0.05 ). The average enhancement rate of LV endocardial border was 96.6 %. The myocardial contrast agent perfusions of left ventricular walls were clearly visualized in 30 patients. CONCLUSION: Clinical application of intravenous left heart contrast echocardiagraphy with perfluoropropane-albumin microsphere is feasibility and effective.

Objective To observe the value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) in assessing regional myocardial viability of rats after acute myocardial infarction. Methods Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into acute myocardial infarction group and sham-operation group (each n=10). Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 24 h after reperfusion. High frame rate two-dimensional images were recorded from the left ventricular short-axis views at the papillary muscle level. Peak radial strain (PRS) and peak circumferential strain (PCS) of each segment were measured at systolic period. Left ventricular internal diameter at diastole (LVID_d) and systole (LVID_s), fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), wall thickening rate (TR) were measured with anatomical M-model echocardiography. Area of necrosis (AN) of each segment was measured after triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Based on TTC staining, ROC curve was used to analyze the accuracy of two-dimensional strain and TR index in identifying infarcted segment. Results ①Compared with acute myocardial infarction group at baseline and sham-operation group after operation, LVID_d and LVID_s of acute myocardial infarction group after operation increased significantly respectively (P<0.05), FS, EF and anteroseptal wall TR reduced significantly (P<0.05). ②Compared with acute myocardial infarction group at baseline and sham-operation group after operation, PRS and PCS decreased significantly in anteroseptal, anterior, anterolateral, inferolateral and inferoseptal segments of myocardial infarction group after operation (P<0.05), especially in anterosepetal, anterior and anterolateral segments (P<0.05). ③ROC analysis showed PCS had the best ability to identify infarcted myocardium as defined by AN>50%. Using a cut-off of -6.14%, PCS had a sensitivity of 93.75% and specificity of 90.91% for distinguishing infarcted from viable myocardium. Conclusion 2D-STI can accurately quantify regional myocardial function, providing a sensitive and noninvasive means to assess regional myocardial viability.

Objective To evaluate the collateral circulation after canine acute coronary artery occlusion with contrast real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). Methods Left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated in 12 healthy mongrel dogs. All dogs underwent myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) before ligation, immediately after ligation, at 30 min and 180 min after ligation respectively, and myocardial mass with collateral supply was calculated. Results Different degrees of collateral circulation were established in all dogs after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. At 30 min after ligation, the myocardial mass with collateral supply was (9.65±2.90) g, while at 180 min after ligation were (12.58±3.98) g (P<0.01). Conclusion The coronary collateral circulation can be observed clearly and myocardial mass with collateral supply can be quantified accurately with contrast RT-3DE.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MR angiogrphy(MRA) for detecting cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrage(SAH) and compare it with spiral CT angiography(CTA).Methods Ten patients with SAH under MRA and CTA studies were performed within 24 hours after MRA,which was performed 5 to 10 days after SAH.Maximum intensity projection(MIP) images were produced for MRA and CTA studies.Five arterial locations were examined for spasm:the suprasellar internal carotid artery(ICA),the M1 and M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery(MCA),the A1 and A2 segments of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA).Vasospasm was cate- gorized as none,mild(50 % reduction).Results The overall correlation between MRA and CTA was 82 %(r=0.76),but it was better for proximal than distal lo- cations vessels.Agreement between MRA and CTA was greater for no spasm(89%) and severe spasm(100%)(r= 0.85～0.91)than for mild(56%)or moderate(67%)spasm(r=0.21～0.51).Conclusion MRA is highly accu- rate in the detecting no spasm or severe cerebral vasospasm in proximal arterial locations vessels;it is less accurate in detecting mild and moderate spasm in distal locations vessels.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients of first class hospitals in China in 2012.Methods All the clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were collected and the susceptibility tests of the isolates were performed by 557 first class hospitals around China from 1st Jan.2012 to 31st Dec.2012.The susceptibilities of isolates to antimicrobial agents were determined by using CLSI (2010) guideline and the susceptibility data were processed with Whonet 5.6 software.Results A total of 372052 clinical isolates were collected.Among all the strains Escherichia coli ( 161211starins, 43.3%) outnumbered the other bacteria, followed by Klebsiella pneu-moniae (112600 strains, 30.3%), Enterobacter clacaer (31887strains, 8.6 %).The most effective antimicrobials were carbapenems.The re-sistant rates of Escherichia coli to imipenem and meropenem were both be-low 12.5%, and the rates in other Enterobacteriaceae were below 10%.Besides this, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam and ami-kacin demonstrated good antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae in vitro.Overall, little difference was observed in the resistant rates of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from first class hospi-tals in different parts of China.Conclusion Enterobacteriaceae from firs class hospital were of different degree resis-tance to various antimicrobial agents.Carbapenems remained very high activity against Enterobacteriaceae,but the car-bapenem resistance strains has appeared and the issue should be attracted attention.

OBJECTIVETo investigate antagonism effects of total flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium. (TFCM) against lead induced oxidative injury.

METHODNinety male mice were randomly divided into 9 groups. Mice except normal control group inject lead acetate every other day for 20 days. In the next 10 d, drugs were orally administrated to mice once a day. After the last aministration, mice were sacrificed and immediately subjected to necropsy. The concentration of lead, zinc and copper in blood, brain, liver and kidney were determined. The body weight, relative organ weight, antioxidant enzyme levels (GSH, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT) and lipid peroxidation products (MDA) were performed.

RESULTTFCM might antagonize the decrease of body weight and the increase of organ weight/body weight ratio. The combined treatment with TFCM and DMSA can significantly lower the lead levels in blood, brain, liver and kidney. In contrast, lead concentration in mice treated with TFCM alone did not show significant change in these organs. The other trace elements such as zinc and copper had no significant decrease after TFCM or DMSA treatment. Middle and high-dose TFCM was more effective than DMSA in increasing the activity of GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and decreasing the concentration of MDA in mice brain. In addition, high-dose TFCM was more effective than DMSA in increasing the activity of GSH-Px, CAT and decreasing the concentration of MDA in mice liver and kidney. The combined treatment with TFCM and DMSA also can reverse lipid peroxidation and increase antioxidant enzyme levels in lead poisoning mice dose-dependently, and it had more beneficial effects than treatment with DMSA alone.

CONCLUSIONTFCM might improve antioxidant defense system, reverse lipid peroxidation and protect brain, liver and kidney against lead induced oxidative damage in mice significantly.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; Copper ; blood ; metabolism ; Drug Antagonism ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lead ; blood ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Succimer ; administration & dosage ; Zinc ; blood ; metabolism

A new algorithm of adaptive super-resolution (SR) reconstruction based on the regularization parameter is proposed to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) image from the low-resolution (LR) image sequence, which takes into full account the inaccurate estimates of motion error, point spread function (PSF) and the additive Gaussian noise in the LR image sequence. We established a novel nonlinear adaptive regularization function and analyzed experimentally its convexity to obtain the adaptive step size. This novel algorithm can effectively improve the spatial resolution of the image and the rate of convergence, which is verified by the experiment on optical images.
Algorithms ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Motion ; Time Factors

Objective To understand the resistance, molecular charac-teristics of oxacillin susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au-reus ( OS-MRSA) strains isolated 2011-2012 in China.Methods A total of 297 methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) were collected in the Ministry of Health National Antimicrobial Resistance Sur-veillance Net program and the susceptibility test were performed by agar dilution method.All the oxacillin-susceptible MRSA strains were con-firmed to be Staphylococcus aureus by detecting nuc gene.The molecular typing methods included SCCmec and spa typing.Results A total of 14 isolates ( 4.9%) were oxacillin susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus among 288 MRSA isolates and most of them were from se-cretion (50%, 7/14) and blood (28.6%, 4/14).The susceptibility rate to gentamicin, amikacin, rifampicin and trimethroprim/sulfamethox-azole was more than 90% and the rate to quinolones, tetracycline and chloramphenicol was about 80%, 28.6%, 28.6%, respectively.Moreo-ver, the resistance rate to erythromycin, azithromycin and clindamycin was more than 90%.PCR revealed that 14 isolates were Staphylococcus aureus and mecA positive and the most predominant clone was SCCmecⅤ-spat437 (42.9%,6/14).Conclusion The most predominant clone of the OS-MRSA isolates in China was SCCmecⅤ-spat437; most of OS-MRSA isolates were susceptible to the majority of antibacterial agents except macrolides, tetracycline and chloramphenicol.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of two-dimensional oral care for patients with mechanical ventilation by orotracheal intubation,and improve the quality of oral care.Methods Seventy inpatients with mechanical ventilation by orotracheal intubation from Feb 2011 to Jul 2012 in ICU were selected and randomly divided into experimental group (n ＝ 35) and control group (n ＝ 35).Experimental group was given two-dimensional oral care (oral swab just one time before intubation,and brush teeth and suction three times a day after intubation).Control group was given traditional oral care three times a day.Throat swab specimens were gathered for bacterial colony counts before intubation,and in 4 h,12 h,24 h,48 h after intubation,respectively.Bacteria quantitative culture was performed in sputum specimens and in throat swab specimens (one time per three days) after intubation.Oropharyngeal bacteria change and the incidence rate of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) were observed.Results Among all 70 patients,61 cases were valid,15 cases had VAP,and 8 cases died.In the experimental group,31 were valid,4 had VAP and 3 died,while in the control group,30 were valid,11 had VAP and 5 died.The difference of the incidence rate of VAP was statistically significant (x2 ＝ 4.643,P ＝ 0.040) and the difference of the incidence rate of death was not statistically significant (x2 ＝ 0.654,P ＝ 0.473).The difference of oropharyngeal bacterial colony counts had no statistical significance between two groups before intubation (t ＝-0.563,P ＝ 0.589),while the difference of oropharyngeal bacterial colony counts had statistical significance between groups in 4 h,12 h,24 h,48 h after intubation (t＝1.957,-2.520,-3.560,-2.165,respectively; P＜0.05).Conclusions Two-dimensional oral care can effectively reduce oropharyngeal bacterial colony,and decrease the incidence rate of VAP for patients with mechanical ventilation by orotracheal intubation.Thus it is a better nursing method to improve oral care quality.

OBJECTIVETo prepare baicalin nanocrystal (BC-NC) and evaluate its pharmacokinetics in rats.

METHODBaicalin nanosuspensions (BC-NS) were prepared by the high pressure homogenization technology combined with ultrasonic, and then BC-NS were solidificated into BC-NC pellets by removing the water through fluid-bed drying. Its morphology, mean diameter and Zeta-potential were determined. An HPLC method was employed to determine the concentration of baicalin in plasma, and the bioavailability of the nanocrystal was compared with the reference group by oral administration in Wistar rats.

RESULTThe nanocrystals observed by scanning electron microscopy were irregular granulated, and the mean particle sizes of BC-NC were (248 +/- 6) nm. Its polydispersity index (PI) and zeta-potential were (0.181 +/- 0.065), (-32.3 +/- 1.8) mV, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the C(max) was (16.54 +/- 1.73) mg x L(-1) and the AUC(0-24 h) was (206.96 +/- 21.23) mg x L(-1) x h, which were significantly enhanced compared with the baicalin bulk and baicalin physical mixture (BC-PM) formulation, respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBaicalin nanocrystal can significantly improve the bioavailability of baicalin.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Particle Size ; Rats