Objective:To explore the clinical application value of group A Streptococcus (GAS) antigen rapid detection method in children suffering from GAS infection.Methods:A total of 44 733 children with suspected GAS infection who were admitted to the Outpatient and Inpatient Departments of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019.Throat swab specimens from all children were collected, and BinaxNOW Strep A Test reagent was used for GAS antigen rapid detection.Among them, the throat swabs of 346 children were inoculated with blood culture medium for traditional bacterial culture, and then the GAS antigen rapid detection was tested.The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were compared, and according to the result of the GAS antigen rapid detection, its age, gender and seasonal trends were analyzed.SPSS 19.0 software was applied for statistical analysis of the data.Results:Among the 346 children tested by both methods, the results of bacterial culture were adopted as the reference method, the sensitivity of the rapid detection method for GAS antigen was 89.41%(152/170 cases), and the specificity was 94.32%(166/176 cases) compared with culture methods.A total of 44 733 cases GAS antigen were tested in children in Shenzhen, of which 10 024 cases were positive, with the positive detection rate of 22.41%.The trend of GAS antigen rapid detection was consistent with the five-year trend, with the high positive rate of 3-8 years, of which 4-6 years of positive rate was the highest.The two seasonal peaks were evident each year, with peaks occurring in April-June, and November and January of next year.The detection rate ratio of male and female was 1.74∶1, and the gender difference was significant ( χ2=27.93, P<0.000 1). GAS antigen rapid detection rate in different clinical departments from high to low in order are as follows: dermatology outpatient (52.34%), emergency clinic (47.74%), internal medicine outpatient (37.36%), infectious disease area (19.71%), five-level disease area (10.27%), internal medicine area (8.63%), surgical areas (7.34%) and neonatal areas (0). Conclusions:GAS antigen rapid detection method and bacterial culture method have high coincidence rate, and high sensitivity and specificity, and can be popularized and applied in the diagnosis of GAS infectious diseases in children.GAS detection rate is higher in outpatient emergency department and dermatology clinics.There are obvious differences from seasonal and population (age and gender) in the positive detection of GAS antigen.No neonates were found.

Adult ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Calcinosis ; complications ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; Female ; HIV Infections ; complications ; pathology ; physiopathology ; HIV-1 ; Heart Diseases ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo establish human colorectal tissue model in HIV-1 mucosal infection and by using pseudotyped virus to simulate the biological process of HIV-1 mucosal infection from HIV-1 entering into mucosa to local infection establishment.

METHODSTumor adjacent normal colorectal tissues were obtained with informed consent. After excised the muscularis externa, the mucosa and submucosa were dissected into the same blocks and cultured in 12-well cell culture plates. The cultured tissue structure and morphology were observed from day 0 to day 13 by staining with the hematoxylin eosin (HE), and the tissue activity was detected by 3(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The established tissues explants were infected by a single cycle replicated pseudotyped virus and propagated for 6 - 7 days, then subjected to the detection of p24 production within supernatant to verify the applicability of the model for the studying of HIV-1 mucosal infection. The applicability of the established explants for safety and reactivity evaluation of mucosa topical drugs was conducted by the using of first generation antiseptic Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) as an example.

RESULTSHE staining showed the structure of colorectal tissue was remained well until 5(th) day and still evident until 13(th) day. The tissue activity of cultured mucosa was above 80% at day 4, and still remained over 50% at day 7 as detected by MTT assay. After infected by pseudo virus, the increased level of p24 was detected from supernatant collected on 1(st), 4(th), 8(th) day, which indicated a local infection was created. In addition, the dose changing of N-9 was reflected sensitively by the activity of this model.

CONCLUSIONEx vivo human colorectal tissue model mimic HIV-1 mucosal infection was established that can be used to replicate the bioprocess of human HIV-1 mucosal infection.

Colon ; pathology ; virology ; HIV Infections ; pathology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; pathology ; virology ; Models, Biological ; Rectum ; pathology ; virology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

This study was aimed to reveal the species characteristics of Chinese patent medicines for antitussive ef-fect and provide references for developing new drugs. This research targeted Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect which were included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the New National Chinese Patent Medicines as well as those characterized by keywords such as cough cure, cough alleviating, antitussive effect, cough, persistent cough. The analysis was made on the species characteristics, such as the number of Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect, license number, ethnomedicine patent medicines, drugs for children use, protection of varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, the number of drugs, the generic names of drug, and drug forms. The results showed that 684 Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect collected in this research had ac-counted for 8.60% of the total 7 260 of Chinese patent medicines. A total of 7 450 license numbers were approved, and 33% of the Chinese patent medicines shares one license number. One Chinese patent medicine owns 16.6 li-cense numbers on average. Ethnomedicine patent medicines had 3 Tibetan prescriptions such as the Shiwuwei Chenxiang pill and 4 Mongolian prescriptions, such as the Siwei Tumuxiang powder. Drugs for children accounted for 14%, including 9 forms. The type of the generic names of drug reached 16 and most of them originate from abbrevia-tions of the main drug in prescription. The number of drugs in prescription ranges from 8 to 16. Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect involved 16 forms, of which the proportion of the use of solid preparation was higher than the liquid preparation. It was concluded that Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect were characterized by such advantages such as a variety of species, various forms, the reasonable number of drugs, considerable medicine retail market share and drug for children use which can meet the clinical needs, and meanwhile some prob-lems, such as a lack of criteria for the generic names of drug, the homogenization of fierce competition, and inade-quacy of ethnomedicine patent medicines.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in distinguishing follicular carcinoma from adenoma.

METHODSThe ultrasound data of 37 patients with histopathologically confirmed follicular carcinomas who were treated in PUMC Hospital from January 2000 to November 2012 were retrospectively studied. In addition, 74 sex-and age-matched patients with histopathologically confirmed adenomas during the same period were enrolled as the control group. The pathologic results were regarded as the gold standard.

RESULTSIrregular shape (32.4% of follicular carcinoma vs 5.4% of adenoma), absence of thin halo (67.6% vs 36.5%), indistinct margin (21.6% vs 1.4%), hypoechoic appearance (64.9% vs 39.2%), punctuate calcification(40.5% vs 13.5%), absence of cystic change (78.4% vs 54.1%), and being complicated with other thyroid disease (56.8% vs 28.4%) were more frequently associated with follicular carcinoma than with benign adenoma (P<0.05). No significant difference in the echotexture and internal flow was observed between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlthough follicular carcinoma and adenoma share many sonographic features, irregular shape, absence of thin halo, indistinct margin, hypoechoic appearance, punctuate calcification, absence of cystic change, and being complicated with other thyroid disease favor a follicular carcinoma diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; diagnostic imaging ; Adenoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; diagnostic imaging ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the influences of different dosage ferrous sulfate supplements on bone marrow hemopoiesis in rats.

METHODSFemale weaning Wistar rats were fed with an iron deficient diet (< 10 mg/kg diet) until the level of hemoglobin of rats was lower than 100 g/L. Rats (n = 50) were randomly divided into five groups according to the levels of hemoglobin and body weight, iron deficiency control (ID), daily low iron diet supplement (LDs), daily high iron diet supplement (HDs), weekly low iron supplement (LWs), and weekly high iron supplement (HWs).

RESULTSAfter 12 weeks, bone marrow stainable iron was seldom in ID group, and ample in supplement groups. The proportions of iron staining of bone marrow smear in supplement groups were more than 30%. Bone marrow cells in all rats were hyperplastic or active hyperplastic.

CONCLUSIONSDaily high iron supplement or once weekly high iron supplement were safe to bone marrow hemopoiesis in rats.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ferrous Compounds ; pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenesis of ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBLs) in post-liver transplant patients and the possible therapeutic mechanisms of sirolimus.

METHODSThe clinic data of 32 post-liver transplant patients with ITBLs from May 2004 to December 2010 was analyzed. There were including 25 male and 7 female patients with a median age of 46 years (ranging from 19 to 61 years). Patients were divided into those who received sirolimus (sirolimus group) and those who did not (control group). The expression of IL-2, FoxP3, and IL-10 in the portal area, liver function indexes, and bile duct injury score were assessed pre-ITBL, when ITBLs were identified, and after 6 months of sirolimus treatment.

RESULTSCompared with pre-ITBL optical density (OD) values, there was a significantly increase in IL-2 OD(0.138 ± 0.050 in control group and 0.141 ± 0.052 in sirolimus group), but not FoxP3 and IL-10 OD in both groups at the time ITBLs were diagnosed. After 6 months of treatment, the IL-2, FoxP3, and IL-10 OD values in the control group were not different from those when ITBLs were diagnosed. There was a significant reduction in post-therapy IL-2 OD(0.107 ± 0.043, t = 2.087, P = 0.044), and a significant elevation in FoxP3(0.213 ± 0.039) and IL-10 OD(0.187 ± 0.048) in sirolimus group as compared with those when ITBLs were diagnosed(t = -3.822 and -4.350, both P < 0.01). There was a significant increase in serum levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and ALP at the time ITBLs were diagnosed compared with pre-ITBL levels in both groups. After 6 months of treatment, the above indexes had not changed in the control group, but significantly improved in the sirolimus group, and the bile duct injury score in the sirolimus group had significantly decreased(4.4 ± 2.4, Z = -2.568, P = 0.010). The 1-year and 3-year graft survival rates in the control group were 6/13 and 5/13, respectively, and 17/19 and 13/19, respectively, in the sirolimus group (χ(2) = 7.166, P = 0.007; χ(2) = 5.398, P = 0.020, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSSirolimus can downregulate IL-2 expression and upregulate FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, thereby stimulating FoxP3+ Treg cells, suppressing immunopathological damage, and promoting epithelial repair in bile ducts.

Adult ; Bile Duct Diseases ; drug therapy ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Ischemia ; diet therapy ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; drug therapy ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo research the clinical feasibility of emergency right lobe adult-to-adult live-donor liver transplantation in treating acute liver failure following severe hepatitis.

METHODSConsecutive ten severe hepatitis patients (4 acute-on-chronic severe hepatitis and 6 acute severe hepatitis; 9 caused by HBV and 1 with drug-induced acute liver failure) underwent emergency right lobe adult-to-adult live-donor liver transplantation in our hospital from April 2007 to December 2007. The +/- s of model for end-stage liver disease score was 33.22 +/- 6.55. The outcomes of these recipients were prospectively analyzed.

RESULTSAmong them, 8 ABO blood group were identical and 2 compatible. One was Rh sub-group negative. Except 2 recipients died (1 acute renal failure caused by veno cava thrombosis, 1 liver graft lose caused by hepatic artery thrombosis), the rest of recipients (80%) and all donors were safe. The mean graft-to-recipient weight ratio was (1.19 +/- 0.14)%, and graft volume to recipient estimated standard liver volume ratio was (65.13 +/- 8.75)%. Right lobe grafts with middle hepatic vein (MHV) 3 cases, without MHV 4 cases, without MHV but followed by V and VIII hepatic vein outflow reconstruction 3 cases. Encouraging outcome was achieved in this group of recipient: elevated serum creatinine, serum endotoxin, decreased serum prothrombin activity (PTA) and total bilirubin returned to normal about on postoperative day (POD) 3, POD 7, POD 14 and POD 28, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSOutcomes of emergency right lobe adult-to-adult live-donor liver transplantation for acute hepatic failure following severe hepatitis are fairly encouraging and acceptable. emergency right lobe adult-to-adult live-donor liver transplantation is an effective and life-saving modality for acute liver failure following severe hepatitis.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute ; etiology ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To explore the kinematics characteristics of obstacle crossing in old people with high or low falling risks in Community. Methods:From July to September, 2016, 27 old persons in community were divided into high falling risk group (H group, n = 15) and low fall risk group (L group, n = 12) according to the performance of Timed "Up and Go" Test and Five Times Sit to Stand Test. The kinematics characteristics were analyzed with Ariel Performance Analysis System as obstacle crossing. Results:The total time of crossing and the swing time of crossing legs were longer in H group than in L group (t > 2.073, P < 0.05), and the maximum height of standardized centre of mass was less in H group than in L group (t =-2.014, P < 0.05). As the crossing leg was just above the obstacle, the angle of knee of crossing leg was more in H group than in L group (t > 2.106, P < 0.05), the velocity of hip of crossing leg was less in H group than in L group (t = -2.119, P < 0.05), and the acceleration of ankle of swinging leg was less in H group than in L group (t = -3.038, P < 0.05). Conclusion:When the old people cross the obstacle, they trend to fall if they spend more time to overcome, lower in mass centre, in less speed of crossing hip and less acceleration of swinging ankle.

This study was aimed to reveal characteristics of functions, main indications and applications of Chinese patent medicines in order to provide references for development of new Chinese patent medicines for antitussive ef-fect. Chinese patent medicines recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the New Na-tional Chinese Patent Medicines were taken as research subjects. Chinese patent medicines classified in the function and indication with key words of cough-relieving, cough-suppressing, cough and chronic cough were col-lected. Analysis was made on the prescription characteristics, such as functions, main indications and applications. The results showed that there were 684 Chinese patent medicines and 462 terms, which were used for a total of 1533 times. The frequently-used terms are antitussive effect with expectorant, antitussive effect, expectorant, heat-clearing and exterior-releasing, antiasthmatic, wind-expelling and antipyretic, antitussive effect with antiasthmatic, purging lung heat, relieving exterior syndrome and moistening the lungs. All 684 Chinese patent medicines were used 48 ma-jor treatments for a total of 1107 times. The main indications include acute and chronic trachitis / bronchitis, exoge-nous wind-heat type of common cold, exogenous wind-cold type of common cold, cough with abundance of phlegm due to phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, acute upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, acute and chronic pharyngi-tis, lung heat cough, and etc. All 684 Chinese patent medicines used a total of 537 kinds of herbs and chemical medicines, including 441 kinds of herbal medicine, 36 kinds of animal medicine, 25 kinds of mineral medicine and 35 kinds of chemical medicine. The top ten herbs in terms of using frequency are Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma, Platycodonis radix, Armeniacae semen amarum, Menthae haplocalycis herba, Citri reticulatae pericarpium, Ephedrae herba, Scutellariae radix, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt, Pinelliae rhizoma, Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus. Among them, 1/4 of Chinese patent medicines used extract. Five kinds of food or fruits were also used, which were orange, fresh gin-ger, pear, watermelon and dried mushroom. It was concluded that Chinese patent medicines for antitussive effect can be adopted in the treatment of various kinds of diseases, especially for the treatment of cough(heat cough in partic-ular), abundance of phlegm, asthma, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and etc. The treatment methods of clearing heat, dis-pelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome played an important role in the realization of antitussive effect. However, the expression of functions and main indications is far from standardized and clear. Drugs commonly used are herbal medicine plus animal medicine, mineral medicine and chemical medicine as well as food and fruit. The discovery of preparations with certain clinical curative effect from ethnomedicine and the using of their extracts as a major ingre-dient are one important way to develop new Chinese patent medicines with antitussive effect.