Neuro-ophthalmology,as an interdisciplinary,covers ophthalmology,neurology and neurosurgery.In China,the development of neuro-ophthalmology has just started,therefore how to train neuro-ophthalmological specialists in China is a problen.This paper analyzed the medical education and current situation of neuro-ophthalmology of China and America,discussed the differences between them,and then put forward some problems existing in the neurological ophthalmology physician training and solutions,aiming at improving the specialist physician train program of Neuro-ophthalmology by learing from foreign medical education development experience,and promoting the development of neuro-ophthalmology in China.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; complications ; microbiology ; Liver ; microbiology ; Male ; Mycoses ; complications ; Spleen ; microbiology ; Young Adult

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Germinal Center ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; classification ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Aged ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Thalidomide ; adverse effects ; Venous Thromboembolism ; chemically induced ; prevention & control

Humans ; Interferons ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Deferoxamine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; chemically induced ; Male ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo construct and identify a lentiviral vector of RNA interference targeting human Notch-1 gene.

METHODSTo determine the Notch-1 gene sequences, three RNAi target sequences (shRNA1-3) were designed in accordance with the RNAi sequence design principles and cloned into the lentiviral vector pLenOR-THM by endonuclease BamH I restriction, EcoR I double digestion, and T4 DNA-ligase ligation. After the transformation into competent DH5alpha bacteria, the candidate clones were identified by Kpn I and EcoR I double digestion and DNA sequencing. The recombinant and three packaging plasmids were co-transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line 293T cells by lipofectamine to produce the lentiviral particles. The viral titer was determined. The 293T cells were infected by the lentiviral particles obtained, and transfection efficiency was assessed using a fluorescent microscope. The lentiviral vector particles were also transfected into ACC-M cells. The Notch-1 expression in the transfected cells was assayed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis.

RESULTSThe lentiviral RNAi vector pLenOR-THM-Notchl for Notch-1 gene was constructed successfully. Strong green fluorescence was observed in the 293T cells under fluorescent microscope after co-transfection of the cells with the four plasmids of lentiviral vector. The virus in the supernatant reached a titer of 5.8 x 10(8) TU x mL(-1). The transfection efficiency of the collected virus exceeded 90% in 293T cells with 1 as a multiplicity of infection. The third lentiviral vector was found to significantly inhibit the Notch-1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels.

CONCLUSIONThe lentiviral RNAi vector of Notch-1 has been successfully constructed and identified.

Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Plasmids ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptor, Notch1 ; Transfection

ObjectiveTo evaluate the biomechanical stability and the clinical efficacy of the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Methods Twelve lumbar fracture models were made on fresh calf lumbar spine specimens to compare the stability of the 4 monoaxial screws and 4 muhiaxial screws transpedicular fixation by examining the range of motion(ROM) in flexion,extension, lateral bending, and torsion. Sixty cases of thoracolumbar fractures without neuro-deficiency were treated surgically, 11 of the minimally invasive group(monoaxial screw group) and 18 of the open surgery group(multiaxial screw group) were followed up more than 12 months. ResultsThe 4 monoaxial screws transpedicular fixation specimen exhibited a smaller ROM significantly in flexion, extension compared withthe 4 multiaxial screws transpedicular fixation specimen. The 4 monoaxial screws transpedicular fixationspecimen exhibited a significantly smaller ROM in flexion and extension than the intact specimens. TheROM in the 4 multiaxial screws transpedicular fixation specimen and the intact showed on significant differences. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the preoperative and postoperative anterior fractured vertebral height (AVH) and the Cobb's angle (CA), but there were significant differences in the AVH and the CA between preoperative and postoperative in the two groups. There were significant differences in the correction loss of the AVH between the two groups at final follow-up.ConclusionThe percutaneous pedicle screw fixation using Sextant system is a good minimally invasive surgical choice for patients with thoracolumbar fractures without neuro-deficiency, but which has a loss of the AVH and worse flexion-extension stiffness in follow-up compared with the open monoaxial screws fixation.

0.05).Conclusion Indexes of oxygen function may become criteria of early diagnosing NRDS,observing effect of treatment and guidance of ventilation weaning.