Objective To assess the diagnostic value of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody(an- ti-CCP),rheumatoid factor,anti-perinuclear factor(APF)and anti-keratin antibody(AKA)for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA)and compare it with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Anti-CCP was determined by ELISA in 54 serum samples of JRA patients,31 from patients with other rheumatic diseases and 116 RA patients.RF was determined in the same samples by latex agglutination test.APF and AKA were determined by indirect immunofluorescent assay.Results The sensitivity of anti-CCP,RF,APF and AKA was 61.1%, 57.4%,37.0% and 18.5% and their specificity was 96.8%,93.6%,96.8% and 100%,respectively for the diag- nosis of JRA.The sensitivity of anti-CCP resembleed that of RF,Anti-CCP was more sensitivity than APF and AKA in JRA.The sensitivity of anti-CCP,RF,APF and AKA was 82.3%,78.3%,48.7% and 25.4% and their specificity was 95.7%,73.7%,91.6%,94.0% respectively,for the diagnosis of RA.Anti-CCP,RF,APF and AKA were less sensitive in JRA than in RA.There was no statistical significance in specificity of these anti- bodies for the diagnosis of JRA and RA.Conclusion The detection of anti-CCP,RF,APF and AKA are use- ful for the diagnosis of JRA,but are less sensitive than in adults RA.

OBJECTIVETo observe the temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of Ca2+ in the rat brain following focal cerebral ischemia injury and explore the protective effect of puerarin against calcium overload.

METHODSFocal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. After cerebral ischemia, puerarin was administered in the rats at different time points. The volume of ischemic cerebral tissue was assessed by TTC staining, and the fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ in the cortex and corpora striata was determined under laser scanning confocal microscope.

RESULTSThe fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ in the infracted cortex and corpora striata begun to increase 2 h after the ischemia and was further enhanced with the prolongation of the ischemic time. No significance was found in the fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ between the cortex and corpora striata. The fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ in the infarcted corpora striata was obviously higher than that in the cortex after ischemia. Compared with that in the ischemic model group, the fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ in the infarcted cortex and corpora striata decreased significantly at 2 and 12 h following puerarin intervention (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPuerarin treatment can relieve calcium overload, reduce cerebral ischemic volume and play a neuroprotective role against focal cerebral ischemia. Twelve hours following cerebral ischemic injury may be the time window for administering puerarin intervention.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of naringin of Drynaria Rhizome, a Chinese medical component of Zhuanggu Jianxi Recipe (ZJR) containing serum on caveolin-p38MAPK signal factors (such as caveolin-1, p-p38, p-ATF-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in IL-1β induced rabbit degenerated chondrocytes, and further to explore its mechanism for protecting articular cartilages.

METHODSNaringin of Drynaria Rhizome was obtained and analyzed by HPLC-TOF/MS. Four weeks old New Zealand rabbits were killed and their bilateral knee joints were isolated aseptically. CDs were isolated and then cultured in vitro. The second generation of CDs were used for later experiment. The effect of naringin on CDs proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The effect of naringin on the expression of IL-1β-induced collagen II in CDs was detected by immunohistochemical method. The effect of naringin on caveolin-1, p-p38, and p-ATF-2 protein in IL-1β-induced CDs was detected by Western blot. The effect of naringin on mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in IL-1β-induced CDs was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe appearance time of naringin in flow graphs of naringin standard solution and ZJR containing serum was 23.5 min, and the molecular weight ranged between 581.0 and 581.5 m/z. Naringin could promote the proliferation of CDs, and inhibit the effect of IL-1β on collagen II in CDs. Compared with the model group, naringin could reduce the expression of caveolin-1, p-p38, p-ATF-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α in IL-1β induced CDs (P < 0.05), which was approximate to the level of the normal group.

CONCLUSIONSNaringin could not only promote the proliferation of CDs, but also protect IL-1β-induced CDs. Its mechanism might be associated with decreasing the expression of caveolin-1, p-p38, and p-ATF-2 proteins, inhibiting caveolin-p38MAPK signal pathway, and further reducing mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the downstream of caveolin-p38MAPK signal pathway.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cartilage, Articular ; Caveolins ; Chondrocytes ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Polypodiaceae ; Rabbits ; Rhizome ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

AIMTo evaluate in vitro release of lycopene microcapsules. Pharmacokinetic parameters of lycopene microcapsule and lycopene powder as reference were estimated after a single dose of oral administration to dogs. The relationship between in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption was investigated.

METHODSThe content of lycopene in the release medium was determined by UV spectroscopy method. Health hybrid male dogs were used as experiment subjects and lycopene powder used as standard to estimate the pharmacokinetics of lycopene microcapsules. HPLC method was used to assay the concentration of lycopene in dog plasma. Pharmacokinetics parameters were estimated by 3P87 program. The drug release percentage in stimulated intestinal fluid was compared with the absorption at a given time point.

RESULTSThe release profiles of lycopene from microcapsule showed that the lycopene gelatin microcapsule exhibited enteric property. The pharmacokinetics parameters estimated after oral administration of lycopene powder and lycopene microcapsule in a single dose of 2.5 mg x kg(-1) body weight to dogs were 7.30 h, 15.06 h for T1/2alpha; 28.10 h, 46.76 h for T1/2beta; 22.32 h, 41.03 h for T(max); 1.67 microg x h x L(-1), 2.08 microg x h x L(-1) for AUC(0-infinity), respectively. The concentration-time curves could be fitted to a two-compartment model for both the lycopene powder and the lycopene microcapsule analyzed by 3P87 program. The relationship between in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption was found to have good correlation (r = 0. 981 9) was found.

CONCLUSIONIt could be concluded that lycopene microcapsule was a sustained release dosage form. The result of release in vitro could be used to predict the absorption in vivo.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Capsules ; Carotenoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Male

Based on the literature research on the development and application of fire-needle, the materials, the manufacturing process and application in clinic practices were studied. The major type, application and the representative experts of fire-needle in the contemporary era were summarized in this paper. The application fire-needle is more and more expanding in clinic practices, and the modern type of fire-needle should be promoted at present.
Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Needles

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of intracellular 5-lipoxygenase on oxidation of benzidine in HBE cells and to provide further evidence that lipoxygenase is an alternative pathway for the oxidation of xenobiotics mediated by cytochrome P450.

METHODSEnzyme system test: Soybean lipoxygenase (SLO), substrate (benzidine) and other components reacted in the enzyme system, followed by detection of the reaction products by spectrophotometry. In vitro test: After HBE cells were exposed to benzidine, the protein levels of 5-lipoxygenase in HBE cells were assessed by Western-blot, and the DNA damage by the single cell gel electrophoresis. At last, the effect of the specific inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (AA861) on 5-lipoxygenase protein expression and DNA damage in HBE cells were detected.

RESULTSSLO could catalyze the co-oxidation of benzidine to generate benzidine diimine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Under optimal condition, numax value of the oxidation of benzidine catalyzed by SLO was 1.42 nmol*min(-1) SLO, and the Km value of benzidine was 1.48 mmol/L. EGCG could inhibit the oxidation of benzidine by SLO. Benzidine could induce 5-lipoxygenase protein expression in HBE cells, but AA861 was invalid. Benzidine caused DNA damage in HBE cells, which could be significantly inhibited by AA861.

CONCLUSION5-LOX protein expression in HBE cells can be regulated by benzidine, which suggests that the co-oxidation of benzidine by 5-LOX could produce into electrophile that could covalently bind to DNA and induce DNA damage, which could be one of the mechanisms for carcinogenesis of BZD. 5-LOX inhibitor AA861 can inhibit this effect.

Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase ; metabolism ; Benzidines ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Humans

Objective To explore the risk factors of lung cancer among non -smoking women.Methods A total of 229 new cases of lung cancer among non -smoking women from 2005 to 2008 were collected.The design method of 1 to 2 matching case -control study was used controlling age,sex and smoking conditions.The data was analyzed by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis.Results Single factor analysis identified 13 risk factors (all P <0.05).The multivariate conditional logistic regression and factor analysis showed that respiratory disease history,family history of cancer,poor interpersonal relationship,psychological problems,feeling heavy smoke when cooking,consumption of salty and dry food,later menarche and passive smoking were risk factors (OR =24.427,5.539,3.041,2.622,1.856, 1.724,1.565 and 1.598 respectively),high income level and high consumption of vegetables were protective factors (OR =0.650 and 0.683 ).Conclusion respiratory disease history, family history of cancer, poor interpersonal relationship and psychological problems are main risk factors of lung cancer among non -smoking women.

To simulate intervention measures in controlling an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis on one school campus by using the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model, to provide evidence for preparedness and response to the epidemic. Classical SIR model was used to model the epidemic. Malthusian exponential decline method was employed to estimate the infective coefficient β for interventions. The initial value of parameters was determined based on empirical data. The modeling was implemented using Matlab 7.1 software. Without interventions, the outbreak was expected to experience three phrases: (1)early stage (the first 5 days) in which the epidemic developed slowly and could be intervened easily; (2) rapid growing stage (6-15 days) in which the number of infected cases increased quickly and the epidemic could not be well controlled;and (3) medium and late stage (16 days and later) in which more than 90% of the susceptible persons were infected but the intervention measures failed to prevent the epidemic. With the implementation of interventions, the epidemic was predicted to be controlled in the early stage, under the SIR model. The simulation based on the SIR model kept an acceptable consistency with the actual development of epidemic after the implementation of intervention measures. The SIR model seemed effective in modeling interventions to the epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the schools.

Objective To investigate the role of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) in the growth and invasion of human glioma cell line by introduction of exogenous microRNA to silence PTTG 1 gene expression. Methods Two double-stranded DNA pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR vectors (MIR-1, MIR-2) targeting human PTTG1 mRNA and a negative control plasmid (Neg) were constructed, and were transfected into human U251 cells with high metastatic potentials. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to quantify the mRNA and protein levels of PTTG1, respectively. Proliferation and invasiveness of transfected U251 cells were analyzed by MTT assay and Matrigel invasion assay. Results After transfection, Expression of PTTG1 mR.NA was inbibited significantly with inhibitory rates of 87.6% in MIR-2 group, and the protein levels were significantly lower than those of the other groups. There was significant difference in cellular growth rate among the 3 groups. The growth inhibiting rates in the MIR-2 group are 10.7%-34.7%. The migrating number of U251 cells transfected with MIR-2 with relative percentage (12.3±1.0)% was also significantly decreased as compared the Neg group (24.7±1.4)% and Mock group (24.0±2.0)%. Conclusion Introduction of exogenous miRNA to U251 cell line by transfection of MIR-2 can effectively reduce the PTTG1 expression, which can significantly inhibit the proliferation and decrease the invasiveness of glioma cells.

BACKGROUNDWhether an addition of OAC to double antiplatelet therapy for patients with an indication of chronic oral anticoagulation undergoing PCI-S may improve clinical outcomes is still debated. This meta-analysis aimed to update and re-compare the benefits and risks of triple antithrombotic therapy (TT) with double anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) after in patients who requiring oral anticoagulation after percutaneous coronary interventions with stenting (PCI-s).

METHODSTen reports of observational retrospective or prospective studies were retrieved, including a total of 6296 patients, follow-up period ranging from 1 year to 2 years.

RESULTSBaseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The main finding of this study is the overall incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis was comparable between two groups. Patients with TT was associated with significant reduction in ischemic stroke (OR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.13 - 0.57; P = 0.0006) as compared to DAPT. We reaffirmed triple therapy significantly increased the risk of major bleeding (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.22 - 1.78; P < 0.0001) and minor bleeding (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.07 - 2.24; P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONSTriple therapy is more efficacious in reducing the occurrence of ischemic stroke in PCI-s patients with an indication of chronic oral anticoagulation (OAC), compared with DAPT. However, it significantly increased major and minor risk of bleeding. It is imperative that further prospective randomized controlled trials are required to defne the best therapeutic strategy for patients with an indication of chronic OAC undergoing PCI-s.

Aged ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Publication Bias ; Stents