Biomedical Research ; Dental Research ; Humans ; Taste ; Taste Buds ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of combined therapy of shenmai and compound danshen injection (SM-DS) on myocardial reperfusion injury after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSThirty-eight AMI patients who received PCI were randomly divided into two groups, the 19 patients in the treated group were treated with SM-DS before and after PCI. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients' venous blood were measured at different time-points, and the integrated left ventricular ejection isometric index (Tei) was determined by echocardiogram.

RESULTSAs compared with before operation in the treated group, MDA was higher and SOD was lower at 2 hrs, 24 hrs after operation (P < 0.05); IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly lower at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 1 week (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and the Tei began to be improved at 24 hrs (P < 0.05) and significantly improved at 1 week after operation (P < 0.01). While in the control group, MDA was higher and SOD was obviously lower at 2 hrs and 24 hrs (P < 0.01); lowering of IL-6 and TNF-alpha appeared at 1 week (P < 0.05) and improving of Tei index revealed 1 week after operation respectively (P < 0.05). Comparison between the two groups showed significant difference in levels of MDA and SOD at 2 hrs and 24 hrs (P < 0.01); significant difference in levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 1 week; and in Tei index at 24 hrs and 1 week after operation (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSM-DS could reduce the myocardial reperfusion injury in patients with AMI after PCI.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Salvia miltiorrhiza

Objective To explore the effects of coriafia lactone (CL)-activated astrocytes (Ast) conditioned medium (ACM) on the expressions of glutamate (Glu) and GluR2 in the brain of rat. Methods Asts of hippocampus were cultured according to the McCarthy and DeVellis's method, and then the ACM was collected. Forty-eight male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=16) and the CL group (n=32). Rats in the control group were administered 10 μL ACM I. C. V., which was not added any stimulating substance. Rats of the CL group were injected I. C. V. 10 μL CL-activated ACM. The rats in both groups were subdivided into post-injection 2,4,8,12h subgroups, 4 in each subgroup in the control group and 8 in each subgroup in the CL group. The behaviors of the rats were observed and the expressions of Glu and GluR2 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The content of GluR2 was tested with Western blot. Results The rats injected with CL-activated ACM showed seizure activities, whereas the rats of the control group showed no seizure activities. The expression of Glu in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the brains injected with CL-activated ACM was increased compared with the control group at 4h (P<0.05), but the expression of GluR2 was attenuated compared with the control group at 4h(P<0.05). The results of GluR2 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus detected with Western blot were different significantly with control group (P<0.05). Conclusion CL-activated ACM can enhance the expression of Glu and reduce the expression of GluR2 in the brain of rat, resulting in the activation of AMPA pathway and the Ca2+ influx, and then induce seizure activities.

Objective To develop diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis(DN HD) self-management scale and evaluate its reliability and validity,and to provide a measurement tool for the assessment of self management status in patients with DN HD.Methods The original item pool was formulated through literature review and the theory of chronic disease self-management.After specialist evaluation and pre-investigation,the preliminary scale was developed,then it was used to investigate 150 DN HD patients,and a series of statistic analysis was conducted to deduce the items to 30,the reliability and validity of the scale also were tested.Results The response rate of acceptance test was 90.7％ and effective rate was 94.1％.The total Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.836,and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension of the scale ranged from 0.701 to 0.822 ; the retest reliability was 0.970 ; the content validity index (CVI) was 0.925.Self-efficacy for managing chronic disease scale was used as the criterion,positive correlation was found between self-efficacy and self-management (P ＜0.01).Six common factors were extracted by factor analysis,and the cumtlative contribution rate was 54.042％,these were consistency with the expected structure.Conclusions The DN HD self-management scale has good reliability,validity and feasibility,which can be applied to evaluate the self-management status of DN HD patients.

AIMTo study the effect of different intervals between occlusions of vertebral arteries and bilateral common carotid arteries on the Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemic model, and the features of ischemia of the brainstem and hippocampus induced by occulusion of bilateral common carotid arteries under the condition of occlusion of unilateral vertebral artery.

METHODSEighty four adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group, bilateral vertebral artery occluding group, global brain ischemic insult group, and unilateral vertebral artery occluding plus bilateral common carotid arteries occluding group. In the global brain ischemic insult group, rats were further divided into 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h interval subgroups according to the interval between the occlusion of the vertebral arteries and bilateral common carotid arteries. The responses including enlarging of pupils and the light reflex during the brain ischemia were observed. The duration of right reflex disappearing, the general state, and the delayed neuronal death (DND) of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus of the rats after the brain ischemia were also observed.

RESULTSAmong the global brain ischemic insult group, both the responses and DND were more severe in 72 h interval subgroup than those in 24 h and 48 h interval subgroups. There was no significant difference between 24 h and 48 h interval subgroups. When the bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded under the condition of occlusion of unilateral vertebral artery, severe DND was observed in the CA1 hippocampus ipsilateral to the occluding vertebral artery, but no significant DND was observed in the contralateral CA1 hippocampus.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that the prior occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries during producing Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemic model might be a cerebral ischemic preconditioning that could protect to some extent pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus against severe ischemic insult induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries within 48 h. Moreover, There is ipsilateral predominance of blood perfusion from one side of vertebral artery to the brainstem and hippocampus, although there was Willis artery circle in rats.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; prevention & control ; Hippocampus ; blood supply ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vertebral Artery ; pathology

The method of monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay has a great importance in the study of quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and detection of trace components in vivo animals. Synthesis of small molecule artificial antigen is the prerequisite for the establishment of this method. In present study, catalpol-BSA was synthesized by sodium periodate oxidation method. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS) and molecular exclusion chromatography showed that catalpol was successfully conjugated with BSA. The mice could specifically produce anti-catalpol antibodies with titer up to 1:8000. The artificial antigen of catalpol was successfully synthesized.
Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Antigens ; chemistry ; immunology ; Immunoassay ; Iridoid Glucosides ; chemistry ; immunology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; chemistry ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anatomic feature of the canal isthmus of mandibular permanent incisors by Micro-CT.

METHODSThirty-three mandibular permanent incisors with two canals were selected through the radiograph in proximal view. These teeth were then scanned using Micro-CT and reconstructed. The scanning layer thickness was 20 microm. We observed the apical 6 mm of the 33 roots, and 300 sections were gained each tooth, giving a total of 9900 sections. The numbers of canals at each level in the apical 6 mm were recorded. The numbers of sections showing isthmuses at each level of the root canals were recorded too. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square statistic to test the null hypothesis that location of the sections in each of the apical 6 mm and presence of the isthmus were independent. The minimum root canal wall thickness was measured in each of the apical 6 mm of the roots.

RESULTSIsthmuses were found to be present at all levels with prevalence from 10.0% to 85.5%. The Chi-square test indicated a significant difference in the distribution of isthmuses with section (P = 0.0O1). The incidence of isthmuses was higher at the apical 3-6 mm level, and the highest incidence (85.5%) was at 5 mm level. There were many more sections containing complete isthmuses (49.7%) than those containing partial isthmuses (4.5%). The thickness of the minimum root canal was less than 0.5 mm.

CONCLUSIONThe mandibular incisors have a high incidence of isthmus and are narrow in proximal direction. Debridement of the isthmus is a major challenge during surgical and nonsurgical root canal treatment.

Dental Pulp Cavity ; Humans ; Incisor ; Mandible ; Molar ; Tooth Apex ; X-Ray Microtomography

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effects of Tongxinluo (TXL) on apoptosis of rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (RCMECs) resulting from homocysteine (Hcy) induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and to determine the signaling pathway behind its protection.

METHODSPrimary cultured RCMECs were isolated from neonatal rats using tissue explant method. The morphology of RCMECs was observed using inverted microscope, identified and differentiated by CD31 immunofluorescence method. Selected were well growing 2nd-4th generations of RCMECs. The optimal action time was determined by detecting the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) using immunofluorescence method. In the next experiment RCMECs were divided into 5 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the Hcy induced group (Hcy 10 mmol/L, 10 h), the Hcy + TXL group (Hcy 10 mmol/L + TXL 400 µg/mL), the Hcy +LY294002 group (Hcy 10 mmol/L + LY294002 5 µmol/L, LY294002 as the inhibitor of PI3K), the Hcy + LY294002 + TXL group (Hcy 10 mmol/L + LY294002 5 µmol/L + TXL 400 µg/mL). The apoptosis rate of RCMECs was detected by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, C/ EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-12 (caspase12) were detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. Expression levels of phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P-PI3K), total phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (T- P13K) , phosphorylation of kinase B (P-Akt) , and total kinase B (T-Akt) were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSTen hours Hcy action time was determined. Compared with the blank control group, the apoptosis rate was increased (22.77%), mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12 were increased, protein expressions of P-PI3K and P-Akt,ratios of P-PI3K/T-PI3K and P-Akt/T-Akt were decreased in the Hcy induced group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Hcy induced group, the apoptosis rate was decreased (10.17%), mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12 were decreased, and expression levels of P-PI3K, P-Akt, P-PI3K/T-PI3K, and P-Akt/T-Akt were increased in the Hcy + TXL group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Hcy + TXL group, the apoptosis rate was increased (17.9%), mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12 were increased, expression levels of P-PI3K and P-Akt, ratios of P-PI3K/T-PI3K and P-Akt/T-Akt were decreased in the Hcy + TXL + LY294002 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTXL could inhibit the apoptosis of RCMECs resulting from Hcy-induced ERS and its mechanism might be associated with activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 12 ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Myocardium ; cytology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor CHOP ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of allogenic strut bone graft and instrumentation for anterior cervical fusion following subtotal corpectomy and decompression in cervical myelopathy.

METHODSThirty-five patients with cervical myelopathy were treated by the procedure of allogenic strut bone graft and instrumentation for anterior cervical fusion following subtotal corpectomy and decompression. The preoperative average JOA scale score was 8.7 point (Range 4-15).

RESULTSSixty-nine vertebral were corpectomized and 104 levels were decompressed and fused with an average of 3 levels. Among the cases, 1 vertebrae was corpectomized in 7 cases, 2 vertebra in 22 cases, 3 vertebra in 6 cases. There were no surgery-related complications. The patients were followed up from 11-37 months, with an average of 17.4 months. No plate breakage, screw loose, graft infection, lysis and absorption was discovered. The fusion rate was 100%, the average time of fusion was 9.3 months (range from 6-15 months). The postoperative average JOA scale score was 14.8 point (range 7-17), the recovery ratio was 73.5% and the excellent and good results was 82.8%.

CONCLUSIONSThe use of allogenic strut bone graft and instrumentation for anterior cervical fusion following subtotal corpectomy and decompression in cervical myelopathy may not only simplify surgical procedure and decrease injuries and complications, but also the fusion is satisfactory and reliable.

Bone Transplantation ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Male ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Osteophytosis ; surgery ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

Purpose :To investigate the relationship of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets with the acuterejection or severe CMV infection in transplanted patients. Methods :T-lymphocytes subsets of peripheral bloodwere consecutively detected by using mice-verse-human T-lymphocytes subsets monoclonal antibody-OKT serialsand flow cytometer. Results:The difference of CD4/CD8 ratios between the no acute rejection group and the acuterejection group, or between the acute rejection remission group and the resistant acute rejection group was signif-icant ( P ＜0.05); In patients with intensive CMV infection, the CD4/CD8 ratios were converse to the acute re-jection group. Conclusions:These results indicated that monitoring of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets wasof much benefit to early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute rejection of intensive CMV infection and rea-sonable treatment.