Objective:To explore the expression and clinical significance of late autophagy in per-ipheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with primary gouty arthritis (GA).Methods:Peripheral blood, clinical data, and laboratory tests were collected from 30 patients with acute gout (AG), 30 patients with intermittent gout (IG), and 50 healthy controls (HC). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect mRNA expression levels of autophagy-related genes (ATG5, ATG12, ATG16, ATG3, ATG7, ATG10, ATG4B, LC3-2/LC3B). Measurement data conformed to normal distribution were tested using t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), and non-normal distribution data were tested using Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis H test. SNK was used for pairwise comparison among the three groups. Correlation between variables was tested by Spearman correlation analysis. Results:① The expression level of ATG5 mRNA,ATG12 mRNA, ATG16 mRNA, ATG10 mRNA and LC3-2 mRNA in the AG group was lower than that of the IG group and the HC group, and the expression level of the IG group was lower than that of the HC group[9.16×10 -3(6.04×10 -3, 15.00×10 -3) vs 14.48×10 -3(9.95×10 -3, 21.38×10 -3) vs 0.08×10 -3(12.21×10 -3, 42.79×10 -3), H=19.377, P<0.001; 18.89×10 -3(13.85×10 -3, 24.92×10 -3) vs 21.13×10 -3(12.11×10 -3, 28.06×10 -3) vs 33.57×10 -3(13.11×10 -3, 49.89×10 -3), H=7.545, P=0.023; 8.72×10 -3(4.96×10 -3, 13.74×10 -3) vs 10.62×10 -3(7.48×10 -3, 24.71×10 -3) vs 20.07×10 -3(11.99×10 -3, 39.56×10 -3), H=20.962, P<0.001; 1.05×10 -3(0.73×10 -3, 1.84×10 -3) vs 1.60×10 -3(0.93×10 -3, 2.58×10 -3) vs 1.69×10 -3(1.05×10 -3, 3.54×10 -3), H=8.193, P=0.017; 2.31×10 -3(1.22×10 -3, 3.53×10 -3) vs 2.78×10 -3(1.68×10 -3, 5.96×10 -3) vs 3.68×10 -3(2.00×10 -3, 5.67×10 -3) , H=7.135, P=0.028]. The expression level of ATG4B mRNA in the AG and IG group was higher than that in HC group, and there was significant difference between IG group and AG group, IG group and HC group[9.95×10 -3(6.32×10 -3, 12.23×10 -3) vs 10.86×10 -3 (8.80×10 -3, 17.03×10 -3) vs 8.07×10 -3(5.52×10 -3, 11.63×10 -3), H=8.531, P=0.014]. There was no significant difference between the ATG3 mRNA and ATG7 mRNA groups ( H=0.539, 3.739, bothall P values >0.05). ② The results of Spearman correlation analysis suggested that in patients with acute gout, ATG3 was negatively correlated with PDW and MPV ( r=-0.499, P=0.006; r=-0.463, P=0.011); ATG4B was positively correlated with HDL-C ( r=0.408, P=0.048); ATG7 was negatively correlated with GLOB ( r=-0.554, P=0.001); ATG10 was positively correlated with ALB ( r=0.412, P=0.024) and negatively correlated with Crea and hsCRP ( r=-0.459, P=0.011; r=-0.375, P=0.045); ATG12 was negatively correlated with MO ( r=-0.434, P=0.017); ATG16 was negatively correlated with ALT and AST ( r=-0.389, P=0.034; r=-0.366, P=0.047); LC3-2 was positively correlated with UA ( r=0.381, P=0.041) and negatively correlated with MPV and PDW ( r=-0.413, P=0.026; r=-0.449, P=0.015). In patients with intermittent gout, ATG3 and ATG4B were negatively correlated with apoB100 ( r=-0.555, P=0.011; r=-0.462, P=0.040); ATG5 was negatively correlated with Crea ( r=-0.456, P=0.011); ATG10 was negatively correlated with TC, LDL-C, and apoB100 ( r=-0.526, P=0.017; r=-0.556, P=0.011; r=-0.515, P=0.020). Conclusion:Autophagy is involved in the development of gout, and is correlated with ibflammatory and metabolic indicators, suggesting that autophagy is an important feature in the pathogenesis of GA.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of daily smoking among residents at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into tobacco control. Methods: A total of 2 700 permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a multistage random sampling method in three districts of Wuhan City in July, 2019. Residents' demographics, tobacco use, secondhand smoke exposure and awareness of harmful effects of tobacco were collected using the core questionnaire of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, and the factors affecting daily smoking were identified among residents at ages of 15 years and older using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 700 questionnaires were allocated, and 2 551 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.48%. The respondents included 1 272 men (49.86%) and 1 279 women (50.14%), and the proportion of daily smoking was 19.84% among the respondents, with a mean daily tobacco use of 16.6 cigarettes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified men (OR=66.191, 95%CI: 25.344-172.873), ages of 45 to 64 years (OR=2.586, 95%CI: 1.158-5.775), farmers (OR =8.477, 95%CI: 1.126-63.786), secondhand smoke exposure at home (OR=9.395, 95%CI: 5.401-16.340), secondhand smoke exposure in workplaces (OR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.081-3.423) and no smoking at home (OR=0.459, 95%CI: 0.277-0.763) as factors affecting daily smoking among residents at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City. Conclusions There is a high likelihood of daily smoking among men, the middle-aged and elderly, farmers and individuals with exposure to secondhand smoke in workplaces at ages of 15 years and older in Wuhan City. Health education pertaining to tobacco control requires to be reinforced among high-risk populations, and creation of a tobacco-free home is recommended in public places and workplaces based on the complete smoking ban.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) refers to the single base sequence variation in specific location of the human genome. Phenotype informative SNP has gradually become one of the research hot spots in forensic science. In this paper, the forensic research situation and application prospect of phenotype informative SNP in the characteristics of hair, eye and skin color, height, and facial feature are reviewed.
Eye Color/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/trends* ; Forensic Sciences ; Genome, Human ; Hair ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics*

Objective To construct single chain antibody specific to membrane protein of Schistosoma japonicum by gonetic engineering technique. Methods The V\-H (heavy-chain variable region) and V\-L (light-chain variable region) genes were amplified by PCR from the genomic DNA of NP11-4 cell line, and sequenced by Sanger's method. The ScFv was constructed in pTHA90 vector using V\-H and V\-L genes, then expressed by IPTG. Results The V\-H and V\-L genes were obtained through PCR. The DNA sequences showed that V\-H and V\-L were new variable region genes of antibody. They were registered by GenBank. A ScFv gene with (Gly4Ser) 3 intralinker in the pTHA90 vector was successfully constructed. The ScFv was expressed as thioredoxin-fused proteins about 36\^2 kDa. Conclusion A specific ScFv against the membrane protein of Schistosoma japonicum was constructed and expressed.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanisms of Qianjing Decoction in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia (OAS).

METHODSWe randomly divided 100 SPF male rats into five groups of equal number: normal, model, Huangjingzanyu, levocarnitine, and Qiangjing. OAS models were established in the animals followed by intragastrical administration of normal saline, ornidazole, Huangjingzanyu Capsules (200 mg per kg body weight per day), levocarnitine (100 mg per kg body weight per day), and Qianjing Decoction (10 g per kg body weight per day), respectively, qd, for 4 successive weeks. Then, we detected the concentration and motility of the epididymal sperm, obtained the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), α-glucosidase, and fructose in the epididymis, and determined the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in the epididymal tissue of the rats by real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe concentration and motility of the epididymal sperm in the model, Huangjingzanyu, levocarnitine, and Qianging groups were (35.34 ± 4.22) x 10(6)/ml and (40.04 ± 7.05)%, (48.12 ± 5.56) x 10(6)/ml and (62.46 ± 7.12)%, (47.14 ± 4.87) x 10(6)/ml and (63.23 ± 6.34)%, and (50.25 ± 5.08) x 10(6)/ml and (66.34 ± 7.58)%, respectively, all significantly lower than in the normal group ([53.05 ± 4.55] x 10(6)/ml and [70.20 ± 8.54]%) (P < 0.05), but remarkably higher in the Huangjingzanyu, levocarnitine, and Qiangjing groups than in the model rats (P < 0.05). Compared with the thinned epididymal lumen walls, decreased sperm count, and disorderly and loose arrangement of the lumens in the OAS models, the rats in the Huangjingzanyu, levocarnitine, and Qiangjing groups showed evidently thicker epididymal lumen walls, with the lumens full of sperm cells and arranged regularly and compactly, similar to those of the normal rats. The levels of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly lower but that of MDA markedly higher in the model rats ([84.12 ± 23.25], [10.56 ± 3.02], and [14.04 ± 2.06] nmol/mg) than in the normal group ([110.04 ± 19.56], [17.25 ± 3.56], and [8.87 ± 1.35] nmol/mg) (P < 0.05), while the former two indexes remarkably higher and the latter one significantly lower in the animals treated with Qiangjing Decoction ([120.56 ± 23.68], [16.34 ± 3.12], and [8.45 ± 1.56] nmol/mg), Huangjingzanyu Capsules ([115.34 ± 21.35], [15.23 ± 3.67], and [8.33 ± 1.54] nmol/mg), and levocarnitine ([116.67 ± 22.67], [15.35 ± 3.45], and [8.05 ± 1.78] nmol/mg) than in the models (P < 0.05). The levels of fructose, LDH and α-glucosidase were decreased markedly in the OAS models ([100.22 ± 12.12] mg/[ ml x g], [322 ± 46.13] U/[ ml x g], and [10.48 ± 2.33] U/[ml x g]) as compared with the normal rats ([128.12 ± 13.45] mg/[ml x g], [428 ± 35.12] U/[ml x g], and [15.34 ± 3.12] U/[ ml x g]) (P < 0.05), remarkably higher in the rats treated with Qiangjing ([130.23 ± 13.67] mg/[ml x g] [455 ± 51.50] U/[ml x g], and [18.56 ± 4.67] U/[ml x g]), Huangjingzanyu ([124.16 ± 14.02] mg/[ml x g], [ 419 ± 43.14] U/[ml x g], and [17.64 ± 4.08] U/[ml x g]), and levocarnitine ([123.34 ± 14.02] mg/[ml x g], [430 ± 31.80] U/ [ml x g], and [16.85 ± 5.55] U/[ml x g]) than in the models (P < 0.05). The Nrf2 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in the models as compared with the normal rats (P < 0.05) but remarkably increased in the Huangingzanyu, Qiangjing and levocarnitine groups as compared with the model and normal animals (P < 0.05). The SDH mRNA expression was significantly lower in the model than in the normal rats (P < 0.05) but markedly elevated in the Huangjingzanyu, Qiangjing and levocarnitine groups as compared with the model and normal animals (P < 0.05), remarkably higher in the Qiangjing than in the Huangjingzanyu group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOrnidazole induces OAS in rats, which is closely associated with excessive oxidation and energy metabolism dysfunction. Qiangjing Decoction can improve and even reverse ornidazole-induced OAS in rats as well as improve the ultrastructure of their testicular and epididymal tissues. Antioxidation and improvement of energy metabolism are probably the action mechanisms of Qiangjing Decoction in the treatment of OAS.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; Asthenozoospermia ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Carnitine ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Epididymis ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oligospermia ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Ornidazole ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; physiology ; Succinate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism

Objective:To observe and analyze the clinical features and prognosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with chronic myeloid leukemia.Methods:A retrospective case series study. From May 2011 to December 2020, 5 patients (10 eyes) were included in this study in Eye-ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Basic information about the patient's age, gender, diabetes history and CML history were collected. The endocrine and hematological indexes of all patients were evaluated. All the patients were undertaken visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp and fundus examination and other examinations to observe the eye conditions. Ophthalmic treatments included panretinal laser photocoagulation, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, vitrectomy. During the follow up period from 5 months to 6 years, prognosis was observed at each office visit. During the follow up period, patients' vision, intraocular pressure, anterior segment and retinal status were observed.Results:There were 4 males and a female in 5 patients. The ages were from 27 to 49 years, with the mean age of 39 years. All patients were bilateral. All patients suffered type 2 diabetes for 3 months to 13 years. Four of them were diagnosed as chronic myeloid leukemia before visiting to ophthalmologists, while the other visited to ophthalmology first due to poor vision. The initial visual acuity ranged from light perception to 0.4 and 6 eyes were less than 0.1. In addition to the typical manifestations of diabetic retinopathy, such as venous tortuous dilation, exudation, microaneurysm and neovascularization, patients also presented with Roth spot as leukemic fundus manifestations. All eyes developed to PDR stage. Abnormal thickening of the neovascular membranes may occur in the lower part of the retina, with secondary traction retinal detachment. All the eyes were treated with pan retinal photocoagulation and 9 eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy. After treatment, retina of 8 eyes kept flat. The best corrected visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 1.0, and only 4 eyes reached more than 0.2. Unfortunately, one eye lost vision because of secondary neovascular glaucoma.Conclusions:PDR patients with CMLof fundus not only have venous tortuous dilation, exudation, microaneurysm and neovascularization, also present with Roth spot as leukemic fundus manifestations. Diabetic retinopathy combined with CML could progress rapidly, and its aggravating complications such as hyperplastic membrane, vitreous hemorrhage and traction retinal detachment may result in poor visual prognosis. Early screening and treatment can help improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of 40 patients with ocular toxocariasis (OT) on the first attendance.Methods A total of 40 consecutive patients who were clinically and serologically diagnosed with OT were retrospectively reviewed.Results The mean age of patients was (12.12±10.42) years.There were 29 males and 11 females.29 cases presented with decreased vision,4 children with leukocoria,2 cases with strabismus and 5 cases was found abnormal during regular eye examination.Initially 8 eyes (20％) were misdiagnosed as retinoblastoma (1 eye),Coat' s disease (1 eye),cataract (2 eyes),iridocyclitis (2 eyes) and retinal detachment (2 eyes).23 eyes had retinal detachment,19 eyes had cataract.OT was the initial diagnosis for 15 patients (37.5％).The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were NLP to 0.7.Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) were performed in 29 eyes,and identified peripheral granulomas in 23 eyes and adjacent tractional retinal detachment in 12 eyes.We also identified 17 cases (68.0％) with elevated IgE level among 25 patients with positive serological antibody test.Conclusions Tractional retinal detachment,vitreous opacities and cataract are the common clinical findings at the first attendance of OT patients.The adjunctive test of serum total IgE level may be helpful for the diagnosis.The application of UBM and specific IgG detection in serum and intraocular fluid,can also improve the diagnosis.

Objective To conclude and compare the technical characteristics and clinical efficacy of retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approach for robotic partial nephrectomy.Methods 418 patients received robotic partial nephrectomy conducted by one surgeon in the urology department of PLA General Hospital from 2013, December to 2015, October, including 157 cases in retroperitoneal approach and 261 cases in transperitoneal approach.There were no significant difference between the transperitoeal and retroperitoneal approach in patient age(51 years, 51 years, P=0.593), BMI(25.5 kg/m2,25.6 kg/m2, P=0.331), gender(male/female:111/46,186/75,P=0.184), location(left/right,80/77,123/138,P=0.575), tumor size(3.1cm,3.5cm,P =0.356), comorbidities, proportion of solitary kidney(11.5%, 9.6%,P=0.253) or bilateral tumors(1.3%,3.4%,P=0.179), RENAL score(6(5-8),6(5-8),P=0.083), ASA score(2 vs.2)(P=0.310) and preoperative serum creatinine(74.7 μmol/L,76.7 μmol/L, P=0.736).Patients in the retroperitoeal approach group were more likely to have abdomen surgery history (21.7%,14.2%,P=0.049).there was significant difference between two approaches in tumor location in the kidney ( anterior/posterior/others: 9/140/8, 212/36/13, P <0.001 ) Results The operation time (105min, 115min, P =0.041 ) and warm ischemia time ( 15min, 20min, P <0.001 ) were shorter and estimated blood loss(50ml,75ml,P<0.001) was less in the retroperitoneal group.No significant difference was observed in postoperative 24h blood loss(45ml,50ml,P =0.093), intraoperative transfusion rate (2.5%,6.5%,P=0.072) and collective system injury(24.8%,27.6%,P =0.539) between the two groups.Peritoneum break occurred in 25 cases in retroperitoneal group, which were repaired by Hem-o-lock.One intestinal injury occurred in transperitoneal group and was repaired intraoperatively.Three and nine cases in the retroperitoneal and transperitoneal group were converted to radical nephrectomy.One case in the transperitoneal group was found positive margin and received laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.Two liver injury and five spleen injury occurred in the transperitoneal group.For postoperative food intake(1 day, 2 days, P <0.001 ) , the length of indwelling drainage ( 3 days, 4 days, P <0.001 ) and the length of postoperative stay ( 5 days, 6 days, P =0.001 ) , the retroperitoneal group had one day shorter than the transperitoneal group.With the median following-up time of both group, 11 months (IQR:6-16) in RPRPN group and 12 months ( IQR: 7-19 ) , no subject with a tumor recovery or metastasis.Conclusions Retroperitoneal robotic partial nephrectomy is feasible and effective, which is similar to transperitoneal approach.The retroperitoneal approach is superior to transperitoneal approach for posterior, lateral and superior renal tumors.

Objective To observe the change of capillary pericapillary cells in rats with myocardial infarction and the influence of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs, and explore its mechanism of improving myocardial perfusion. Methods The rat model was established by ligaturing the left anterior descending coronary artery. On the base of ECG evaluation, successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group, group treated with supplementing qi and activating blood circulation Chinese medicine (activating blood and supplementing qi group), group treated with Perindopril (Perindopril group), group treated with Tongxinluo Capsules (Tongxinluo group). The sham-operation group was taken as the control. There were totally 5 groups. The model group and the sham-operation group were treated with normal saline. The changes of myocardial capillary density (MCD) and number of pericapillary cells on the 7th, 28th day after medicinal administration were observed. Results On the 7th and 28th day, the MCD decreased significantly and the number of capillary pericapillary cells increased significantly in the model group compared with the sham-operation group (P<0.01). The MCD increased significantly in the activating blood and supplementing qi group, Perindopril group and Tongxinluo group compared with the model group (P<0.01). The number of pericapillary cells decreased significantly in the activating blood and supplementing qi group, Perindopril group and Tongxinluo group compared with the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion The supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs can improve regional myocardial blood supply by decreasing the number of pericytes and promoting regeneration of capillary.

OBJECTIVE Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT) is a rare lesion of unknown etiology which was first described in the lung. The clinical and pathologic characteristics,treatment, prognosis of IMT in head and neck were discussed. METHODS The clinical data of 4 cases of IMT were analyzed retrospectively. The specimens of the 4 cases were prepared for immunohistochemical staining and light microscopy. RESULTS The patients included 3 males and 1 female. Their age ranged from 32 to 58 years. The tumors located at the true vocal cord in 2 cases, at the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus in 1 case, at the maxillary sinus in 1 case. Histological examination was found that the tumors consisted of spindle cells,chronic inflammatory cells and myxoid background with delicate vasculature. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the SMActin and Vimentin were expressed positively in the tumor. The patients were followed up for 9 to 21 months after operation. Three patients were alive with no evidence of diseases, one patients recurred at 4 months after operation and were alive with IMT. CONCLUSION IMT is a true neoplasm with a potential of local recurrence. The main treatment of IMT is to resect the lesions thoroughly.