OBJECTIVE To report the investigation on validating clinical moist sterilizer by applying wireless thermo-loggers in accordance with the advanced Euro and British standards.METHODS The validation had been implemented with microbiological tests and thermometric tests to measure the temperature distribution of the chamber of sterilizer,the temperature and time relation inside the tested package of small and challenge loads,the pressure of the chamber and the temperature beside the drainage.RESULTS The measurements presented the relation between temperature and time measurements of the spots inside the chamber of the tested sterilization loads.CONCLUSIONS The measurement results indicate directly the operation condition and the temperature-time relation inside sterilization loads.These measurements are helpful for controlling sterilization quality.The results of microbiological tests are negative,which are consistent with that of thermomeric tests.

Objective To study the whole-genome evolution of influenza B viruses prevalent in Qingdao from 2006 to 2011 .Methods RNA was extracted from influenza B viruses isolated in Qingdao from 2006 to 2011 .Each gene segment was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and then sequenced .Gene sequences of each virus were determined and assembled by using Sequench -er software .A phylogenetic analysis for each gene segment was conducted by using MEGA 5.0 software pack-age.Results The phylogenetic tree of hemagglutinin ( HA) gene showed that 13 strains from 2006 to 2009 belonging to V1 clade of Victoria lineage were B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like viruses,and 12 strains from 2009 to 2011 belonging to the V2 clade of Victoria lineage were B/Brisbane/60/2008-like viruses.Moreover, strains of Yamagata lineage were all B/Florida/4/2006-like viruses including 5 strains of Y1 clade circulated from 2006 to 2008 and 7 strains of Y2 clade circulated from 2010 to 2011, respectively.The analysis of whole-genome evolution showed that 3 viruses of V2 clade presented 5+3 reassortment and 1 virus presented 1+7 reassortment.All reassortant strains matched with the vaccine strains of the present and previous season . The Yamagata and Victoria lineage strains belonged to genotype 2 and genotype 15,respectively.Compared with vaccine strains , the HA1 protein of Victoria lineage strains showed mutations at amino acid sites of H14Q, L58P, N129S, I146V, N171D and R279K, while R48K, K88R, P108A, N116K, S150I, N165Y, D196N,N202S and S229G amino acid mutations were mainly detected in Yamagata lineage strains .The sites 116 and 129,150,165,196 and 202 located in the 120,150,160 and 190 loops,respectively,which had been previously determined to be the hotspots under positive selection .Conclusion Both Yamagata and Victoria lineages of influenza B viruses were prevalent in Qingdao and evolved continuously from 2006 to 2011 .The selective pressure that a vaccine would provide was only to virus strains belonging to the same lineage ,sug-gesting a bivalent vaccine may be better for the induction of protective immunity .

To developing a simple, rapid and sensitive immunoaffinity method for extracting DNA before amplification by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Using monoclonal anti-DNA bound to colloidal-gold beads(which called immunocolloidal-gold ) and extracting DNA from the specimen before amplification by PCR. The immunoaffinity method we use is extremely efficient in extracting DNA at low concentration, also, the beads carrying the DNA/anti-DNA complexes can be added directly to a PCR mixture without elution, and the presence of PCR inhibitors in specimens has no effect on amplification. When applied to serial dilution bacteria suspension, the detection of limit can be 100 CFU/mL, and the sensitivity of detecting artificial soil sample and milk sample were 101 and 100 CFU/mL. The immunoaffinity method described here can sever as a sensitive and practicable method for extracting DNA , particularly where samples have low concentrations of DNA or where the material is in poor condition.

Red in vivo recombination is a new kind of genetic engineering technique based on homologous recombination. In this work, plasmid pKD46 which expresses Red recombination proteins is transferred into Escherichia coli strain DH5?.The kanamycine resistant gene is generated by PCR by using primers with homology to hisDCB gene of E.coli chromosome. Thus, the hisDCB gene was replaced with kanamycine resistant gene by the plasmid recombination system, then the resistant gene was eliminated by a helper plasmid encoding the FLP recombinase. At last, a E.coli histidine auxotroph which is sensitive to kanamycine was got. The results indicate that Red in vivo recombination is a convenient method to construct auxotrophs.

Objective To develop an easy,rapid and reproducible cefotaxime-agar medium(CTX- AM)for phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs)and AmpC ?-lactamases (AmpCs)in Enterobacteriaceae.Methods The surface of a cefotaxime(CTX,0.5 ?g/ml)-Mueller- Hinton agar and ceftizoxime(CAZ,1 ?g/ml)-Mueller-Hinton agar plate was inoculated with a lawn of E. coli ATCC 25922 according to the standard disk diffusion method,respectively.Immediately prior to use.blank and clavulanic acid(10 ?g),cloxacillin(300 ?g),clavulanic acid/cloxacillin(10/300 ?g) disk were rehydrated with 10 ?l of saline and several colonies of each test organism were applied to disks. Then the results of CTX-AM method to interpret based on a zone of growth around the periphery of disks.A total 58 of ESBL and AmpC producing and non-producing isolates of Enterobacteriaceae,as identified by the double-disk enhancement test(DDET)and the three-dimensional extract method(TDEM).were used to evaluate the CTX-AM method.Positive control(E.cloacae 029M,K.pneumoniae ATCC 700603)and negative control(E.coli ATCC 25922)strains were included.Results The results of CTX-AM method were similar to the DDET and TDEM method for detecting ESBLs and AmpC production in Enterobacteriaceae,respectively.But inhibitor-resistant ?-lactamase(IR-BLs)and other ?-lactamases were not detected by DDET method.Conclusions The new method described here allows for testing of ESBL and AmpCs on a single plate.It is easy to perform and interpret,and also cost-effective,clinical laboratories may use this technique routinely to detect the oresence of ESBL and AmoCs.

[Objective] To explore the relationship between children ’ s adaptation to kindergarten and their temperament type . [ Methods ] Initial survey: A self-made questionnaire was used to collect the relevant information.After that,a behavior screening questionnaire (BSQ) for 3 to 7 year old children was applied to assess the temperament type of those who were new to the kindergarten .Longitudinal study:Changes in children ’ s behavior in the kindergarten and at home were recorded by using a self-made obser-vation sheet in order to know their adaption situation .All participants were followed up 5 weeks. [ Results] Inadaptation to kindergarten was found to be obvious among children who were new to the kin-dergarten and the time needed for their adaption was one month .Adaption to kindergarten in children with positive temperament was much better than those with negative temperament (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The temperament type of children is correlated to their kindergarten adaption .

Abstract:This study aims to investigate the genetic characteristics of group A rotavirus (GARV) G9P[8] strains from infantile diarrhea samples in Hebei Lulong region from 2009 to 2011. We randomly selected five GARV G9P[8] strains in Hebei Lulong region from 2009 to 2011, amplified the 11 gene fragments of GARVs by RT-PCR, and analyz their full-genome sequences by homology and phylogenetic analysis with DNAStar and MEGA. The nucleotide homology between strains LL11131077 and LL11131083 in 2011 was significantly higher than hat etween them and the other three strains in 2009 and 2010. The G9P[8] GARVs circulating in Hebei Lulong region from 2009 to 2011 elenged to the same genotype as the prevalent G9P[8] GARVs in other parts of the world. However,the two strains in 2011, compared with those in 2009 and 2010, were located in a different sub-branch of the phylogenetic tree and had amino acid mutations at many sites.
China ; Feces ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rotavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Aged ; Giant Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the causes,consequences and management of injuries to the draining veins after embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations(BAVMs)with ?-n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA).Methods The angiographic imaging data of 189 BAVMs patients who underwent NBCA embolization were studied retrospectively.The status of the draining veins before and after NBCA embolization was observed and compared.The intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)complications and their relation to their angiographic features were analyzed.Results Twenty-three patients out of 189 patients showed injuries to the draining venous system,including 10 low-grade injury,6 moderate injury,and 7 high- grade injury.Six patients suffered from ICH after embolization,of whom 4 patients were due to injuries of the draining veins(2 moderate and 2 high-grade).In the 3 months follow-up evaluation of 4 patients with ICH, one died,one was in vegetative state,and the other two patients suffered from residual severe or minor (1 patient for each)permanent neurological deficits.Conclusion Our findings suggest that injury of the draining veins is the major cause of ICH and may lead to serious consequences after embolization of BAVMs with NBCA.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the neuro-protective effects of baicalin in Wistar rats with focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.

METHODSNinety adult male Wistar rats weighing 320-350 g were randomly divided into the following groups (n=5): (a) sham control group; (b) vehicle group, subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and received vehicle intraperitoneally; (c-e) baicalin groups, which were subjected to the middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with baicalin 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The neurological scores were determined at postoperative 1, 3 and 7 d after the treatment. The expression of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), PAR-1 mRNA and Caspase-3 were determined using Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

RESULTSSignificant decrease was noted in the neurological score in the baicalin group compared with that of the vehicle group (P<0.01). Additionally, down-regulation of PAR-1 mRNA, PAR-1 and Caspase-3 was observed in the baicalin groups compared with those obtained from the vehicle group (P<0.01). Compared with the low-dose baicalin group (25 mg/kg), remarkable decrease was noted in neurological score, and the expression of PAR-1 mRNA, PAR-1 as well as Caspase-3 in the high-dose group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONBaicalin showed neuro-protective effects in focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury through inhibiting the expression of PAR-1 and apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology