Abstract: Objective　To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of rifampin-resistant real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection technology (GeneXpert MTB/RIF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) combined with peripheral blood tuberculosis infection T cell spot test (T-SPOT) and tuberculosis antibody (TB-Ab) in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods　The clinical data of 114 cases of clinically diagnosed smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, 80 cases of non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases and 22 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The detection results of peripheral blood T-SPOT, TB-Ab and BALF GeneXpert in the three groups were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, false negative rate, false positive rate and Youden index of the three detection methods were compared. The differences in the positive detection rate of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis between the separate detection and the combined detection of the three methods were compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Results　The sensitivity of BALF GeneXpert and peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab was 66.91%, 80.88% and 90.44%, respectively. The specificity was 98.75%, 73.75% and 41.25%, respectively; the diagnostic coincidence rates were 78.70%, 78.24% and 72.22%, respectively, which were higher than 70.00%. In the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group, the positive detection rates of these three methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group were 63.15%, 79.82% and 90.35%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those in the non-tuberculosis pulmonary disease group (all P<0.01). The positive detection rate of the three combined methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group was 96.49 %, which was significantly higher than that of TB-GeneXpert method and T-SPOT, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=37.283, P<0.01; χ2=13.612, P<0.01); the Youden index of combined detection was significantly higher than that of single detection, and the AUC of combined detection was 0.977, which was significantly higher than that of single detection. Conclusion　BALF GeneXpert combined with peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab can significantly improve the diagnostic rate of bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, providing a strong basis for guiding clinical treatment.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Female ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Phyllodes Tumor ; genetics ; pathology

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and TACE alone for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Datebases were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohort studies from the establishment of the databases to January 2014. The bibliographies of the included studies were searched, too. After study selection, assessment, data collection and analysis were undertaken, we performed this meta-analysis by using the RevMan5.2 software. Seventeen studies involving 1116 patients met the inclusion criteria with 530 treated with RFA-plus-TACE and 586 with TACE alone. The results of meta-analysis showed that the combination of TACE and RFA was obviously associated with higher 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates (OR1-year=3.98, 95% CI 2.87-5.51, P<0.00001; OR2-year=3.03, 95% CI 2.10-4.38, P<0.00001; OR3-year=7.02, 95% CI 4.14-11.92, P<0.00001) than TACE alone. The tumor complete necrosis rate in patients treated with TACE and RFA was higher than that of TACE alone (OR=13.86, 95% CI 8.04-23.89, P<0.00001). And there was a significant difference in local recurrence rate between two different kinds of treatment (OR=0.24, 95%CI 0.14-0.44, P<0.00001). Additionally, combination of TACE and RFA was associated with higher complete tumor necrosis rates than TACE mono-therapy in the treatment of HCC. However, RFA plus TACE was found to be associated with a lower local recurrence rate than TACE monotherapy. TACE-plus-RFA treatment was associated with a higher response rate (RR) than the TACE-alone treatment (OR=3.90, 95% CI=2.37-6.42, P<0.00001). TACE-plus-RFA treatment did not differ from the TACE-alone treatment in terms of stable disease (SD) rate (OR=0.38, 95% CI=0.11-1.26, P=0.11). Meta-analyses showed that the combination of RFA and TACE was associated with a significantly lower progressive disease (PD) rate (OR=0.15, 95% CI=0.05-0.43, P=0.0005). The rate of AFP reducing or returning to normal in serum in RFA plus TACE group was obviously lower than TACE alone group (OR=4.62, 95% CI 2.56-8.34, P<0.00001). The effect of TACE plus RFA for HCC is better than TACE mono-therapy. The combined therapy can elevate the patients' overall survival rate, tumor necrosis rate and the rate of AFP reducing or returning to normal in serum and decrease local recurrence rate, PD rate compared with TACE alone.

Objective: To explore the points selection pattern of acupuncture for sleep apnea syndromes by data mining technique. Methods: Clinical literature about acupuncture therapy for sleep apnea syndromes was derived from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), PubMed and Science Direct between the time that databases were created and March 25th,2017. Relevant excel database was established and descriptive studies and association rules were analyzed. Results: The most frequently used point was Lianquan (CV 23) and the most frequently used meridian was the Stomach Meridian. The analysis of association rules showed that the clinical choice of acupuncture points was highly correlated, among which the combination of the highest degree of confidence and the highest degree of support was Shenmen (HT 7) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1); Lieque (LU 7), lianquan (CV 23) and Zhaohai (KI 6). Conclusion: Acupuncture treatment of sleep apnea syndromes has specific selection rules of points, providing certain references for clinical and scientific research.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of deep electroacupuncture (EA) at Baliao points in treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: A total of 60 female patients with SUI were divided into two groups according to the order of consultation, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with pelvic floor muscle training. The treatment group was treated with deep EA at Baliao points [Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34)]. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3％ in the treatment group, versus 33.3％ in the control group, and the total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-short form (ICIQ-SF) and the volume of urinary leakage in both groups were lower than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and the ICIQ-SF score and the volume of urinary leakage in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Deep EA at Baliao points with long needles can improve the clinical symptoms in female patients with SUI, and it has a better curative effect than pelvic floor muscle training.

OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; genetics ; Blood Vessels ; anatomy & histology ; Fluorescence ; Lipofuscin ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout

Objective] To study the effect of different placed time for vacutainer and specimen on the results of emergency electrolyte detection . [ Methods] With heparin lithium anticoagulation tube and common coagulation vacuum tube , electrolytes were detected at 30 minutes,one hour and two hours af-ter extracting blood . [ Results] At 30 minutes and one hour after extracting blood ,the levels of K +and Na+of the plasma group were significantly lower than those of the serum group (P<0.05).With the ex-tension of specimen placed time , the levels of K +and Na +of the plasma group were becoming higher than those previously ,and at two hours the difference had statistical significance ( P<0 .05 ) .There was not ob-vious difference found in the levels of K +, Na +and Cl -of the serum group at different placed times ( P>0.05).But the levels of CO2 of both the plasma group and the serum group were significantly lower than those previously with the extension of specimen placed time , and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). [Conclusion] It is indicated that the using of different vacutainers effects electrolyte de-tection.With the extension of specimen placed time , the levels of K +and Na +of the plasma group increase gradually , and the levels of CO 2 of the plasma group and the serum group both decrease gradually .

OBJECTIVEKearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) belong to neurological diseases caused by a defect in the energy-producing system of mitochondria, and are known to be associated with a deletion in the mitochondrial genome. This study was aimed to understand with greater clearness the characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in 11 Chinese patients with CPEO (7 cases) or KSS (4 cases).

METHODSDensitometry of the bands on Southern blot, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing were performed to search large scale deletions and A3243G point mutation in patients' muscle mtDNA.

RESULTSLarge deletions in mtDNA were detected in 2 CPEO and 3 KSS patients, the size of deletion ranged from 3.0 kb to 8.0 kb. Moreover, mtDNA A3243G point mutation was identified in 1 KSS patient. The proportion of mutant mtDNA was 37.6%-87.0%. Direct sequencing of the PCR products revealed 5 novel large deletions not reported by others.

CONCLUSIONThe findings in this study being consistent with the reports by others, large scale deletions of mtDNA are frequently found in Chinese patients with KSS and CPEO. mtDNA A3243G mutation may also exist in some patients with KSS and CPEO.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blotting, Southern ; Child ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Kearns-Sayre Syndrome ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVETo culture and amplify the young rabbit's bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro, and to observe the effect of hypothermia on the cells' growing behavior and biological function.

METHODSBMSCs were acquired from the rabbit' tibia bone marrow and induced to mature osteoblasts in vitro. The cultured cells growing well in vitro were preserved in liquid nitrogen. The anabiotic cells having cryopreserved for 1 week were chosen as the experimental group, and the routine 7th generation as the control group. Their biological function in comparion by the examination of morphological changes, cells' proliferation ability, colone forming ratio, synthesis ability of ALP and protein, mineralized nodes forming ability were observed.

RESULTSAs contrast to the control groups, the anabiotic cells also grew and proliferated well in vitro except a little more slowly than before. They had the similar general shape in all the time segments, but a little differences in cells' ultrastructure. The experimental groups also had the typical characters of mature osteoblasts, and high abilities of the synthesis of ALP and proteins. The statistic data showed that these two groups had no significant difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe cryopreserved osteoblasts had the same biological functions and the similar growing behaviors as before. These results suggest that it is practical to use the cryopreserved osteoblasts for further study on bone tissue engineering.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; In Vitro Techniques ; Osteoblasts ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering