Objective To investigate the genetic homology in clinical isolates of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB),so as to provide evidence for better controlling hospital infections.Methods The genotypes of 28 clinical XDRAB isolates were determined by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR).PCR was conducted to analyze 9 types of β-lactamase genes (blaKPC,blaIMP,blaVIM,blaNDM-1,blaOXA-23,blaOXA-24,blaOXA-48, blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-58),the outer membrane porin gene (CarO)and insertion sequence (IS)ISAba1.We also carried out linkage analysis for ISAba1-OXA23 and ISAba1-OXA58.Results Most of the above 28 XDRAB strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens from intensive care patients.The result of ERIC-PCR showed that there was high homology between all the strains,suggesting that they might derive from the same clone.The genes blaOXA-23,blaOXA-51,CarO and the IS ISAba1 except Class Bβ-lactamase genes,blaOXA-24,blaOXA-48,blaOXA-58,ISAba1-OXA23 and ISAba1-OXA58 were detected in all the clinical strains by PCR.Conclusions All the XDRAB isolates belong to the same clone and carry the same drug-resistant genes,indicating that there was clone spread among XDRAB isolates.

Objective To study percutaneous absorption kinetics and synergistic penetration enhancement of tetrahydropalmatine,aconitine and ginsenoside Rg1.Methods The in vitro intact and stripped skin permeation experiments were carried out by using Permcell KH-5P horizontal proliferation system.The percutaneous kinetic parameters of tetrahydropalmatine,aconitine and ginsenoside Rg1 were determined by HPLC,and the transdermal behaviors of the three active ingredients and interactions of combination were investigated.Result The cumulative amounts in 24 h of intact skin of tetrahydropalmatine,aconitine and ginsenoside Rg1 were 123.95,50.32,96.25(?10-10 cm2/s).The cumulative amounts in 24 h of stripped skin of them were 539.00,93.60,354.70(?10-10 cm2/s).The LogP were 1.66,0.66 and 0.57 respectively.Each component had cumulated amount permeated of improvement by 64%～293% in coexistence system of three active ingredients.Conclusion The combination of three active ingredients results in a synergistic enhancement effect on percutaneous absorption of every active ingredient,and it is shown that the maximal enhancement effect appears between aconitine and ginsenoside Rg1.

AIM:To observe the relation between astroglial activation state and ischemic tolerance in the gerbil hippocampus. METHOD: Bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries and immunofluorescent methods in the gerbil hippocampal tissue. Slices were used. The morphological changes of the neurons were observed by light microscopy.RESULTS:Pretreatment with 2 minute bilateral carotid artery occlusion produced protective effects of CA 1 neurons. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining showed weak positive cells in control group. Most of GFAP positive cells showed weak and middle positive cells after recirculation 1d and 2d following ischemic 3.5 min and preconditioning of the brain with sublethal ischemia respectively.CONCLUSION:Astroglial played an important role in cerebral ischemia. It is possible that state of astroglial activation related to neuronal survival in ischemic tolerance.

AIM: To study the curative effect for patients with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber after phacoemulsification.METHODS: Totally 38 patients (38 eyes) with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber were selected and divided into two groups according to the depth of the anterior chamber, as mild shallow anterior chamber group (2-2.5mm) 23 eyes, high risk shallow anterior chamber group (<2.0mm) 15 eyes.Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) with age related cataract with normal anterior chamber were as control group at the same period.All the patients received the operations by the same doctor and were followed up for 3mo.The observed items included visual acuity before and after operations, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell density and complications.RESULTS: There were no significant difference on visual acuity, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density between the two groups before operations (P>0.05).The visual acuity improved significantly after operation in both groups (P<0.05).Intraocular pressure after operation decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05).Anterior chamber depth increased significantly after operation in both groups (P<0.05).Corneal endothelial cell density decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05).There were no significant difference on anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density between the two groups at different time point after operations (P>0.05).Posterior capsular rupture occurred in shallow anterior chamber group in 1 eye, suspensory ligament rupture in 1 eye.Posterior capsular rupture and suspensory ligament rupture occurred none in normal anterior chamber group.Postoperative corneal edema occurred in 10 eyes (26%) in shallow anterior chamber group, which occurred in 3 eyes (8%) in normal anterior chamber group.The difference on the incidence was significant (P <0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification should be taken timely for patients with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber.The postoperative visual acuity can be improved and the anterior chamber depth can increase.The operation is safe and effective for those patients.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the relevant substances in tegafur injection.METHODS: The determination was performed with a Kromasil C18 column with the column temperature maintained at 30 ℃,and the mobile phase was methanol-water(25∶75) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The UV detection wavelength was set at 282 nm and the sample size was 20 ?L.RESULTS: The relevant substances were well-separated from the chief agent,and the contents of the relevant substances in the sample were 2.35%,2.37%,and 2.24%,respectively.CONCLUSION: Compared with TLC,HPLC is more accurate and sensitive,and it is applicable for the determination of the relevant substances in tegafur injection.

Distributed architectures support increased load on popular web sites by dispatching client requests transparently among multiple servers in a cluster. Packet Single-Rewriting technology and client address hashing algorithm in ONE-IP technology which can ensure application-session-keep have been analyzed, an improved request dispatching algorithm which is simple, effective and supports dynamic load balance has been proposed. In this algorithm, dispatcher evaluates which server node will process request by applying a hash function to the client IP address and comparing the result with its assigned identifier subset; it adjusts the size of the subset according to the performance and current load of each server, so as to utilize all servers' resource effectively. Simulation shows that the improved algorithm has better performance than the original one.

Objective To study the effects of propofol exposure during pregnancy on space cognitive and exploration abilities and expression of phosphorylated tau protein ( P-tau) and beta-amyloid protein[ Aβ(1-42) ] in hippocampus of the offspring. Methods Sprague-Dawley female (n=24) and male rats (n=8) of three months old were mated at the same cage at the ratio of 3:1. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into early group (group E), medium group (group M), late group (group L) and control group ( group C) , with 6 rats in each group. Groups E, M and L received propofol 80 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 7 consecutive days. Propofol was replaced with equal volume of physiological saline in group C. Learning and memory of the 30-day offspring rats were assessed by using Morris water maze test. Then offspring rats were sacrificed to determine the expression of P-tau and Aβ(1-42) in the hippocampus by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Results The learning and memory abilities were declined significantly in group E (51. 20±8. 11) s, group M (36. 00±6. 44) s and group L (47. 20±12. 30) s, as compared with group C (65. 60± 7. 23) s (all P<0. 05). The result of immunohistochemistry and ELISA showed that expression of Aβ(1-42) and P-tau in hippocampus was significantly higher in group M than in groups E, L and C[(immunohistochemistry: Aβ(1-42), (27. 38±5. 90) vs. (12. 65± 2. 08), (13. 79±3. 37), and (65. 60±7. 23); P-tau, (26. 35±5. 83) vs. (13. 65±3. 46), (14. 56±3. 82), and (8. 49±1. 20);ELISA:Aβ(1-42) , (88. 6±7. 43) vs. (71. 60±6. 79), (13. 79±3. 37), and (65. 80±6. 28);P-tau, (230. 13±8. 22) vs. (210. 42± 2.20), (210.95±1. 75), and (200. 65±1. 57)] (all P<0.05). Conclusion Multiple propofol injections may impair rat offspring’ s space cognitive abilities and exploration abilities, and the impairment is especially obvious in second trimester of pregnancy, which may be associated with over-expression of P-tau and Aβ(1-42) .

Objective To analyze the risk factors for perioperative acute cerebral vascular accident (PACVA) and put forward the corresponding preventive measures.Methods The clinical data of elderly patients in our hospital who suffered from PACVA in recent 5 years were retrospectively studied.The correlation between risk factors and the occurrence of PACVA was analyzed.Results One hundred and fifty cases were enrolled in the study.Seventy eight cases of them suffered from PACVA with the average age of 70 years ranging from 60 to 98 years.Fifty six cases(71.8%)were found PACVA in one week after operation.Multiple regression analysis showed that hypertension, history of cerebrovascular disease, unstable blood pressure and obesity were independent risk factors for PACVA.The newly diagnosed perioperative atrial fibrillation and carotid atheroselerosis were the high risk factors for PACVA.Conclusions PACVA is one of the common perioperative complications.Necessary check, monitor and treat measures should be taken in the perioperative period, especially for patients with risk factors.

Objective To study the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)cytokine expression of BV-2 cells induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by siRNA targeting TLR4 gene via the RNAi mechanisms.Method BV-2 mouse microglial cell line was cultured in six-well plates and randomly divided into group N(nor-mal group),group H(hypoxia-reoxygenation),group T(hypoxia-reoxygenation+TLR4-siRNA transfected group),group C(hypoxia-reoxygenation+pEGFP-H1/control-siRNA transfected group)and group B(hypox-ia-reoxygenation+pEGFP-H1 transfected group).Group H,group T,group C and group B were cultured in hy-poxia condition for 3 h followed by reoxygenation for 24 h.The plasma was transfected into BV-2 cells mediated by lipofectamine 2000.The efficiency of transfection were detected by flow cytometry to observe the expression of EGFP.RT-PCR method was used to detect the level of mRNA of TLR4 or NF-кB p65.Westem blot methed was used to test the expression of TLR4 protein.and ELISA was used to test the level of TNF-α in the supernatants.Analysis of variances was used for statistical analysis.Results The expression of EGFP gene waa;(67.58±7.16)% after transfection by flow cytometry analysis.Compared to group N,the TLR4 mRNA,NF-кB p65 mR-NA,TLR4 protein level and the TNF-α quantity in group H,group T,group C and group B increased after the hy-poxia-reoxygenation treatment(P＜0.01).While the expression of the TLR4 mRNA,NF-кB p65 mRNA,TLR4 protein level and the TNF-α quantity in the group T down-regulated compared to group H,group C and group B(P＜0.01).And there were no changes in group C,group B and group H about observation index(P＞0.05).Conclusions The siRNA targeting TLR4 mRNA could inhibit the inflammatory reaction released by BV-2 cells in-duced by hypoxia-reoxygenation stimulation.

Objective To detect the independently designed synthetic peptide adsorbed to the titanium surface and its inhibitory effect on streptococcus gordonii, and to provide a new means for antibiosis reseach on oral implants. Methods The physical and chemical properties of the synthetic peptide and antimicrobial peptide were measured by ExPASy Prot?Param tool, ProtScale analysis, circular dichroism and Zeta potential instrument. The synthetic peptide was anchored on the surface of the titanium specimen through incubation at room temperature. The adsorption of the synthetic peptide to the titani?um surface was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the atomic force microscope (AFM). The inhibitory effect on streptococcus gordonii of the synthetic peptide fixed on the titanium surface was viewed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The destructive effects of the synthetic peptide and the antimicrobial peptide on streptococcus gordonii were observed through the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results The independently designed synthetic peptide still had the physical and chemical properties that the antimicrobial peptide desired. The synthetic peptide had already been detected on the titanium surface after incubated in a 5 g/L synthetic peptide solution. The titanium specimen fixed with the synthetic peptide inhibited the survival and adhesion of streptococcus gordonii. Conclusion It suggests that the indepen?dently designed synthetic peptide might have reached the goal of bacterial inhibition on the titanium surface.