This article introduces cryosurgery devices, cryopreservation devices, some cryogenic freezing methods in medicine and the recent progress about cryotherapy technology.
Cryopreservation ; instrumentation ; Cryotherapy ; instrumentation ; methods

BackgroundThe immunotherapy for retinoblastoma(RB) is gradually concerned recent year.To seek relative immune-associated antigen is a basis of immunotherapy.NY-ESO-1 and NY-SAR-35 are two kinds of genes of cancer testis antigen( CTA ).To understand their expressions in RB tissue can offer index for relative study.ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the expressions of two CTA NY-ESO-1 and NY-SAR-35 in RB and explore the possibility of them as potentially promising targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy of RB.Methods The samples were obtained from 15 RB eyes,12 non-tumor retinopathy eyes and 22 normal eyes with other benign eye diseases.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of NY-ESO-1 mRNA and NY-SAR-35 mRNA in the samples.Genes of positive PCR results were sequenced randomly.The relevance of the expression of the two cancer-testis antigen genes with the clinical characteristics such as tumor stage,tumor size and clinical stage were analyzed.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Guangxi Medical University.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before operation. Results NY-ESO-1 mRNA was positively expressed in 6 RB samples and NY-SAR-35 mRNA was expressed in 9 RB samples.In the non-tumor retinopathy samples and normal eye tissues,NY-ESO-1 mRNA and NY-SAR-35 mRNA were absent.No significant relevances were found between the expressions of the NY-ESO-1 mRNA and NY-SAR-35 mRNA with clinical characteristics such as age ( P =0.426,0.822 ),gender ( P =0.180,0.464 ),pathological classification ( P =0.744,0.582 ),tumor size ( P =0.760,0.790),and clinical stage ( P =0.868,0.707 ).Conclusions NY-ESO-1 and NY-SAR-35 have high expressing frequencies in RB tissue and their expressions in RB have specificity.These results offer a clue for the identification of targets antigen of RB.

Seven compounds were isolated from fermentation extract of cave-derived Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 by silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC and other chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS and NMR methods as 2,3-dehydroindigotide G (1), (-)-regiolone (2), naphtho-γ-pyrone (3), indigotide G (4), indigotide B (5) destruxin A (6) and destruxin B (7). Compound 1 is a new glycoside naphthopyranone compound. The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of these compounds was evaluated. The EC₅₀ and CC₅₀ of compound 3 against HBV were 4.5 μmol·L^-1 and 92.3 μmol·L^-1, respectively. This is the first report of the antiviral activity of compound 3.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of rAAV-HIF-1α on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of Alzheimer disease (AD).

METHODSThirty-two male SD rats (250-300 g) were randomized into 4 groups (n=8), including the normal control group without any treatment, AD model group with right intracerebroventricular injection of 2 µl Aβ25-35 (10 mg/m1), sham-operated group with right intracerebroventricular injection of 2 µl normal saline, and AD+ rAAV-HIF-1α group with right intracerebroventricular injection of 10 µl rAAV-HIF-1a (1×10¹² v.g./m1) one week after Aβ25-35 injection. The rats were sacrificed to detect the expression of HIF-1α and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons 5 weeks after Aβ25-35 or saline injection.

RESULTSWestern blotting showed that the expression of HIF-1α was significantly higher in AD+rAAV-HIF-1α group (451.59±34.39) than in normal control group (229.05±41.28) and sham-operated group (216.29±37.08) (P<0.05) without significant difference between the latter two groups. The apoptotic ratio of the hippocampal neurons was significantly higher in AD model group ([19.49±2.59]%) than in normal control group ([5.41±0.75]%) and sham-operated group ([5.28±0.66]%) in (P<0.05), and intracerebroventricular injection of rAAV-HIF-1α resulted in a significant reduction of the apoptotic ratio in the AD rats ([12.07±2.06]%) (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntracerebroventricular injection of rAAV-HIF-1α can inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in the rat model of AD.

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; therapy ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of fast track surgery on patients with gastric cancer in perioperative period.

METHODSNinety-two patients with gastric cancer undergone radical operations were randomly divided into two groups: fast track group (n=46, fast track surgery) and control group(n=46, traditional surgery). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C reaction protein (CRP) in the 92 patients were assayed preoperatively and at day 1, 3, 7 postoperatively, and the resting energy expenditure (REE) was also measured by indirect calorimetry in the morning. The postoperative hospital stay, duration of fever, medical cost, postoperative time of flatus and postoperative complications were recorded and compared respectively.

RESULTSAt postoperative day 1 and 3, serum levels of TNF-alpha were (12.67+/-2.68) fmmol/L and (13.19+/-2.75) fmmol/L in fast track group, (14.74+/-3.18) fmmol/L and (15.56+/-2.99) fmmol/L in control group; serum levels of IL-6 were (112.52+/-24.73) ng/L and (129.03+/-22.75) ng/L in fast track group, (123.90+/-22.52) ng/L and (142.67+/-20.33) ng/L in control group. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in fast track group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P<0.05). At postoperative day 1, 3 and 7, serum levels of CRP in fast track group were significantly lower than those in control group [d1(56.20+/-11.47) g/L vs (71.07+/-17.32) g/L, d3(136.09+/-19.78) g/L vs (157.78+/-28.18) g/L, d7 (48.53+/-12.95) g/L vs (64.72+/-19.73) g/L] (all P<0.05). At postoperative day 1 and day 3, the REE in fast track group were significantly lower those than in control group [d1(5713.96+/-619.44) kJ/d vs (6176.04+/-614.46) kJ/d, d3 (5298.49+/-639.36) kJ/d vs (5627.94+/-656.72) kJ/d] (all P<0.05). The postoperative duration of fever [2(2.0-3.0) d vs 4(2.8-4.0) d], postoperative time of flatus [3(2.0-4.0) d vs 4(3.8-5.0) d], postoperative hospital stay [6(6.0-7.0) d vs 8(7.0-8.3) d] and treatment expense [(27 201+/-3857) Chinese yuan vs (31 006+/-3555) Chinese yuan] in fast track group were also significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in complications between the two groups(P>0.05). The quality of life score on discharge in fast track group was significantly higher than that in control group (15.74+/-1.82 vs 14.67+/-1.27, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONFast track surgery can ameliorate stress reaction, decrease postoperative patients' REE during perioperative period and accelerate the rehabilitation of patients with gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Care ; Rehabilitation ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; rehabilitation ; surgery

Membrane (M) protein genes of 20 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains isolated in China between 1995 and 2004 were sequenced and analyzed. The M genes of twenty isolates were composed of 672 to 681 nucleotides, encoding polypeptides of 223 to 226 amino acid residues. Variations of the deduced amino acids of M gene mainly occurred at positions 2 to 17 and 221 to 233, comparing with that of the IBV strain LX4. There were deletions or insertions in the M gene of Chinese isolates at amino acid position 2 to 6, leading to the loss or gain of a glycosylation site. Phylogenetic tree based on amino acid sequences of M genes from 20 Chinese isolates and 34 reference strains showed that they were classified into five distinct clusters. Most of the Chinese IBV strains were included in clusters II and IV, forming distinct groups. The isolates in cluster II showed a close evolutionary relationship with Taiwan isolates. Furthermore, recombination especially the recombination between field isolates and vaccine strains had been observed while comparing the phylogeny of M genes with those of S1 and N genes.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; Genetic Variation ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo initially evaluate the application of artificial vertebra of n-HA/PA66 in anterior reconstruction of lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation.

METHODSIn this study, 84 patients with lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation received anterior cervical discectomy, spinal canal decompression or subtotal corpectomy, spinal canal decompression and reconstruction by n-HA/PA66 composite artificial vertebral body combined with plate instrumentation. Neurological function was followed up by improvement rate of Frankel and situations of the supporting body was observed by X ray and 3D-CT in 3, 12, 24 months postoperatively. The intervertebral height, physical arc (reflected by Cobb angle) and the locations and fusion rate of the supporting body were assessed in order to evaluate the stability of the cervical spine and alignment improvements.

RESULTSAll the patients underwent operation successfully and were followed up for 6 to 24 months with an average of 12 months. The preoperative symptoms were improved to varying degrees. Imaging studies showed that in all cases graft fusion were achieved, and cervical alignments, intervertebral height, cervical spine stability and the locations of the artificial vertebral body were well maintained. No displacement and subsidence of the artificial vertebral body occurred. Postoperative immediate intervertebral height (2.4 ± 0.2) cm, preoperative intervertebral height (1.9 ± 0.1) cm, comparisons of the two groups was statistically significant (q = 2.48, P < 0.001). The immediate, 3 month, 1 year, 2 year period follow-up group intervertebral height was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Preoperative Cobb angle was 9.8° ± 1.2°, postoperative immediate Cobb angle was 16.6° ± 1.2°, comparisons of the two groups was statistically significant (q = 14.25, P < 0.001). The immediate, 3 month, 1 year, 2 year period follow-up group Cobb angle was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSn-HA/PA66 artificial vertebral body can provide early cervical spine support and stability and effectively maintain the biological alignment and cervical intervertebral height. It has high rate of graft fusion and is convenient to observe by X-ray. Therefore, n-HA/PA66 can be taken as an ideal graft for anterior lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation operation, but further follow-up study is still required to evaluate the long-term effects.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Substitutes ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites ; Joint Dislocations ; complications ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nanostructures ; Nylons ; Spinal Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of resveratrol on amino acid release in cultured astrocytes with stretch injury and explore its possible mechanism for central nervous system protection.

METHODSCultured rat astrocytes were treated with different concentrations of resveratrol for 12 h and the subsequent changes in Glu and Gln release and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) leakage were examined after stretch injury.

RESULTSHigh-performance liquid chromatography showed that stretch injury increased Glu release from the astrocytes (P<0.05), and at the concentration of 1 micromol/L, resveratrol further increased Glu release (P<0.05), whereas at 100 micromol/L, resveratrol obviously inhibit Glu release (P<0.05). LDH leakage increased significantly after stretch injury of the astrocytes (P<0.05), and resveratrol acted to further increase LDH leakage at 1 micromol/L but inhibited LDH leakage at 100 micromol/L (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONResveratrol can inhibit the release of Glu and LDH leakage from rat astrocytes to protect the cells from stretch injury.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamine ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; Stress, Mechanical

High degree atrioventricular block (HDAVB) is a serious complication of transcatheter closure of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD). We report one patient who developed transient HDAVB seven days after transcathter closure of PMVSD and had recurrent HDAVB 42 months after the procedure.
Atrioventricular Block ; etiology ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Septal Occluder Device

Objective:To establish a set of scientific and reasonable indicator system of common prosperity in the field of health, so as to promote the construction and evaluation of the demonstration area of common prosperity with high quality of health.Methods:According to the requirements of promoting common prosperity demonstration area with high quality of health in Zhejiang province, the initial indicator pool was established through literature research and theoretical analysis in July 2021, and experts were convened to carry out expert brainstorming to determine indicator system in the form of meetings. Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the indicator system.Finally, the analytic hierarchy process and percentage weight method were used to calculate the indicator weight value.Results:The final indicator system included 4 first-level indicators and 30 second-level indicators. Among the first-level indicators, the weight values of the development, equilibrium, inclusiveness, and sustainability were 0.326 4, 0.242 8, 0.245 8, and 0.185 0. There were 8 second-level indicators in developmental indicator dimension, of which the indicator with the highest weight was the per capita health expectancy. The balance indicator dimension included 6 second-level indicators, of which the indicator with the highest weight was the per capita financing difference of basic medical insurance between the urban workers with the urban-rural residents. The inclusive indicator dimension included 6 second-level indicators, and the proportion of personal health expenditure to total health expenditure had the highest weight. The sustainability indicator dimension included 10 second-level indicators, and the proportion of government health expenditure in fiscal expenditure had the highest weight.Conclusions:The indicator system constructed in this research could provide certain guidance and reference for promoting the construction of common prosperity in health, and provide some reference for follow-up research in this field.