Objective: To study chemical components of rhizome of Arundo donax, a folk medicine. Methods: Using different methods such as chromatography and recrystallization purification to get chemical components, and the structures were identified by physical and chemical properties and spectral data. Results: Twenty-three compounds were isolated and identified as following: hexadecanoic acid (1), n-docosane (2), myristic acid glycerides (3), 5,6-epoxy-22,24-ergosta-8(14),22-diene-3,7-diol (4), 5,6-epoxy-22,24-ergosta-8(9),22-diene-3,7-diol (5), 5,8-epidioxy-22,24-ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (6), stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (7), 6,9-epoxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol (8), stigmast-22-en-3,6, 9-triol (9), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol (10), 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-quinone (11), sinapaldehyde (12), hydroxycinnamic acid (13), β-sitostenone (14), α-asarone (15), 4-dodecylbenzaldehyde (16), β-sitosterol (17), α-spinasterol (18), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (19), ursolic acid (20), N-acetyltryptamine (21), daucosterol (22), and (-)-syringaresinol (23). Conclusion: Compouds 1-16 and 18-23 are isolated from the plant in genus Arundo L. for the first time.

Objective To compare the effects of antenatal ambroxol and 3-day dexamethasone and 1-day dexamethasone on rats′ fetal lung morphogenesis.Methods Twelve pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups randomly:3-day ambroxol group,3-day dexamethasone group,1-day dexamethasone group and control group,every group had 3 rats.On gestational day 19,cesareans were carried out and the histologic structures of 6 fetal rats lungs of each pregnant rats were observed with light microscope,electronic microscope and image analysis.Results 1.Under the light microscope,compared with control group,fetal rats lung in three treatment groups had more alveolar numbers,larger alveolar space,and thinner alveolar septum(Pa

Objective To investigate the effect of early rehabilitation on neurological function and cerebral blood flow of patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods100 cases of acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into the rehabilitation group(53 cases) and control group(47 cases).Both groups received the routine treatment;besides,patients in the rehabilitation group were treated with early rehabilitation training.The treatment efficacy was assessed by neurological function deficit evaluation,and the cerebral blood flow was measured by transcranial Doppler(TCD) before and 30 days after treatment.ResultsThe scores of neurological function deficit evaluation of all patients in each group decreased after treatment,but the scores of the rehabilitation group were obviously lower than that of the control group(P<0.01);and the results of TCD of the rehabilitation group were also superior to that of the control group(P<0.01).ConclusionEarly rehabilitation training may obviously improve neurological function and cerebral blood flow of patients with acute cerebral infarction.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of terpene penetration enhancers on membrane fluidity and membrane potential using HaCaT keratinocytes, and study the potential mechanisms of these terpene compounds using as natural transdermal penetration enhancer. Six terpene compounds, namely menthol, limonene, 1,8-cineole, menthone, terpinen-4-ol and pulegone, were chosen in this study on account of their good penetration-enhancement activities. The cytotoxicity of these terpene compounds was measured using an MTT assay. The fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique was employed to measure the change of membrane fluidity of HaCaT cells. The flow cytometer was used to study the alteration of membrane fluidity of HaCaT cells, and investigate the effect of terpene compounds on intracellular Ca2+. It was found that 6 terpene compounds possessed low cytotoxicity in comparison to the well-established and standard penetration enhancer azone. Those terpene compounds could significantly enhance HaCaT cells membrane fluidity and decrease HaCaT cells membrane potentials. Meanwhile, after treated with various terpene compounds, the Ca2(+)-ATPase activity and intracellular Ca2+ of HaCaT cells was decreased significantly. Terpene penetration enhancers perhaps changed the membrane fluidity and potentials of HaCaT cells by altering the Ca2+ balance of the cell inside and outside, resulting in the low skin permeability to increase the drug transdermal absorption.
Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Membrane Fluidity ; drug effects ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects ; Terpenes ; pharmacokinetics

Abstract?AIM: To investigate mechanism of bradykinin ( BK) on inflammations of retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE) cells.?METHODS: ARPE -19 cells were cultured in vitro, stimulated by 100nM BK for 24h. Cell morphology changes were observed by microscope, and BK receptor localization was detected through cell immunofluorescence. Changes of Ca2+in BK and BR antagonist stimuli were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy.The expressions of COX-1, COX-2, eNOS and iNOS protein in control group and BK group were detected by Western Blot.?RESULTS: After the stimulation of BK, there was no significant changes of ARPE-19 cells in morphology.Kinin B1 receptors ( B1R ) and B2 receptors ( B2R ) could be detected in ARPE-19 cells.Compared with control group, Ca2+concentrations significantly increased in BK group; in B1R antagonist group and B2R antagonist group Ca2+concentrations increased less than BK group; B1R and B2R antagonist group showed no obvious changes in Ca2+concentrations.Compared with control group, COX-2 and iNOS protein concentrations were significantly increased in BK group (P<0.001).?CONCLUSION:BK induces the increasing expression of COX-2 and iNOS in the cultured ARPE cells through binding with either B1R or B2R.

The poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid derivatives were synthesized for constructing pH-sensitive liposomes. The polyethylene glycol polymer MePEG2000-NH2 and phospholipids POPA were connected by phosphorus-amide linkage. The poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid derivatives acidic sensitive liposomes were prepared. Factor effects on polymer insertion into liposomes were evaluated and the pH-sensitivity of the polymer associated liposomes were studied by calcein release assay. The poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid derivatives acidic sensitive liposomes were prepared successfully by the extruding linkage device. The liposomes constructing by poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid derivatives was stable at pH 6.5-7.5, the stability was closely related to phospholipid types and cholesterol content of the preparation of liposomes. At pH 5.0 occurred when divulging fluorescence occurred obviously, the leakage rate and the strength was with a positive correlation between time of in the acidic environment and intensity of acid. The acidic sensitive liposomes prepared by poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid derivatives were developed as a potential pH sensitive delivery system.
Cholesterol ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Liposomes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polymers

To explore influence of Xinmailong injection on cardiac function and vascular endothelial func‐tion in advanced aged patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) heart failure (HF).Methods : A total of 122 advanced aged AMI‐HF patients treated in our hospital from Mar 2015 to Jul 2017 were selected ,randomly and e‐qually divided into routine treatment group (received routine anti‐HF medication ) and Xinmailong group (received Xinmailong injection based on routine treatment group ) ,both groups were treated for 10d and then followed up for six months .LVEF ,wall motion score index (WMSI) ,serum levels of BNP , hsCRP , cTnI ,nitric oxide (NO) ,en‐dothelin (ET)‐1 and inner diameter of brachial artery were observed and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results : Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in LVEF [routine treatment group : (35.42 ± 5.11)% vs. (44.62 ± 5.88)%;Xinmailong group : (36. 13 ± 5.64)% vs. (49.75 ± 6. 18)%] and serum NO level [routine treatmentgroup : (108. 35 ± 21.67) μmol／L vs. (129.68 ± 25. 83 ) μmol／L ; Xinmailong group : (110.26 ± 22.71) μmol／L vs. (156.82 ± 24. 19) μmol／L] ,and significant reductions in WMSI [routine treatment group : (2.49 ± 0.51) score vs. (1.45 ± 0.34) score ; Xinmailong group : (2.51 ± 0.42) score vs. (1. 12 ± 0.27) score] ,NYHA class (routine treatment group :3.19 ± 0. 44 vs. 2.65 ± 0.36 ;Xinmailong group :3. 21 ± 0.42 vs. 2.11 ± 0.28) ,serum levels of BNP [routine treatment group : (986. 72 ± 245.63 ) pg／ml vs. (764.42 ± 217.33) pg／ml ; Xinmailong group : (989.99 ± 243. 54 ) pg／ml vs. (607. 82 ± 198. 65 ) pg／ml ] , hsCRP [routine treatment group : (24.31 ± 3.82) mg／L vs. (14.52 ± 1. 69 ) mg／L ; Xinmailong group :(24.93 ± 3.74) mg／L vs. (7. 81 ± 0. 96) mg／L] ,cTnI [routine treatment group :(5.29 ± 0.43) μg／L vs. (3.01 ± 0. 27) μg／L ;Xinmailong group :(5.37 ± 0.64) μg／L vs. (1.42 ± 0.33) μg／L ] and ET‐1 [routine treatment group :(95. 67 ± 16. 32) ng／L vs. (76. 34 ± 17.82) ng／L ;Xinmailong group :(96.13 ± 17.21) ng／L vs. (57.29 ± 14. 63) ng／L] in two groups ;and LVEF and serum NO level of Xinmailong group were significantly higher than those of routine treatment group , WMSI ,NYHA class ,serum levels of BNP ,hsCRP ,cTnI and ET‐1 of Xinmailong group were significantly lower than those of routine treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in reactive hyperemia brachial diameter (Dhyperemia ) , fore brachial artery endothelium dependent diastolic‐systolic function (FMD) in Xinmailong group after treatment , and they were significantly higher than those of routine treatment group , P＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01 .Conclusion : Xinmailong injection can significantly improve cardiac function and vascular endothelial function in AMI‐HF patients ,which is worth extending .

Objective To investigate the influence of RNA-interfered ribonucleotide reductase M2(RRM2)on apoptosis and invasion of ovarian cancer cells with drug resistant.Methods The specific small interfering(siRNA)transfected SKOV3/DDP of RRM2 gene were designed as the interference group.SKOV3/DDP cells,SKOV3/DDP-RRM2 non-specific negative cells were designed as the blank group and negative group.The cell proliferation inhibition rate was detected,RI and drug resistant transfection rate were calculated,the expression of RRM2 mRNA was detected by fluorescence PCR.The effect of siRNA transfection on SKOV3/DDP resistance index and RRM2 protein was analyzed,and the invasion ability of SKOV3/DDP cells was observed with Transwell.Results The transfection rate of the blank group,negative group and interference group was 90％.The drug resistance of DDPto SKOV3/DDP cells was low and gemcitabine was sensitive to SKOV3/DDP cells.DDP and gemcitabine of the DDP on cell half inhibitory concentration(IC50)values showed significant differences among three groups(P<0.05).IC50 values of DDP and gemcitabine on cells in the interference group were significantly lower than the negative group and blank group(P<0.05).The relative expression of SKOV3/DDP cells and SKOV3 cells RRM2 protein showed significantdifferences(P<0.05),and the relative expression was significantly lower in transfection group I,transfection group II and transfection group III than the negative group and blank group(P<0.05).The decrease of relative expression of RRM2 protein was the greatest in the transfection group I(P<0.05).The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the interference group than the blank group and the negative group,transmembrane cells were fewer than the blank group and the negative group(P<0.05).Conclusion siRNA can effectively inhibit the proliferation and invasion of RRM2 gene in ovarian cancer.It can increase the drug sensitivity of drug resistant cells,especially cells promoting the apoptosis of drug resistant cells induced by DDP.

Objective To investigate the influence of RNA-interfered ribonucleotide reductase M2(RRM2)on apoptosis and invasion of ovarian cancer cells with drug resistant.Methods The specific small interfering(siRNA)transfected SKOV3/DDP of RRM2 gene were designed as the interference group.SKOV3/DDP cells,SKOV3/DDP-RRM2 non-specific negative cells were designed as the blank group and negative group.The cell proliferation inhibition rate was detected,RI and drug resistant transfection rate were calculated,the expression of RRM2 mRNA was detected by fluorescence PCR.The effect of siRNA transfection on SKOV3/DDP resistance index and RRM2 protein was analyzed,and the invasion ability of SKOV3/DDP cells was observed with Transwell.Results The transfection rate of the blank group,negative group and interference group was 90％.The drug resistance of DDPto SKOV3/DDP cells was low and gemcitabine was sensitive to SKOV3/DDP cells.DDP and gemcitabine of the DDP on cell half inhibitory concentration(IC50)values showed significant differences among three groups(P<0.05).IC50 values of DDP and gemcitabine on cells in the interference group were significantly lower than the negative group and blank group(P<0.05).The relative expression of SKOV3/DDP cells and SKOV3 cells RRM2 protein showed significantdifferences(P<0.05),and the relative expression was significantly lower in transfection group I,transfection group II and transfection group III than the negative group and blank group(P<0.05).The decrease of relative expression of RRM2 protein was the greatest in the transfection group I(P<0.05).The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the interference group than the blank group and the negative group,transmembrane cells were fewer than the blank group and the negative group(P<0.05).Conclusion siRNA can effectively inhibit the proliferation and invasion of RRM2 gene in ovarian cancer.It can increase the drug sensitivity of drug resistant cells,especially cells promoting the apoptosis of drug resistant cells induced by DDP.

Objective To explore clinical and laboratory factors associated aspirin response,and the association between gastrointestinal bleeding and aspirin response in aged patients.Methods A total of 136 patients aged 60 and over [ mean age (74.9 ±7.0)years] with ischemic heart disease and at high risk for ischemic heart disease were included.Arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation (AA-Ag) was measured before and at 7th day after taking aspirin ( 100 mg/d).Patients were followed for 6 months and incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was obtained.Results Post-treatment AA-Ag was significantly reduced compared to baseline ( 13.29％ ±5.52％ vs.73.20％ ±7.32％,P ＜0.05).A heterogeneous distributed post-treatment AA-Ag was observed ( range 0.42％ to 30.50％ ).Post-treatment AA-Ag was positively correlated with baseline AA-Ag ( r =0.493,P ＜ 0.01 ).The level of post-treatment AA-Ag was significantly higher in the fourth quartile group at baseline than in the others quartile groups at baseline.Patients aged 80 years and over had significantly lower post-treatment AA-Ag ( 10.25％ ±4.68％ ) compared with patients of 60 -69 years (13.96％ ±5.20％ ) and of 70 -79 years (13.73％ ±5.48％,all P＜0.01 ).The incidence of patients in the lowest quartile of post-treatment AA-Ag was significantly higher in patients ≥ 80 years (38.24％ ) than in patients of 60 -69 years ( 11.1％ ) and of 70 -79 years (24.0％).Multiple variable analysis revealed post-treatment AA-Ag was significantly influenced by baseline AA-Ag,≥ 80 years old,diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome.We observed 4 ( 2.9％ ) mild gastrointestinal bleeding during follow up.Post-treatment AA-Ag was in the lowest quartile in 3 patients with mild gastrointestinal bleeding.Conclusions Increased baseline platelet reactivity as well as diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome are associated with low aspirin response in the aged patients.Aspirin response is significantly higher in very old patients.