OBJECTIVETo investigate operative skill and recent clinical effects of remaining bulk ligamentum flava and treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion by micro-endoscope.

METHODSFifty-two cases with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion included 31 males, 21 females; aged from 28 to 45 years,mean 36 years; L(4,5) in 24 cases, L5S1 in 28 cases. Under the micro-endoscope, all patient were excised the vertebral plate partly, decompressed the nerve root, remaining bulk ligament flava and excised the herniated nucleus pulposus.

RESULTSForty-six of 52 patients were followed up for 5 to 51 months with an average of 34.5. According to the effect of Nakai standards,the results were excellent in 34 cases, good in 9 cases, fair in 3 cases. The operation time was 45 to 75 minutes and bleeding was 40 to 80 ml. There were no nerve root injury and endorachis tear complications.

CONCLUSIONThe bulk ligamentum flava remaining cure intervertebral disc protrusion by micro-endoscope, demic natural anatomic structure is retained through technically manipulate and spinalis constancy is kept.

Adult ; Endoscopes ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Ligamentum Flavum ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEInflammation plays a critical role in secondary brain damage after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the mechanisms of inflammatory injury following ICH are still unclear, particularly the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome, which are crucial to sterile inflammatory responses. In this study, we aim to test the hypothesis that NLRP3 signaling pathway takes a vital position in ICH-induced secondary inflammatory damage and detect the role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1 (NMDAR1) in this progress.

METHODSICH was induced in mice by microinjection of hemin into the striatum. The protein levels of NMDAR1, NMDAR1 phosphorylation, NLRP3 and IL-1b were measured by Western blot. The binding of NMDAR1 to NLRP3 was detected by immunoprecipitation.

RESULTSThe expression of NMDAR1, NMDAR1 phosphorylation, NLRP3 and IL-1b were rapidly increased after ICH. Hemin treatment enhanced NMDAR1 expression and NMDAR1 phosphorylation, as well in cultured microglial cells treated by hemin. Hemin up regulated NLRP3 and IL-1b level, which was reversed by MK801 (NMDAR antagonist) in vitro. Hemin also promoted the binding of NMDAR1 to NLRP3.

CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that NMDAR1 plays a pivotal role in hemin-induced NLRP3-mediated inflammatory damage through synergistic activation.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; Hemin ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; etiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

BACKGROUNDContinuous negative pressure drainage (CNPD) is widely used after lower lumbar internal fixation; however, it may cause tremendous blood loss and lead to postoperative hemorrhagic anemia. The present study explored the efficacy and safety of improved intermittent-clamped drainage (ICD) for lower lumbar internal fixation.

METHODSThis was a prospective study that included 156 patients with decompression of the spinal canal and internal fixation for the first time from January 2012 to December 2014. The patients were randomly divided into ICD group and CNPD group, and each group had 78 cases. A drainage tube was placed under the deep fascia in all patients within 10 min after the commencement of wound closure. The postoperative drainage amount at different time points, the hemoglobin level, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Shapiro-Wilk test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used in this study.

RESULTSThe drainage amount was significantly reduced in the ICD group, as compared with the CNPD group (Z = 10.74, P < 0.01). The mean total drainage amount (in ml) of the single-segment and two-segment procedures was significantly greater in the CNPD group than the ICD group (Z = 10.63 and 10.75, respectively; P < 0.01). For the adverse events, there was no significant difference in postoperative temperature, wound problem, and complications between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe present study showed a statistically significant reduction in postoperative drainage amount between ICD and CNPD groups, and ICD is an effective, convenient, and safe method for routine use in lower lumbar surgery. It is essential to focus on the effect of clamping drainage with long-segment surgical procedure and complex lumbar disease in the further investigation, as well as the effect of clamping on long-term functional outcomes.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Cyanocarya paliurus(Batalin)Iljinskaja and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.METHODS The 95%ethanol extract from the leaves of C.paliurus was isolated and purified by macroporous resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,polyamide,C18 reversed-phase silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated by PNPG.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as cyclopaloside C(1),cyclopaloside A(2),juglanosides E(3),vaccinin A(4),ent-murin A(5),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(6),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide methyl ester(8),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide ethyl ester(9),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide butyl ester(10),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(11)quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12),quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(13),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide butyl ester(14),dihydrokaempferol(15).The IC50 value of total extracts ihibited α-glucosidase was(1.83±0.04)μg/mL,and the IC50 values of compounds 1,4-5 were(29.48±1.86),(0.50±0.07),(0.71±0.07)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new tetrahydronaphthalene glycoside.Compounds 4-5,8-10 and 14 are isolated from the leaves of C.paliurus for the first time.Compounds 4-5 are relatively rare flavonoid lignans with potential inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase.

Phyllanthus emblica is a kind of traditional medicine and medicinal and edible plant, with rich variety resources and high development value. It is a key poverty alleviation variety in China at present. As P. emblica processing industry is rising gradually in recent years, in order to fully develop and utilize its industrial resources, this paper systematically introduces current comprehensive development and utilization of P. emblica, discusses the problems in P. emblica processing industry, and puts forward comprehensive development and utilization strategies and industrial models in terms of cultivation, breeding, grading, quality evaluation and waste recycling, so as to provide a certain reference for promoting the high-quality development of P. emblica industry in China.
China ; Medicine ; Medicine, Traditional ; Phyllanthus emblica ; Plant Breeding ; Plant Extracts

Based on the principle of particle design, the powder of Xiaojin Pills was prepared, and the quality uniformity was investigated by means of powder characterizations and content uniformity. By studying the mixed crushing rules of the classified materials and the design principle of the powder particles of Chinese medicine, the powder of the Xiaojin Pills was prepared. At the same time, the manmade mixed powder and the control powder prepared by pharmacopoeia were prepared. The mixed homogeneity of the three powders was evaluated by particle size distribution and color difference. The GC-MS and LC-MS/MS were used to study the homogeneity of their contents. The best preparation process of particle design powder is:materials easily crushed are smashed for 50 min in the vibrating ultrafine mill with -15℃, then add the materials difficultly crushed into the mill and let them crushed together for 3 min. The particle size range of manmade mixed powder was the largest with the particle size difference being more than 100 microns, the RSD value being 26.07%. The particle size range was more than 50 microns in the powder prepared by pharmacopoeia, and the RSD was nearly 15%. The difference in particle size was only around 4 μm and the RSD value was 3.18%. The color difference test showed that the composite chromatism (dE^*) value of the powder prepared by pharmacopoeia was the largest for the RSD was 84.56%. The RSD of manmade mixed powder and the powder prepared by Pharmacopeia were 53.83% and 32.83%, respectively. The RSD value of the particle designed powder's muscone content is about 50% of the other two kinds of powders. The contents of 10 components in powders were determined by LC-MS/MS. The RSD values of the particle designed powder were much smaller than other two kinds of powders. Results indicate that the uniformity of the particle designed powder is better than other two kinds of powders. Chinese medicine particle design technology can effectively improve the uniformity of traditional Chinese medicine powder.