2 in B27 positive groups and X = l. 58

Objective To discuss the safety of nephron sparing surgery for central renal tumors. Methods Thirty-eight cases of partial nephrectomies for central type renal masses were performed.One hundred and seventeen cases of partial nephrectomies with peripheral type renal tumors were compared. Results For the patients with central renal tumors,mean operative time was 118 minutes.Mean isehemic time was 34 minutes.Mean blood loss was 150 ml.The major postoperative complication included leakage of urine(1 case).For the patients with peripheral based tumors,mean operative time was 95 minutes.Mean ischemic time was 21 minutes(only renal artery clamped)and 17 minutes(complete block).Mean blood loss was 250 ml(only renal artery clamped)and 100 ml(complete block).The major postoperative complication included postoperative bleeding(4 cases). Conclusion According to the standard operative procedure,the nephron sparing surgery for central renal tumors is a safe procedure.

Diagnostic Errors ; Encephalocele ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Meningocele ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Mucocele ; diagnosis ; Sphenoid Sinus ; pathology

To observe the preventive effect of polydatin on diabetic myocardial hypertrophy in mice and discuss its and mechanism. The diabetic model was induced with low dose STZ (40 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) x 5 d, ip) for five days in mice. The myocardial hypertrophy was determined by hypertrophy indexes (LVHI, left ventricular/right ventricle and septum), left ventricular/body weight (LV/BW), the histological examination and the mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic factor(ANF). The fast blood glucose(FBG), serum insulin and plasma hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c) levels were detected, and then HOMA insulin resistance index ( HOMA. IR) was calculated. The mRNA and protein expressions were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. According to the results, the FBG of the model group exceeded 11.1 mmol x L(-1), with notable decrease in BW and significant increase in insulin, HbA1c and HOME. IR, suggesting the successful establishment and stability of the diabetic model. The increases in LVHI, LV/BW, cell surface and ANF mRNA indicated a myocardial hypertrophy in diabetic mice. Meanwhile, the model group showed decrease in mRNA and protein expressions of PPARβ and significant increase in NF-κB p65, COX-2 and iNOS expressions. After the preventation with PD (50, 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)), diabetic mice showed increase in BW, reduction in the levels of FBG, insulin and HbA1 c, relief in insulin resistance and significant recovery in hypertrophy indexes, indicating PD has the protective effect in diabetic myocardial hypertrophy. Meanwhile, PD up-regulated the expression of PPARβ, inhibited the expressions of NF-κB p65, COX-2 and iNOS, demonstrating that PD's protective effect may be related to the activation of PPARβ and the inhibition of NF-κB, COX-2 and iNOS signaling pathways.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage

China ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; education ; Mentors ; Urology ; education

Objective To explore the effect of lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)on blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeability and its possible mechanism.Methods LPA or LPA+suramin(L+S)were stereotaxically injected into the right eaudate nucleus in SD rats in vivo.Evans blue(EB)was used to quantitatively measure the permeability of BBB at different time points.The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was detected by immunohistochemistry technique.The pathological ultrastruetural changes of BBB were assessed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The BBB permeability began to increase after LPA administered into ipsilateral eaudate nucleus,and reached the peak at 24h.Then the permeability of BBB gradually lowered after 48h.In comparison with the same time points of control group,there were quite significant differences(P＜0.01).After L+S was injected,the change of BBB permeability had differences in comparison with those of LPA group in the same time points,(P＜0.05).MMP-9 positive cells were mainly vascular endothelial cells.The numbers of MMP-9 positive blood vessels grew at 6h in LPA group,and the expression of it reached maximum at 24h,then the number of it decreased at 48h,showing significant statistical differences in comparison with the L+S group(P＜0.01),It was observed microscopically that ultrastrueture of BBB of the LPA group was changed sharply,such as basement membrane roughed and fragmented,astroeyte end-feet swolled markedly and perivaseular space enlarged obviously.But there were no remarkable changes in BBB in L+S group.Conclusion LPA can induce increase of BBB permeability and its possible mechanism is the strong expression of MMP-9 protein produeted by endothelial cells through the mediation of LPA receptor,leading to degradation of basement membrane.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Naoningkang Granule (NG), a Chinese medicinal preparation formulated for clearing heat and detoxication, on brain tissue in intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) rats.

METHODSRats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the sham operated group, the model group and the high-, medium- and low-dose NG groups. Collagenase VII was injected into caudate nucleus to induce rat model of ICH, corresponding dosage of NG was started to give to the 3 NG groups by gastrogavage 2 h after modeling, and saline of equal volume was given to the other 2 groups instead. The brain tissue of rats was taken in batches at the 3rd and 7th day for pathomorphological observation using HE stain, and detection of thrombin receptor-1 (PAR-1) expression and nerve cell apoptosis in the peripheral tissue of hemorrhagic brain with immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay, as well as for measurement of water content in brain tissue by wet-to-dry weight method.

RESULTSPAR-1 expression elevated in the model rats. As compared with the model group, the pathomorphological changes significantly improved, PAR-1 expression decreased, apoptotic cells re-duced and brain edema alleviated in the 3 NG groups.

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of PAR-1 in the brain tissue might mediate the nerve cell apoptosis and brain edema in ICH rats. The mechanism of NG in protecting hemor-rhagic brain tissue might be related with its actions in inhibiting the post-cerebral high PAR-1 expression to re-duce cell apoptosis and relieve brain edema.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain ; blood supply ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; prevention & control ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; biosynthesis

Objective To evaluate angiogenesis of the benign and malignant solid thyroid nodules with color Doppler ultrasound and immunohistochemistry staining. Methods Fifty-six solid thyroid nodules in 55 patients (28 papillary thyroid cancer, 23 goiter, 4 adenoma, 1 Hashimoto' s disease) were observed before surgery with color Doppler ultrasound. Pathological specimens of paraffin-embedded were immunohistochemically stained with CD34 and VEGF antibody. Results There were significant differences between the benign and malignant thyroid nodules in vascular morphology and regional rich blood flow. The irregular or less irregular vessels were found in 75 % of the malignant nodules. Regional rich blood flow or suspicious regional rich blood flow were found in 64. 3% of malignant nodules. The regular vessels were found in 89. 3% of the benign nodules, non-regional rich blood flow was found in 71.4% of the benign nodules. The number of CD34 in malignant lesions [(37.31 ± 11.55)/HP] was significantly higher than benign lesions [(29. 02 ± 8.32)/HP, P = 0.04]. There was a significantly difference of VEGF expression between the benign and malignant nodules which was higher in malignant nodules than in benign nodules(P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Compared with the benign nodules, the vessles in malignant thyroid nodules were irregular,the distribution of vessles was asymmetry and angiogenesis was active.

Current clinical evaluation of literature quality has various ways. Most of them lay special emphasis on the evaluation of the design quality, but the evaluation of the implementation process quality is not perfect. Especially data management is not fully emphasized during the enforcement of clinical trials. Data from clinical research were bases for evaluating clinical findings. Although strict specifications and requirements for data management might be strictly written clearly in research protocols, they were not embodied in current clinical research evidence evaluation system. Data management is an important part of implementing the whole clinical trial process, which is a comprehensive reflection of data collecting, logging, sorting, and managing. Its objective is to obtain high quality research data for statistical analysis, thereby coming to a true and reliable conclusion. In order to overall evaluating clinical design and implement, we suggest that present quality evaluation indicators of clinical trails should be completed, and add data management quality evaluation during the whole implement process. Data management plans, standards and requirements for data checking, and management regulations for disobeying data and exception data should be added in quality evaluation indicators for clinical research evidence. The effect of data management quality on clinical research evidence evaluation should be emphasized.
Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Research Design

Objective To investigate the clinic efficacy of two section and three leaves approach on laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) or robot assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).Methods A retrospective statistical analysis collected a total of 103 cases with bladder cancer undergoing LRC or RARC,from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015 in our center.Those patients were divided into two groups,including two section and three leaves approach group (46 cases) and conventional group (57 cases).The two section,which means that to cut lateral prostate gland and lateral vesical gland respectively,the three leaves include lateral lobe of lateral vesical gland (superior vesical arteries and veins),medial lobe of lateral vesical gland and lateral prostate gland.In two groups,whose age ranged from 35 to 84 years,the median age were (63.3 ± 9.8) years and (63.7 ± 9.1) years,respectively.The median BMI values were (23.2 ± 2.9) kg/m2 and (23.0 ± 2.2) kg/m2,respectively.The occurrence of history of abdominal surgery were 4 (8.7％) cases and 9(15.8％) cases,respectively.In two section and three leaves approach,the ASA scores of 1,2,3 were found in 5,35,6 cases,respectively.In conventional group,the ASA scores of 1,2,3 were found in 12,38,7 cases,respectively.The difference between two groups in age distribution,BMI value,ASA score,history of abdominal surgery,urinary diversion,surgical methods,pathological staging and grading had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Then,the operation time,the blood loss and the time to remove drainage tube,et al of the above two groups were compared.Patients with BMI≥24 kg/m2 in the two groups were 24 cases and 20 cases,respectively,following the strategy based on BMI ≥24 kg/m2 and BMI ＜ 24 kg/m2 to compare the difference of subgroups in the operation time and the bleeding amount,for the purpose of corroborating the applied effectiveness of two section and three leaves approach compared with the conventional measure on LRC or RARC for patients with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2.Results All endoscopic operations were completed successfully.No conversion was recorded.In two groups,the median operation time were (255.1 ± 99.3) min and (284.2 ± 171.3) min,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P =0.011).The blood loss was (233.1 ± 196.9)ml and (272.0 ±268.8) ml,respectively(P =0.009).The time to remove drainage tube were (10.6 ± 5.0) d and (9.9 ± 4.4) d,respectively (P =0.880).In addition,the difference in the intraoperative blood transfusion rate(10.9％ vs.21.1％),occurrence of lymph fistula (13.0％ vs.17.5％),gastric extubation time [(4.3 ± 1.9) d vs.(4.0 ± 1.9) d],time for flatus recovery [(3.9 ±1.2) d vs.(3.7 ± 1.7) d],the incidence of perioperative complications (26.1％ vs.36.8％) and postoperative hospital stay [(13.3 ± 5.5) d vs.(13.5 ± 4.8) d] were no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).The results of comparisons for patients with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 between subgroups included the operation time were (264.3 ± 68.1) min and (298.5 ± 80.2) min,respectively.The blood loss were (247.8 ± 199.4) ml and (295.3 ± 204.5) ml,respectively,both of them were statistical significance (P ＜0.05).The two section and three leaves approach was significantly better than those patients operated by conventional method.Conclusions Compared with conventional method undergoing LRC or RARC,two section and three leaves approach could shorten operative time and reduce the blood loss markedly,especially for patients with BMI≥24 kg/m2.