Objective To explore clinical application of single utility port or single port video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods Conducting a prospective study to 191 patients with lung disease who underwent complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy in Department of Thoracic Surgery of The People's Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2013 to Dec 2014.Results Of the 191 patients, 35 underwent left upper lobectomy, 42 underwent left lower lobectomy, 43 underwent right upper lobectomy, 11 underwent right middle lobectomy, 47 underwent right lower lobectomy, and 13 underwent bilobectomy.Operations were successful in all patients with 3 patients transferred for open thoracotomy for severe adhesion or bleeding.A total of 7 of 78 upper lobectomy and 8 of 113 middle or lower lobectomy was done with adding another incision for severe adhesion.The mean operative time was 50 ～ 190 (80.3 ±43.2) min.The mean blood losing was 90 ～ 350 (145.4 ± 56.2) ml.Thirty nine patients underwent upper lobectomy, who were placed two chest tubes, respectively.The upper chest drainage duration was (1.5 ±0.8) d, and the lower chest drainage duration was (4.2 ± 1.3) d.Forty eight patients underwent lower lobectomy, middle lobectomy, or bilobectomy, who were placed one chest tube, respectively.The chest drainage duration was(4.0 ± 1.7)d.The mean recovery time after operation was (6.1 ± 2.5) d.Seventy six patients were diagnosed with lung cancer, and the average number of dissected lymph nodes from each patient was (14.7 ±6.9).The lung cancer was classified as tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage Ⅰ A, Ⅰ B,ⅡA, ⅡB and ⅢA in 67, 61, 34, 22 and 7 cases, respectively.No serious complications, such as bronchopleural fistula or death, occurred in perioperation.Conclusions In consideration of placing two chest tubes after upper lobectomy and placing one chest tube after lower lobectomy, middle lobectomy, or middle and lower lobectomy, we think single utility port-VATS (2-port) for upper lobectomy and single port-VATS lobectomy for lower lobectomy, middle lobectomy, or middle and lower lobectomy are technically safe and have the advantages of drainage, lessening pain, rapid postoperative recovery, and have no significant difference in operation time, the incidence of complications and the number of removed lymph nodes, compared to traditional 3-port-VATS.

An HPLC method for the determination of 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma was established, which was used subsequently to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of both epimers of glycyrrhetinic acid in rats. alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, and a mixture of alpha-glycyrrhetinic and beta-glycyrrhetinic acids were administered to rats via gastric infusion. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals and extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Separation was achieved by using a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile--4 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate solution (46 : 54, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the software DAS 2.0. In a combined administration, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of beta-glycyrrhetinic acid are significantly different from that of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was obtained when administrated individually. Compared to the single administration, significant differences (P < 0.05) on the values of AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity) of beta-glycyrrhetinic acid were observed when this chemical was administrated together with alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid. In contrast, the pharmacokinetic parameters of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid were not affected even under the co-administration. Here, a sensitive, specific, rapid and reproducible HPLC method was developed for the pharmacokinetic studies of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid and beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma.

Objective （ ） To explore the application value of bone suppression imaging BSI in the diagnosis of occupational （ pneumoconiosis） Methods - pneumoconiosis hereinafter referred to as " " . A total of 330 chest films of high kV digital （ ） radiograph DR of patients with suspected pneumoconiosis were selected by convenient sampling method. BSI is applied to the ， ， ， ， chest films and the differences of small opacity shape small opacity aggregation the number of large opacity lung areas small （ ）， opacity profusion and diagnostic stage of pneumoconiosis were analyzed by simple DR reading DR group simple BSI reading （ ） （ ） Results BSI group and DR and BSI combined reading combined group . There was no significant difference in the distribution of small shadows and the detection rate of small shadows aggregation and large shadows in pneumoconiosis among （ P ） ， the three film reading methods all >0.05 . For the concentration distribution of each lung area there was statistically （P< ）， significant difference between the DR group and the BSI group 0.05 but there was no statistically significant difference ， （ P ） between the DR group and the combined group and between the BSI group and the combined group all >0.05 . The results of ， consistency analysis showed that the DR group and the BSI group and the DR group and the combined group had high （ ， P< consistency in the judgment of small shadow intensity in the lung region both weighted Kappa coefficient were 0.75 all ） 0.01 . There was a high consistency between BSI group and DR group and combined group and DR group in the diagnosis of （ ， ， P< ） ， pneumoconiosis stage weighted Kappa coefficient were 0.77 0.79 all 0.01 . Compared with the DR group the diagnostic ， rate of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅰwas significantly reduced and the diagnostic rate of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅱ was significantly （ P< ） ， increased in the BSI group and the combined group all 0.01 . However there was no significant difference in the diagnosticrate of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ >0.05 . Both the BSI reading and DR and BSI combined reading can improve ， the display of pneumoconiosis lesions to varying degrees and therefore can improve the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. In ， addition the identification and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis lesions in the BSI reading is comparable to that in the combined ， group which has a good application value in the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

Objective To explore the effects of coriafia lactone (CL)-activated astrocytes (Ast) conditioned medium (ACM) on the expressions of glutamate (Glu) and GluR2 in the brain of rat. Methods Asts of hippocampus were cultured according to the McCarthy and DeVellis's method, and then the ACM was collected. Forty-eight male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=16) and the CL group (n=32). Rats in the control group were administered 10 μL ACM I. C. V., which was not added any stimulating substance. Rats of the CL group were injected I. C. V. 10 μL CL-activated ACM. The rats in both groups were subdivided into post-injection 2,4,8,12h subgroups, 4 in each subgroup in the control group and 8 in each subgroup in the CL group. The behaviors of the rats were observed and the expressions of Glu and GluR2 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The content of GluR2 was tested with Western blot. Results The rats injected with CL-activated ACM showed seizure activities, whereas the rats of the control group showed no seizure activities. The expression of Glu in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the brains injected with CL-activated ACM was increased compared with the control group at 4h (P<0.05), but the expression of GluR2 was attenuated compared with the control group at 4h(P<0.05). The results of GluR2 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus detected with Western blot were different significantly with control group (P<0.05). Conclusion CL-activated ACM can enhance the expression of Glu and reduce the expression of GluR2 in the brain of rat, resulting in the activation of AMPA pathway and the Ca2+ influx, and then induce seizure activities.

Animals ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Genetic Therapy ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo determine the effectiveness of surgical correction for post-traumatic kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine.

METHODSFrom 1996 to 2003, 33 consecutive patients with post-traumatic kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine were corrected surgically. The mean age was 40.3 years (range, 13 - 65 years). The mean time between the initial injury and surgical correction was 36.0 months (range, 6 - 220 months). The kyphotic deformity averaged 40.8 degrees (range, 20 degrees - 82 degrees ). All the patients had neurological deficits. Twelve patients had obvious back pain. Seven patients lost sphincter function completely and nineteen patients lost the function partly. Twenty-three patients had ever undergone laminectomy and/or instrumentation. The treatment procedure consisted of anterior release and posterior spinal osteotomy with instrumentation (15 patients), posterior closing wedge osteotomy with instrumentation (12 patients), anterior release and instrumentation (6 patients).

RESULTSKyphosis was corrected from an average of 40.8 degrees to an average of 5.7 degrees, the corrective rate was 86.0% (40.8 degrees - 5.7 degrees /40.8 degrees). There were no severe complications. The average follow-up period was 24.6 months (range, 6 - 84 months). There was no loss of correction at follow-up. Ten of these patients showed an improvement in neural function by one or two levels according to the classification. Sphincter function recovered partly in ten patients. Back pain was relieved significantly in all of twelve patients with back pain preoperatively. Bony fusion was achieved in thirty-two patients. One patient had nonunion and achieved bony fusion after revision.

CONCLUSIONPosterior closing wedge osteotomy was suitable to kyphosis less than 40 degrees. Anterior release and posterior spinal osteotomy was effective, especially to the patients with severe kyphosis deformity or with operation history. Patients with incomplete neurological deficits and/or severe back pain could get benefit from osteotomy of spine, even if their medical history was long.

Adolescent ; Bone Transplantation ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effect adenovirus-mediated apoptin gene transfer combined with ADM and CDDP on hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.

METHODSIn c57BL/ 6 mice bearing hepatocellular carcinoma, the changes of tumor volume, histomorphology, tumor inhibition rate and the side effects were observed after intratumoral injection of adenovirus containing apoptin gene and ADM and CDDP.

RESULTSSeven days after the treatment, the mean volume of the tumor in the mice receiving intratumoral apoptin-containing adenovirus injection combined with ADM and CDDP reduced significantly as compared with that in mice treated with adenovirus vehicle and control group. The tumor inhibition rate in the combined treatment group was 90.13%, significantly higher than that in the control group. No adverse effect of the treat was observed in the course of the experiment.

CONCLUSIONThe adenovirus vectors containing apoptin gene combined with ADM and CDDP may serve a safe treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Capsid Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo find the causes of the spinal primary tumors recurrence in surgical technique.

METHODSFrom 1989 to 2002, 38 cases of primary spine tumors, including giant cell tumor, osteoblastoma, chondrosarcoma and chordoma with wide resection via a piece-meal fashion. By adopting a retrospective method, the present study investigated the clinical and imaging materials of pre- and post-operation period and those in follow-up.

RESULTSThe study included 18 cases of giant cell tumor, 6 osteoblastoma, 6 chondrosarcoma and 8 chordoma. In all cases, 63% of tumors were in cervical and cervicothoracic (C(7)-T(2)) spine; 29% in thoracolumbar (T(4)-L(5)) spine and 8% in sacrum. Tumors involved in multi-segment were 34%. And 71% patients had the tumor in the body and the arch simultaneously. And 71% of tumors formed paraspinal masses, 42% in both sides. The tumors invaded the channel in 58% of the cases. The compartment were invaded in 79% patients. Finally, 32 patients were followed up, from 1.0 approximately 14.9 years, 5.1 years average. Seventeen patients recurred after the surgery, the recurrence rate was 53%. The recurrence rate of giant cell tumor was 35%, osteoblastoma 50%, chondrosarcoma 75%, chordoma 100%. The recurrence rate of tumor in cervical and cervicothoracic spine was 63%, thoracic-lumbar 33%, sacrum 67%. The recurrence rate of multi-segment tumors was 80%, and that of single segment 41%. The recurrence rate of the tumors involving in vertebral body alone or involving the arch simultaneously reached 75% and 55% respectively; the recurrent rate in the arch alone was 33%. The recurrence rate of the tumors involving in vertebral body ranged in different segments. Those growing in cervical and cervicothoracic spine reached 73%; those growing in thoracolumbar spine was only 25%. The recurrence of the tumors without soft masses was 20%, those of single-sided soft masses was 45% and those of double-sided 91%. Among the 17 recurrent patients, 83% of the tumors were in the cervical and cervicothoracic spine. Those extending to the upper cervical and cervicothoracic amounted to 58%. All the 17 recurrent patients had body lesion and paraspinal soft masses.

CONCLUSIONSDuring the primary spinal tumor operation, that failure to get adequate exposure and full division is thought to be the cause of recurrence. So the precise design before surgery and adequate exposure of the tumor in the surgery is the guarantee of wide excision.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of early diagnosis of recurrence and early revision after resection of primary spine tumors.

METHODSFrom March 1989 to September 2005, the relate clinic data of 55 patients with giant cell tumors, osteoblastomas, chondrosarcomas and chordomas in spine in big piecemeal and current fashion was analysed.

RESULTSIn 55 cases, 43 patients were followed up and had complete materials. The follow-up time ranged from 1.6 to 16.5 years, averagely 5.8 years. Thirty-four patients followed up regularly, and 12 were found recurrent, in which one C(1) giant cell tumor was found extensively large 3 months after initial surgery and was undertaken palliatory curet. The other eleven lesions were small and re-operated with wide margin. As a result, six patients lived without tumors during the 1 approximately 9.5 years follow-up, one patient gave up revision when found recurred again for economic reason, another four patients recurred repeatedly, but they persisted in regular follow-up and took revision surgeries whenever the recurred lesion were found. As a result, 3 of them lived without tumor and the other one died of other disease without sign of recurrence. In contrast, there were another nine patients who came to follow up until they had symptoms and were confirmed recurrent extensively. Two of them were excised radically for the tumors located in the relatively easily exposed segments of spine and lived without tumor now. While the other seven patients only received palliatory curet and all died of tumors.

CONCLUSIONSRegular follow-up, early diagnosis of recurrence and early revision need to be regarded as part of radical excision and are very important of surgical treatment of spinal tumors, which can prolong the patients' survival time.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Bletilla striata has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for several centuries. In recent years, the quality and quantity of wild B. striata plants have declined sharply due to habitat deterioration and human over-exploitation. Therefore, it is of great urgency to evaluate and protect B. striata wild plant resource. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were applied to assess the level and pattern of genetic diversity in twelve populations of B. striata. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity (PPB = 90.48%, H = 0.349 4, I = 0.509 6) and moderate genetic differentiation among populations (G(st) = 0.260 9). Based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA), twelve populations gathered in three clusters. The cluster 1 included four populations. There are Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Xuancheng and Hangzhou. The seven populations which come from Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province belonged to the cluster 2. The cluster 3 only contained Wenshan population. Moreover, Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances (r = 0.632 9; P < 0.000 1). According to the results, we proposed a series of conservation consideration for B. striata.
China ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Orchidaceae ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics