Type 2 diabetes(T2DM) is the collective result of insulin resistance in both muscle and liver andβ cell function failure. Traditional pharmaceutical therapy fails in ceasing progressive decline in β cell function. Bariatric surgery has been widely accepted as an efficient measure to treat diabetes. However, the prevalent standards mainly based on body mass index can not meet the demand for promoting remission rate. Related factors should be included in prediction of post-operative remission, like end-point setting, T2DM status, biochemical index, and operative method etc. The combination of these factors can be used to benefit more patients with diabetes.

Existing laws in China indicate that the fault liability doctrine should be applied in tort lawsuits. However, there is currently the trend in the judicial field of applying strict liability with regard to medical institutions. Strict liability, realized chiefly through the reversal of the burden of relief, stresses the protection of the victims. By citing typical cases, the authors analyze the application of strict liability in medical malpractice disputes: ①Patients have no burden of relief on whether hospitals made errors in the harms brought about. ②There are limitations to reasons for hospitals to get exempted from liabilities; they cannot use reasonable care as pleas. ③The relationship between medical actions and patients' damages is presumed. The authors hold that although the use of strict liability may improve reasonable care by medical workers, yet when mature medical liability insurances are not in place, the application of strict liability in trials adds to the liability of medical institutions and their staff and cannot lead to genuine settlement of patient-doctor disputes. judicial institutions ought to apply strict liability in strict accordance with the law and avoid making compensations for patients at the compromise of judicial justice.

Objective To investigate the expression of nuclear factor-κB in alveolar macrophages of paraquat-induced rats and the effect of diallyl sulfide on it.Methods Forty five male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups,namely control group,model group,and DAS treatment group (n =15 in each).The model of paraquat poisoning was reproduced by single does of 70 mg/kg given by intra-gastric administration,while the equal volume of normal saline (NS) was given to the rats in control group instead.The dose of 100 mg/kg of DAS was given to rats by intra-peritoneal injection in DAS treatment group.The equal volume of NS was given to the rats by intra-peritoneal injection in model group and control group instead.The rats of model group and DSA treatment group were exposed to paraquat once a day for 14 days.Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 3,7,14 days.Alveolar maerophages were harvested by bronchalveolar lavage (BAL).The protein content of BAL fluid were examined.The exprossion of NF-κB was measured with immunocytochemistry technique.Results Alveolar macrophage cultures were carried out by using differential adherence of isolated and purified alveolar macrophages,and after 30 minutes culture,more adherent macrophages can be seen.Compared with model group,the protein content of BAL fluid at dfferent intervals in the control group were obviously lower,especially on the 3 rd day (261.6 ± 17.16) μg/mL vs.(673.4 ± 151.9) μg/mL;7 d (265.6 ± 18.37) μg/mL vs.(581.3 ± 134.58) μg/mL;14 d (253.8 ± 11.43) μg/mL vs.(589.07 ± 33.85) μg/mL,P ＜ 0.05.Comparisons of protein content in BLA fluid between PQ group and DAS treatment group were on the 3 rd day (673.4 ± 151.9) μg/mL vs.(342.9 ±39.03) μg/mL;on the 7 th day (581.3 ± 134.58) μg/mL vs.(383.7 ±7.37) μg/mL,P＜0.05;on the 14 th day (589.07±33.85) μg/mL vs.(282.9±15.59) μg/mL,P＜0.05.The immunocytochemistry analysis revealed minimal NF-κBp65 expression in the cell cytoplasm in the control group,while high NF-κBp65 expression was found in nuclear in the model group.Minimal NF-κBp65 expression was found in the cell cytoplasm in the DAS treatment group,and integral A value was significantly lower in the DAS treatment groups than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment with an intra-peritoneal injection of DAS is capable of attenuating the extent of PQ-induced ALI in rats by lowering BLA fluid protein content,inhibiting the expression of NF-κB in alveolar maerophages.

The gradually developing study methods included the application of socket-limb interface stress test, socket computer aided design and manufacture, finite element method, the building of prosthesis 3D-rigid body kinetic model, gait analysis, and the footplate force system.

Objective To investigate the features of gait in patients with lumbar disc herniation suffering low back pain radiating to the unilateral lower limbs during walking, and estimate the test-retest reliability of the plantar pressure distribution. Methods 32 patients of lumbar disc herniation with low back pain radiating to the unilateral lower limb were tested with the Footscan plantar system during normal walking for 5 times. The gait phases, contacting time of every plantar region and maximum force were recorded in both the uneffected and the affected lower limbs in patients. The reliability was estimated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results There were significant differences between the uneffected and the affected lower limbs in the gait phase except for the Initial Contact Phase. The Forefoot Contact Phase and Foot Flat Phase of the affected lower limbs were obvious shorter than the uneffected ones (P<0.01), while the Forefoot Push Off Phase was longer (P<0.01). Except for the region of Metatarsal 5, the contacting time of every plantar region of the affected lower limbs were lower than the uneffected ones (P<0.05). The maximum force of regions of Metatarsal 4, Metatarsal 5 and Heel Lateral were lower in the affected limbs than the uneffected ones (P<0.05). ICCs of gait phase, the contacting time of every plantar region and maximum force were generally over 0.76. Conclusion Differences were found in gait phase, the contacting time of every plantar region and maximum force between the uneffected and the affected lower limbs in patients with lumbar disc herniation. All the variables are reliable for test-retest.

Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Postoperative Period ; Recovery of Function

Rapid tumor cell growth depends on intracellular polyamine levels higher than those of normal cells. Intracellular polyamine depletion inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, polyamine metabolism has recently been identified as an important target for anti-tumor therapy. This article briefly summarizes recent polyamine metabolism targeting, polyamine depletion within the tumor cells through a variety of methods, and the antitumor effects of the treatment.

Objective To observe the preventive effects of 2.5% sodium bicarbonate solution on the patients who had upper respiratory tract infection caused by fungal with hormone treatment.Methods 36 patients of systemic lupus erythematosus,polymyositis/dermatomyositis were randomly divided into two groups:observer group with glucocorticoid treatment and using 2.5% sodium bicarbonate solution to clean the mouth,and control group only with glucocorticoid treatment.After 7 days,we observed the rate of fungal infection of the two groups.Results There was significant diffience on the rate of fungal infection between observer group and control group(P0.05).Conclusion Using 2.5% sodium bicarbonate solution to clean the mouth can effectively prevent the patients who has upper respiratory tract infection caused by fungal with hormone treatment and decrease the rate of fungal infection.

Objective To explore the influence and its efficacy of Tong-Xinluo capsule on plasma endothelin levels in the patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods 60 patients with ACI enrolled within 72 h of onset were allocated to Tong-Xinluo group(n=30) or control group(n=30) randomly.The control group was treated with Piracetam and aspirin,while Tong-Xinluo was provided 4 tablets tid for 30 d together with Piracetam and aspirin in the other group.Before and at 30th day after treatment,the patients were evaluated by European stroke scale(ESS) and activities of daily living(ADL),and the changes of ESS and ADL were served as the index of efficacy.The plasma level of endothelin-1(ET-1) was tested in the meanwhile.Results 30th day after treatment,there was a significant derease of ET-1 both in Tong-Xinluo group [(40.3?20.5)pg/ml] and control group [(31.5?14.7)pg/ml](P

Objective To observe the protective effect of Chinese traditional medicine Ginkgo Biloba extract on rat brain with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Methods Compared with ischemia/reperfusion group, Ginkgo Biloba extract-treated group was observed the change of ischemia and edema volume and NAA and lactate in by DWI and ~1H-MRS examination after cerebral ischemia /reperfusion 1 h,3 h,6 h. Results A significant reductions in infarct volume were found in the Ginkgo Biloba extract-treated group compared with the control group after cerebral ischemia 60 min/reperfusion 1 h,3 h,6 h. Ginkgo Biloba extract could decrease the concentration of Lac/(PCr+Cr) and prevent the decline of the concentration of NAA /(PCr+Cr) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, it had significantly difference compared with the control group(all P