary fluoride was 1.49 mg/L A total of 1503 adults over the age of 16 were examined, the clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 51.63%(776/1503); a total of 82 people were X-rayed, X-ray detection of skeletal fluorosis was 20.73%(17/82). The characteristic of X-rays were degeneration and ossification of interosseous membrane. Conclusions Prevalence of dental fluorosis of children and adult clinical skeletal fluorosis are higher. The endemic fluorosis is still comparatively serious. Prevention efforts need to be further strengthened.

How to practice effective bilingual teaching is an urgent problem to solve for western medical school.According to the actual conditions of students and teachers of western medical school,the teaching objective is established as knowledge first,language second.On the basis of students first and step by step proceeding,some teaching methods are used to achieve this teaching objective.The result shows this teaching is effective.

Objective To compare the image quality of renal artery in-flow inversion recovery MR angiography (IFIR MRA), CTA and contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) and to assess the value of renal artery IFIR MRA. Methods Thirty five patients were prospectively included in this study.Renal artery CTA was performed in 19 patients and renal artery CE-MRA was performed in 16 patients. In addition to renal artery CTA or CE-MRA, all patients underwent renal artery IFIR MRA. Two radiologists separately graded renal artery image quality, renal venous artifact and the visualization of renal artery branches regarding these three different techniques. Wilcoxon signed rank test of paired samples was used to compare the grading results, t test of paired samples was applied to compare the results of renal artery (accessory renal artery) trunk diameter. The consistency evaluation of renal artery image quality and renal venous artifact grades between two radiologists employed Kappa analysis. Results There was no significant difference between IFIR MRA and CTA with renal artery image quality and renal venous artifact (P>0.05). There was significant difference between IFIR MRA and CE-MRA with renal artery image quality and renal venous artifact (P<0.05). The consistency evaluation results of renal artery image quality and renal venous artifact grades between two radiologists were both good. Kappa value were 0.425 to 1.000. CTA of 19 cases depicted 48 renal arteries (38 renal arteries, 10 accessory renal arteries), IFIR MRA depicted them all. The grades of visualization of renal artery branches about IFIR MRA and CTA were (3.7 ± 0.7) and (3.8 ± 0.6) respectively, renal artery trunk diameter of IFIR MRA and CTA were (4.9 ± 1.3) and (5.0 ± 1.4) mm respectively, there was no significant difference between IFIR MRA and CTA (P>0.05).CE-MRA of 16 cases depicted 38 renal arteries (32 renal arteries, 6 accessory renal arteries), IFIR MRA depicted them all. The grades of visualization of renal artery branches about IFIR MRA and CE-MRA were (3.4±0.8) and (2.5±0.9) respectively, and there was significant difference between IFIR MRA and CE-MRA (Z=-4.040, P<0.01). Renal artery trunk diameter of IFIR MRA and CE-MRA were (4.7±1.3) and (4.7±1.2) mm respectively, there was no significant difference between IFIR MRA and CE-MRA (P>0.05). Conclusions The image quality of renal artery IFIR MRA was equal to CTA and superior to CE-MRA. It could be considered as an alternative technique for renal artery angiography.