Objective To optimize the method and condition s for the extraction process of Fushuning Granules.Methods Different factors and levels were in vestigated by orthogonal design wit h yields of oleanolic acid and tanshi noneⅡ A as the markers.The yields of effective com ponents by percolation and reflux we re compared.Results The extraction ratio by re-flux was higher than that by percolation.The primary factors influencin g extraction ratio by reflux were the pulverization degree of medicinal materials,concentration of alcohol,refluxing times and refluxing perio d.Conclusion The opti-mum extraction process was:refluxing and extracting the pulverized med icinal materials for 3times(1hours each time )with 6-fold 90%alcohol added in the f irst time and then 5-fold in the secon d and the third time.

Objective To study the effect of baclofen and physical therapy on spasticity after cerebral traumatic injury.Methods20 Patients accepted Baclofen and physical therapy for 3～6 months.Blood and urine routine test,hepatic and renal function were monitored before and every 2 months after treatment.Modified Ashworth scale and Modified Barthel Index(MBI)were used for evaluation.ResultsTheir muscular tension was significantly improved(P<0.01)after treatment,as well as the MBI(P<0.01).1 case was very effective,9 cases were effective,8 cases were improved,2 cases were not effective.No side-effect was observed.ConclusionBaclofen and physical therapy is effective on spasticity after cerebral traumatic injury,especially intervening at the early stage.

Objective To analyze the relationship between clinical competence of baccalaureate nursing students and its potential related factors,and investigate the results of curriculum reform of 4-year nursing undergraduate education.Methods The records of 263 baccalaureate nursing graduates were retrieved.Variables including age,years of college education,sex,college entrance examination scores,average scores of basic courses,average scores of public courses and average scores of professional courses were collected.Clinical competence was measured by the clinical practice tests at various clinical units.The linear regression analysis was performed to find out the influencing factors of clinical competence.Results The clinical competence was significantly related to sex,average scores of public courses and average scores of professional courses(P

Objective:To explore the effect of repetitive high-frequency magnetic stimulation (H-F rTMS) of the dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) combined with smoking-related cues on nicotine addicts′ cigarette craving, the concentration of exhaled CO and sleep quality.Methods:Sixty nicotine addicts were randomly divided into groups A, B and C, each of 20. All were given H-F rTMS five times a week for two weeks, while those in groups A and B watched smoking and non-smoking pictures for ten minutes, respectively. Before and after the intervention, all of the subjects self-reported their cigarette cravings using a visual analogue scale. Exhaled CO (CO ppm) was measured and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was evaluated. Results:After the intervention the average craving score, CO ppm and PSQI score had improved significantly in all three groups. The average craving score and CO ppm of group A were both significantly better than in the other two groups. Conclusions:rTMS can significantly improve cigarette craving, CO ppm and sleep quality of cigarette adicts. Viewing smoking-related pictures as an addition to rTMS can even better the effects of rTMS.

Objective To investigate the significance of metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1 ),cyclooxygerase-2 ( COX-2 ),beta catenin ( β-catenin )、matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma.Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin,MMP-3 and MMP-9 rnRNA expression in samples from 30 fresh colorectal carcinomas and 30 corresponding adjacent tissues.And the correlation analysis of the gender and age of patients,CEA,immune cellular factors ( CD4 and CD8 ),clinical stages,and the degree of differentiation was undertaken.Results The expression levels of MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin and MMP-9 were significantly different between colorectal carcinoma tissues and adjacent colorectal tissues (P ＜ 0.05 ).MMP-3 showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin and MMP-9 expression levels showed an average 2.22-fold,1.86-fold,2.16-fold,0.58-fold ( P ＜ 0.01 ) increase in colorectal carcinoma tissues when compared with adjacent colorectal tissues respectively.There were negative correlation between MALAT1 and β-cateuin ( colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) ( r =- 0.346,P =0.030).While there were positive correlation between MMP-9 and β-catenin ( colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) ( r =0.312,P =0.047 ).There were significant difference between male patients and female patients in terms of COX-2 and MMP-9 (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) (P =0.047; P =0.018).There were significant difference between patients with tumor marker CEA increase and patients without CEA increase in terms of COX-2 ( colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) ( P =0.021 ).Conclusion MALAT1,COX-2,MMP-9 and β-catenin have significance in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma,while MMP-3 has no significant reference value. The negative correlation between MAL(A)T-1 and β-catenin and the positive correlation between MMP-9 and β-catenin might show some interaction relationship in the development of colorectal carcinoma.The expression differences of COX-2 and MMP-9 (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) in male and female patients suggest that above two genes may affect the occurrence ratio of colorectal carcinoma.Detecting of COX-2 maybe helpful to the tumor marker CEA during the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To analyze the feature and cause of stumps of amputees after Wenchuan earthquake,and study the effects of rehabilitation treatment for stumps.Methods Fifty-two cases with stump limbs post-amputation were evaluated,including stump skin status,stump shape,stump length,stump swelling,range of motion (ROM)of joint and strength of stump,and were treated with physical therapy,stump moulding and kinesiotherapy.Results The incidences of stump ulcer,stump swelling,conical stump,short stump and limitation of ROM of joint in all 52 cases were 76%,73%,34%,40%and 42%respectively.After rehabilitation treatment stump ulcers healed,stump swelling eliminated;stump shape,ROM of joint and muscle strength improved obviously.All poor stumps could be fit with the prosthetic limb and get good function.Conclusion The incidences of poor stump limb post·amputation after earthquake were high.Rehabilitation treatment can improve the stump condition.Early comprehensive rehabilitative intervention after amputation is important for fitting the prosthetic limb tO the stump.

To obtain ginsenoside Rg1 molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) separating materials with high selectivity, enrichment and adsorption performance through directional separation of ginsenoside Rg1 and analogues. In this study, MIPs were respectively prepared by precipitation polymerization and surface imprinted polymerization. Their adsorption performances were compared. The results showed that ginsenoside Rg1 MIPs prepared by the above two methods had a high adsorption performance to template molecules, with the maximum apparent adsorbing capacity of up to 27.74, 46. 80 mg x g(-1), respectively. Moreover, MIPs prepared by surface imprinted polymerization showed higher adsorption capacity than that by precipitation polymerization. The experimental results indicated that as for ginsenoside Rg1 with higher polarity, MIPs prepared by surface imprinted polymerization showed higher selectivity and adsorption performance, which provides provide important reference for preparing imprinted polymers with good adsorption performance with active molecules with strong polarity.
Adsorption ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chemical Precipitation ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Imprinting ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; chemical synthesis

Purpose: To understand the function of catabolism degradation in the formation and deterioration of hypertrophic scar. Method: The study was carried out clinically, on animal model and cultured fibroblast cell. The investigation was conducted with naked eye, microscope, situ hybridization, dot blot hybridization, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry. Result:①The hypertrophic scar grew up very slow but might be eliminated 1/3 to 2/3 within one month with different chemical intervention. ②The synthesis of collagen in hypertrophic scar increased a little, but it's degradation decreased much more. ③The collagenase MMP-1 could destroy the collagen after local injection into the hypertrophic scar, it was proved by light and electromicroscope. ④The expression of MMP-1 Mrna increased a little in hypertrophic scar, but MMP-1 in the scar really decreased in quantity and activity. ⑤Ch-4-S increased significantly in hypertrophic scar, it wrapped up the collagen fibrils and blocked its contact with and avoided its catabolism by MMP-1.TIMP increased in hypertrophic scar and depressed the activity of MMP-1. ⑦The expression of TGF-β increased significantly. It positively related with the expression of TIMP and negatively related with the apototic phenomena in hypertrophic scar. The fibroblast in hypertrophic scar was rich and active, but its proliferation was not elevated and apotosis was delayed. Conclusion: ①The delay of apotosis of fibroblast, the wrapping of collagen by Ch-4-S, the reduction of collagenase in quantity and activity together made the abolition of collagen decreased and might be primary for the formation of hypertrophic scar. ②Accelerating the apotosis of fibroblast and catabolism of collagen might be an easy and rapid way for prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar.

The shape and structure of granules are controlled by the granulation process, which is one of the main factors to determine the nature of the solid dosage forms. In this article, three kinds of granules of a traditional Chinese medicine for improving appetite and promoting digestion, namely, Jianwei Granules, were prepared using granulation technologies as pendular granulation, high speed stirring granulation, and fluidized bed granulation and the powder properties of them were investigated. Meanwhile, synchrotron radiation X-ray computed micro tomography (SR-µCT) was applied to quantitatively determine the irregular internal structures of the granules. The three-dimensional (3D) structure models were obtained by 3D reconstruction, which were more accurately to characterize the three-dimensional structures of the particles through the quantitative data. The models were also used to quantitatively compare the structural differences of granules prepared by different granulation processes with the same formula, so as to characterize how the production process plays a role in the pharmaceutical behaviors of the granules. To focus on the irregularity of the particle structure, the box counting method was used to calculate the fractal dimensions of the granules. The results showed that the fractal dimension is more sensitive to reflect the minor differences in the structure features than the conventional parameters, and capable to specifically distinct granules in structure. It is proved that the fractal dimension could quantitatively characterize the structural information of irregular granules. It is the first time suggested by our research that the fractal dimension difference (Df,c) between two fractal dimension parameters, namely, the volume matrix fractal dimension and the surface matrix fractal dimension, is a new index to characterize granules with irregular structures and evaluate the effects of production processes on the structures of granules as a new indicator for the granulating process control and optimization.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fractals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Powders ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synchrotrons ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of temporal distance parameters on comfortable and maximal walking speed of hemiplegic stroke patients.MethodsThe comfortable and maximal walking speed of 85 hemiplegic stroke patients were tested by 10 m walking speed and temporal distance parameters of gait cycle were obtained. The effect of step length and walking rate on comfortable and maximal walking speed was analyzed.ResultsStep length and walking rate were significantly positive related to comfortable and maximal walking speed (r=0.849-0.915,P<0.001).The step regression analysis selected step length as a significant variable for comfortable and maximal walking speed (R2=0.835,R2=0.827,respectively). ConclusionThe important parameter that influences comfortable and maximal walking speed of hemiplegic stroke patients is step length.