Objective To describe the pathogenic and serological test results of the plague in China from 2001 to 2009, and human and animal plague distribution. Methods Through access to information of the plague surveillance report in China from 2002 to 2010, national plague pathogenic and serological test results and the epidemic situation were analyzed from 2001 to 2009. Results From 2001 to 2009, 2966 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated in the seven provinces which were Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and Inner Mongolia. Of these, 1 138 000 animals were detected by bacteriological method, 1998 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated;379 227 groups of intermediary animals were detected, 927 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated;41 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from human body. Animal serums of 1 169 702 were detected by indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA), of these 3177 animal serums were positive, 168 human serums were positive;53 323 animal samples were detected by reverse indirect hemagglutination assay(RIHA), of these 500 were positive. There were outbreak or epidemic of plague in 9 types of plague foci, 2925 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated. Two animals and 6 fleas were judged as new reservoir and new vector. There were 23 counties of 6 provinces were judged as plague new natural foci counties. Conclusions The plague epidemic in China is still serious between 2001 and 2009. There are nine types of foci in the active state.

Objective To study the effect of baclofen and physical therapy on spasticity after cerebral traumatic injury.Methods20 Patients accepted Baclofen and physical therapy for 3～6 months.Blood and urine routine test,hepatic and renal function were monitored before and every 2 months after treatment.Modified Ashworth scale and Modified Barthel Index(MBI)were used for evaluation.ResultsTheir muscular tension was significantly improved(P<0.01)after treatment,as well as the MBI(P<0.01).1 case was very effective,9 cases were effective,8 cases were improved,2 cases were not effective.No side-effect was observed.ConclusionBaclofen and physical therapy is effective on spasticity after cerebral traumatic injury,especially intervening at the early stage.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Guide county of Qinghai province, in order to provide appropriate measures to monitor and control the disease. Methods Damo, Wenquan, Baoning villages(water source has been changed) and Taiping village(water source has not been changed) in Guide county were involved in the study in 2008. One tap water sample was collected in dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.5-2006); of all the children aged 8 to 12, dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean criteria; 6 copies of urine samples were collected in each age group, urinary fluoride was measured using fluoride ion-selective electrode (WS/T 89-1996). According to the "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis "(WS 192-2008), clinical skeletal fluorosis was determined in adults over the age of 16 by X-ray examination for 10 people in each selected village. Results The mean water fluoride was 0.58,0.38,2.28,0.37 mg/L in Damo, Wenquan, Taiping, and Baoning villages, respectively, and that of Taiping village exceeded the national standard(1.0 mg/L). One hundred and ninety-three children aged 8-12 were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 49.74% (96/193); urine samples of 116 children were tested, median urinary fluoride was 1.49 mg/L A total of 1503 adults over the age of 16 were examined, the clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 51.63%(776/1503); a total of 82 people were X-rayed, X-ray detection of skeletal fluorosis was 20.73%(17/82). The characteristic of X-rays were degeneration and ossification of interosseous membrane. Conclusions Prevalence of dental fluorosis of children and adult clinical skeletal fluorosis are higher. The endemic fluorosis is still comparatively serious. Prevention efforts need to be further strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary function during short duration of general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, and assess the safety of controlled spontaneous respiration during general anesthesia.

METHODSFifty-three adult patients (aged 18-55 years, ASA physical status I-II) scheduled for elective unilateral tympanoplasty were randomly assigned into mechanical ventilation group (group M, n=28) and spontaneous respiration group (group S, n=25). Anesthesia induction was performed in group M with intravenous propofol (2 mg/kg), fentanyl (3 microg

RESULTSA total of 43 patients (group M, n=23; group S, n=20) were included in the study with 10 dropouts due to failed attempt to obtain arterial blood samples (8 patients) or severe bucking during intubation (2 patients). No significant differences were found in HR and MAP between the two groups (P>0.05). The pH and SpO(2) [ (97.9-/+1.00)% at the lowest] and PaO(2) in group S were significantly lower and the PaCO(2) was higher than those in group M (P<0.05). In group S, the pH values were 7.274-/+0.025 and 7.331-/+0.039, PaCO(2) values were 60-/+6 and 53-/+5 mmHg, and PETCO(2) values were 53-/+ 6 and 48-/+7 mmHg, and the PaO(2) values were 143-/+37 and 165-/+49 mmHg immediately and 150 min after the intubation, respectively. These values were considered safe under the concept of permissive hypercapnia. No significant differences were found in the P(A-a)DO(2), RI, VD/VT and TFC between or within the two groups (P>0.05), nor were moving, bucking, swallowing and awareness recorded during the surgical procedures.

CONCLUSIONIn essentially normal lungs, short-term mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation does not damage the lung functions, and spontaneous respiration can offer sufficient oxygen supply without causing harmful carbon dioxide retention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lung ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods ; Tympanoplasty ; methods ; Young Adult

0.05).Conclusion Compared with multi-breath hold GRAPPA technique,single breath hold TSENSE technique is a fast,accurate and reproducible method and can be an substitute for GRAPPA to evaluate ventricular function.

Objective To find out the distribution of drinking-tea-borne fluorosis in the six ethnics in Qinghai Province, and to provide basic data for prevention and control of the disease. Methods In 2010, according to the requirement of “The National Surveillance Program of Drinking-Tea-borne Fluorosis”, six ethnics accounted for 99.59% of total population in Qinghai Province were investigated in 28 counties having brick-tea drinking habit. Three townships and a town in each county, two administrative villages(residents’ committee) in each township and town were chosen and 50 adults in each administrative village and residents ’ committee were selected to check skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, urine fluoride and daily drinking amount of tea water. Five to six samples of drinking tea water were determined. Dental fluorosis was examined by Deans method; the fluoride content of brick-tea and urine were determined by fluoride ion selective electrode; the skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed based on “Endemic Osteofluorosis Clinical Indexing Diagnosis Standard”( WS 192-2008 ) . Results A total of 10 335 adults were surveyed, the number of Tibetan, Han, Hui, Mongolian, Tu and Salar ethnics were 4 972, 3 063, 1 196, 634, 235 and 235, respectively. The daily drinking amounts of tea water in Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Han and Salar ethnics were 2.53, 2.19, 1.74, 1.63, 1.22 and 1.07 L, respectively. Daily fluoride intakes in Tibetan, Mongolian, Tu, Hui, Han and Salar ethnics were 3.99, 2.78,2.27, 2.16, 1.78 and 1.28 mg, respectively. The medians of urinary fluoride concentration of the Tibetan, Tu, Hui, Han, Mongolian and Salar ethnics were 1.46, 1.19, 1.12, 0.98, 0.93 and 0.81 mg/L, respectively. The prevalence rates of dental fluorosis of the Hui, Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Salar ethnics were 34.53%(413/1 196), 27.07%(829/3 063), 21.60%(1 074/4 972), 20.00%(47/235), 17.98%(114/634) and 6.38%(15/235), respectively. The incidence rates of clinical skeletal fluorosis of the Tibetan, Mongolian, Han, Hui, Tu and Salar ethnics were 13.42%(667/4 972), 11.04%(70/634), 9.31%(285/3 063), 7.61%(91/1 196), 5.53%(13/235) and 4.26%(10/235), respectively. Conclusions The distribution and prevalent status of drinking-tea-borne fluorosis in the six ethnics of Qinghai Province are different. Tibetan and Mongolian ethnics are the key population concerning the prevention and control of the disease.

Objective To observe the state of endemic flurosis, construction and running status of water improvement projects in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment fluorosis. Methods Water samples of the diseased and nondiseased villeges were collected from east, west, south, north and centre of each villege in 2005, and fluoride concentration was determined for each surveyed village with unimproved-water. At the same time, all the tap water and source water samples were collected to determine fluoride concentration in each water-improved village surveyed. In 2008, all the endemic fluorosis villages in Guied county were divided into slight, medium and heavy types according to the water fluoride content before water improved, and 1,1,3 survey villages were chosen from each type. In all of the village children aged 8 to 12 years were tested for dental fluorosis by Dean method. Six copies of the urinary fluoride were sampled in different age groups. The fluorine content in water and urine was determined by F-ion selective electrode. The situation of clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was investigated, 20 adults (evenly divided between men and women) in the villages of medium and heavy types were examined by X-ray for skeletal fluorosis. Results In 3 village fluoride content of drinking water exceeded the national drinking water standards ( <1.0 mg/L) of 85 surveyed villages with improved-water. Among the 16 projects, 8 were intermittently running and 3 were retired, leaving only 31.25% of the projects active. Theprevalence of enamel fluorosis was 41.13%( 116/282), that of skeletal flurosis was 47.95%(969/2021) and that of X-ray checked was 20.73% (17/82). The median of urine fluoride was 1.06 mg/L and the scope was 0.20 - 9.44 mg/L.Conclusions Most of the improved-water projects do not normally supply water in the disease ward of Guide county. Therefore, there is an increasing trend of the disease, so further control measures are needed.

OBJECTIVEAt present there is no effective therapeutic approach for stage IV neuroblastoma. We report our experience with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a means of treating this disorder in one child.

METHODSA 7-year-old boy with stage IV neuroblastoma received allogenetic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The donor was his mother who was haploid HLA-matched to the patient. Conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabin and melphalan. Stem cells were collected from peripheral blood and bone marrow of the donor.

RESULTSThe patient achieved hematopoietic reconstruction and was converted to full donor chimerism according to short tandem repeat sequence-polymerase chain reaction detection. The patient's neutrophil count recovered to more than 0.5 x 10(9)/L 10 days after transplantation. The patient's platelet count recovered to more than 20 x 10(9)/L 11 days after transplantation. Acute graft versus host disease occurred 8 days after transplantation and was improved after treatment. The patient survived in a 210-day-follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSHaploid HLA-matched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from parent donor was an alternative, safe and effective treatment for children with stage IV neuroblastoma.

Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft vs Host Disease ; drug therapy ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neuroblastoma ; pathology ; therapy ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of B lymphocyte stimulator (BlyS) and its receptors in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and to explore the relationship between BLyS and the development of human multiple myeloma.

METHODSFlow cytometry, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of BLyS and its receptors in MM (KM3 and CZ1) cells. Fluorescence immunocytochemical method and confocal laser scanning technique were applied to the localization of BLyS in KM3 cell. WST proliferation assay was used to examine the effect of BLyS on MM cells growth and survival. Linear correlation analysis was used to detect LDH and beta 2-microglobulin (beta2M) levels with BLyS protein and mRNA expressions in MM patients.

RESULTS(1) BLyS and its receptors were expressed in MM cells. (2) BLyS protein was localized on the KM3 plasma membrane. (3) BLyS promoted survival and proliferation of MM cells. (4) MM patients had significantly higher expression levels of BLyS [77.42% (24/31)] BLyS mRNA [93.55% (29/31)], which were significantly correlated with the levels of LDH and beta 2-microglobulin (beta2M).

CONCLUSIONBLyS and its receptors in MM cell lines and MM patient bone marrow might have a potential role in the growth and survival of malignant plasma cells.

Aged ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; metabolism

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the maintenance therapy following an anti-CD19-CAR T-cell therapy for a B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient who relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and investigate the effect of donor stem cells and donor T lymphocyte infusion on the amplification of CD19 CAR-T cells.Methods:One refractory B-ALL patient relapsed after murine CD19 CAR-T cell therapy followed by a sibling allo-HSCT. He underwent a humanized CD19 CAR-T cell therapy followed by donor stem cell and donor T lymphocytes infusions as maintenance therapy in our hospital. The level of cytokines, the proportion of CD19 CAR-T cell, the level of CAR19 DNA expression in the peripheral blood, and the proportion of leukemia cells and donor chimerism in the bone marrow were detected. Correspondingly, T lymphocytes from the C57 spleen were separated to modify the CD19 CAR lentivirus and refused into C57 mice, and after 14 days, the B lymphocytes from C57 mice were separated and refused into the same C57 mice. The CD19 CAR T cells, B cells, and CD19 CAR gene counts in the peripheral blood were evaluated at different time points.Results:①The patient achieved a complete response (CR) 14 days after a humanized CD19 CAR-T therapy with grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and restored a donor chimerism to 99.76%. ② Following the remission from humanized CD19 CAR-T therapy, the patient received a maintenance therapy of donor stem cell infusion. Mild graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) manifested 24 days after infusion with an increased proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and an increased level of CAR19 DNA expression in the peripheral blood. It fell with the remission of GVHD. The patient maintained CR and 99.69% donor chimerism during this period. ③ Throughout the subsequent donor T lymphocytes maintenance therapy, mild GVHD surfaced12 days after infusion without an increased proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and an increased level of CAR19 DNA expression in the peripheral blood. The patient maintained CR and 99.87% donor chimerism during this period. ④ In vivo experiments on C57 mice confirmed that the proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and the level of CAR19 DNA expression were upregulated in mice following CAR-T cell infusion, accompanied by depletion of CD19 + B lymphocyte. After infusion of CD19 + B lymphocyte cells, an increased proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and an increased level of CAR19 DNA expression in the peripheral blood were observed again. Conclusions:The infusion of donor stem cells and donor T lymphocytes could be used as a maintenance treatment after CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for B-ALL patients who relapsed after allo-HSCT. Infusion of donor stem cells induced an increased proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and an increased level of CAR19 DNA expression with the occurrence of GVHD. It might lead to further elimination of minimal residual disease.