OBJECTIVE To describe the sonographic features of carotid body tumor(CBT), and determine the utility of ultrasonography as a diagnostic study in the preoperative patients. METHODS Sonograms of 60 patients with 65 CBT were reviewed with gray scale and duplex Doppler sonography. The evaluated features included the location, size, margins, shape, internal echogenicity, the relationship between the tumor and the carotid artery,and blood flow velocity. RESULTS All carotid body tumors were located at the carotid artery bifurcation. Well-defined, solid, weakly hypoechoic masses were noted on gray scale sonography in the carotid bifurcation. Color Doppler sonography showed hypervascularity in 61 masses. Pulsed Doppler analysis of blood flow within the tumor mass was possible in 61 CBT, and low-resistance waveforms were obtained from multiple sites within the mass in all cases. CONCLUSION The ultrasound characteristics of the CBT possess specificity to some extent. Duplex Doppler ultrasound can provide the relationship between the tumor and the carotid artery,and provide important information of intratumor blood flow,which has important value in the diagnosis of CBT.

AIM: To observe the alterations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and TIMPs (the inhibitor of MMPs) and to study the influence of a new endothelin receptor antagonist CPU 0213 on MMPs mRNA and TIMPs mRNA in rats with hypertrophic myocardium induced by L thyroxin (L thy). METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups and sc administrated suspension of L thy ( 0.4 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) for consecutive 10 d except for normal group. On the 7th day, the rats treated with L thy were given CPU 0213(ig, 100 mg ? kg -1 ?d -1 ) for 3 d . The whole collagen content in myocardium was measured. Relative LV myocardial mRNA levels of MMPs (MMP 2, MMP 9) and tissue inhibitor (TIMP 1, TIMP 2) were detected with semi quantitative RT PCR. RESUITS: The whole collagen content in myocardium induced by L thy decreased but it increased in the group CPU 0213. The expression of MMPs (MMP 2, MMP 9) mRNA was downregulated in L thy group and the expression of TIMPs mRNA was upregulated in L thy group markedly. Treated with CPU 0213, the expressions of MMP 9 and TIMP 1 mRNA were downregulated, whereas the expression of MMP 2 mRNA coming from CPU 0213 group tended to upregulate. But there was no statistical significance among these groups. CONCLUSION: CPU 0213 can inhibit the expression of MMPs and increase collagen content, which can improve heart function.

Microbubble contrast agents for ultrasound (US) have been developed and clinically applied in recent years. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been widely used in the imaging of liver and other organs such as kidney, pancreases, spleen, prostate, ovarian, uterus as well as abdominal trauma, showing promising values in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various diseases. This article reviews the recent development and future protential clinical applications of CEUS.
Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Microbubbles ; Ultrasonography ; methods

Objective To observe the ultrasonographic features of local chest wall tumor recurrence after mastectomy for breast cancer and its clinical and histopathological characteristics. Methods The ultrasonographic features, clinical and histopathological characteristics of 27 patients with local chest wall tumor recurrence after mastectomy confirmed histopathologically were retrospectively reviewed. Results The disease-free intervals of twenty-seven patients ranged from 3 to 129 months [mean (31.9±31.4) months]. Most of the recurrence(18/27, 66.7%) occurred within 3 years after mastectomy. The clinical manifestations were:7 cases (7/27, 25.9%) with regional skin redness and swelling, red rash or ulceration on chest wall associated with or without palpable mass, 20 cases(20/27, 74.1%) with chest wall palpable masses without obvious skin change. On ultrasonography, 2 cases showed diffuse inifltrative type with ill-deifned inhomogeneous hypoechoic lesion and skin thickening. And twenty-ifve cases(43 lesions) showed mass type with a lesion size range of 5.4-114.7 mm [mean (24.4±21.6) mm]. Among them, 32 lesions were located near to the operation incision scar, 36 involved muscle layer, 38 were hypoechoic, 31 had irregular shape, 24 had indistinct margin, and 31 had blood lfow signal. In addition, calciifcation, halo, and taller-than-wide shape were absent in all 43 lesions. Conclusions The tumor recurrence often occurred within 3 years after mastectomy in high-risk patients. Ultrasonographic feature of chest wall recurrent lesion is of great value in the diagnosis.

Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery (LS) provides distinct advantages. However, LS is limited because of the lack of flexibility and tactile feedback. These drawbacks may result in prolonged learning curve and increase in difficulty of sur-gery, particularly for reconstructive LS. This study aimed to determine more efficient methods and resolve several limitations, such as surgical education, LS, surgical procedures (suturing and knotting), iconography, and biotechnology in LS. This review provides a broad overview of studies related to this field.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of plasma metformin hydrochloride and an HPLC/ESI-MS method for the determination of plasma glibenclamide in human. Methods The metformin plasma samples were added with acetonitrile to denature proteins and the supernatant was injected into the system directly by using EC 250/4.6 NUCLEOSIL 100-5 analytical column (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m) with a mobile phase of 0.03 mol/L (NH 4) H 2PO 4∶acetonitrile (75∶25, pH 7.0) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength of 240 nm. Using glipizide as a internal standard, the glibenclamide plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and determined by LC-MS using a chromatographic column ORBAX SB300C 18 (2.1 mm?150 mm, 5 ?m) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% ammonium acetate (55∶45, V/V) at the flow of 0.2 ml/min. Results The glibenclamide concentration had a good linear correlation in the range of 2-200 ng/ml (r=0.999 8) while the metformin concentration in the range of 6.25-4 000 ng/ml (r= 0.999 9 ). Both the inter-day and intra-day RSD of metformin and glibenclamide were lower than 5%. Conclusion The assays have been proved to be sensitive, accurate and convenient and can be used in the study of human pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and metformin hydrochloride.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare Buserelin acetate nanoparticles(BA-NP) and to investigate its release property in vitro.METHODS: The BA-NP was prepared using double emulsion method.The content determination of BA-NP was performed using HPLC,and encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading rate of BA-NP were calculated.In vitro drug release property of nanoparticles was investigated by bag filter method.RESULTS: Prepared nanoparticles were even and regular in appearance.The linear range of buserelin acetate was 0.1～8.0 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) with an average recovery of 105.38%.The RSD of intra-day and inter-day were lower than 1.78% and 0.93% respectively.The encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles was(63.37?0.29)% and drug-loading rate of(1.03?0.09)%.The accumulative release rate of nanoparticles in phosphate buffer(pH=7.4) at 72 h was 62.35%.CONCLUSION: The preparation process of BA-NP is simple and particle with ideal release effect.

Objective To explore the correlation between family function and clinical symptom in depression and its effect on suicidal ideation.Methods Forms of General information,Hamilton Depression Scales (HAMD),Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (S1OSS),Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale,Second Edition (FACESII-CV) were used to the survey in which 125 voluntary subjects were involved who were then under the treatment in the hospital.All the subjects were divided into two groups by SIOSS standard for evaluation,including the suicidal ideation group (SIOSS ≥ 12 points;81 cases),and the non-suicidal ideation group (SIOSS ＜ 12 points;44 cases).Results (1) The scores showing FACESII-CV of suicidal ideation patients were evidently lower than those the non-suicidal ideation patients (P ＜ 0.05).The highest proportion of the family type was intermediate type in non-suicidal ideation patients and extreme type in the suicidal ideation patients.(2) The scores showing SCL-90 of suicidal ideation patients were evidently higher than those the non-suicidal ideation patients (P ＜0.05).(3) The scores of family cohesion had negatively correlated with interpersonal sensitivity,hostility,paranoid ideation of SCL-90.The scores of family adaptability had negatively correlated with total scores,total average,positive symptom distresslevel,somatization,obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism of SCL-90.The multiple linear regression was Y =2.523X1 (depression)-0.144X2 (family adaptability) + 13.659.Conclusions It is revealed that the suicidal ideation depression patients suffer less sufficient family cohesion and adaptability than non-suicidal ideation.Its clinical symptoms are more complex,diverse,and severe.Most of them have an intermediate type family in non-suicidal ideation depressions,and the most common family type in the suicidal ideation depressions is extreme type family.For the suicidal ideation depression patients,the worse the family function,the more severe the clinical symptoms.Degree of depression and family adaptability has speculated significance to suicidal ideation.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a RP-HPLC method for determining the concentration of chlorhexidine(Ⅰ) in mouse serum METHODS:Ⅰ and the internal standard,diazepam,were extracted to ethyl acetate with sodium laurysulfonate as ion-pair Chromatographic separation was achieved on ?-Bondapak C18 column(3 9mm?300mm,10?m)equilibrated with 0 02mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution (pH=3)∶methanol(44∶56,V/V),with UV detection at 257nm RESULTS:The calibrotion curve of Ⅰ was linear in the range of 0 5～10?g/ml,r=0 9 997 The avarage recovery was 104 67%(n=6) The within-day and between-day RSDs in serum concentrations of 1?4?8?g/ml were 1 5%?0 37%?0 26% and 2 45%?0 46%?1 27% respectively The minimum detectable concentration was 0 4?g/ml CONCLUSION:The developed method was sensitive,accurate and suitable for the determination of Ⅰ in mouse serum

During epidemiology teaching,it is important for teachers to use person-based teaching method according to different specialty bachelors to improve the teaching quality.