ABSTRACT:Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria with a unique biphasic developmental cycle ,and have close rela‐tionships with human .Emerging Chlamydia species such as Chlamydia ibidis ,Chlamydia avium and Chlamydia gallinacea changed the chlamydial taxonomy .The biggest change is the abandon of genus Chlamydophilaand its previous six species were recombined into genus Chlamydia ,which in together with the emerging species ,expands genus Chlamydia to 12 species .This paper briefly reviewed the latest taxonomy of Chlamydiae and their identification methods ,which include the classical biological characteristics and physico‐chemical properties ,modern molecular genetics ,and the newly developed whole genome analysis . Presently ,molecular genetics methods ,including sequence analysis of 16S rRNA ,ompA and other Chlamydia‐specific genes , are commonly used for chlamydial identification .

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fractioned radiation on the sensitivity of NCI-H446 small cell lung cancer cell line to chemotherapeutic drug and its mechanism. Exponentially growing NCI-H446 cells were exposed to 50 Gy radiation which was administered in 25 fractions with 2 Gy per fraction. The survival rate of NCI-H446 cell line was observed after the interference of different concentration of Mitomycin C given before and after fractioned radiation treatment. The survival rate of the radiated cells was higher than that of the unradiated cells with the same concentration of Mitomycin C(P

Objective To investigate the effect of different injection rate of contrast medium on the quality of multislice spiral CT portography(SCTP). Methods Thirty patients with no prominent difference in the age and weight randomly divided into 3 groups (10 cases each group) underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan of abdomen. Non-ionic contrast medium (300 mgⅠ/ml, 1.5 ml/kg) was injected through antebrachium veins with power injector at the rates of 2.0 ml/s,3.0 ml/s and 4.0ml/s. Arterial phase acquisi-tion was made using the software of automated bolus triggering with a ROI placed on abdominal aorta when 100 HU was reached, and 7 seconds and 20 seconds later, portal phases were done respectively. The attenuations of portal vein(PV) and hepatic parenchy-ma of 3 groups were measured on source images. Then the oblique axial and coronal maximum intensity projection(MIP) maps were reconstructed at workstation and PVs were observed. Statistics analysis was made with software of SPSS 11.5. Results The attenu-ations of PV in 2.0ml/s, 3.0 ml/s and 4.0 ml/s groups were (150.80±21.16)HU, (170.90±17.26)HU and [181.90±22.88) HU respectively. There was obvious difference between 2.0ml/s and 4.0ml/s groups for atteuation of PV(P=0.017). The differences of CT attenuation of PV-hepatic parenchyma in three groups were (50.20±17.40) HU, (67.10±23.08) HU and (76.20±22.75) HU respectively. Prominent difference was also found between 2.0 ml/s and 4.0 ml/s groups(P=0.039). The grades of segment of PV displayed on SCTP maps were 4.20±1.14,4.90±0.99 and 5.50±0.53 in 2.0 ml/s,3.0 ml/s and 4.0 ml/s groups respectively, which were of obvious differences between them (P=0.013). Conclusion Injection rate of contrast medium dose influence the quality of SCTP of PV,SCTP quality is best with velocity of flow at 4.0 ml/s.

A quantitative analysis method of multi-components with a single marker (QAMS) for simultaneous determination of six marker compounds (one from phenolic acids and five from phthalides) in Chuanxiong Rhizoma was established by applying HPLC and using butylidenephthalide as the internal reference substance. And also the feasibility and accuracy of the established method for quality evaluation and application of Chuanxiong Rhizoma were investigated and validated. The analysis was performed with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile - 0.2% aqueous formic acid. The flow rate was 1.0 mL . min-1 and the column temperature was maintained at 30 °C. The detection wavelengths were set at 252 nm (for ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, and butylidenephthalide) and 266 nm (for senkyunolide I, senkyunolide A, and coniferyl ferulate), separately, and 20 µL was injected for analysis with gradient elution. The results showed that there were no significant differences observed between the HPLC-QAMS method and the external standard method (RSD <5%). The relative correction factors were credible (RSD < 5%) in changed chromatographic conditions. The established HPLC-QAMS method can be accurately used for simultaneously evaluating and controlling the quality of Chuanxiong Rhizoma with multi-components.
4-Butyrolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; Acetonitriles ; Benzofurans ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Hydroxybenzoates ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effect of midazolam combined with fentanyl as adjuvant therapy on inflammatory factors and biochemical indexes in children with serious hand-foot-mouth disease with mechanical ventilation .Methods One hundred and thirty children with serious hand-foot-mouth disease treated with mechanical ventilation were selected at Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2010 to January 2014 . The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment regimen :58 cases treated with midazolam for sedation and analgesia as control group and 72 cases treated with midazolam combined with fentanyl as observation group . Inflammatory factors (interleukin-6 , interferon-γ ,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α) and biochemical indices (albumin ,alanine transaminase [ALT] ,aspartate transaminase [AST] ,alkaline phosphatase ,glutamate transpeptidase [γ-GT] and fasting blood glucose) before drug exposure and on withdrawal were compared between two groups .Adverse reactions were analyzed in the two groups .Continuous variables were compared using two-sample t-test , while categorical variables were compared using chi-square test . Results Interleukin-6 ,interferon-γ, high sensitive C reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α on withdrawal decreased significantly in both groups than those before drug exposure (all P< 0 .05) .All observation indices on drug withdrawal in observation group were significantly lower than control group (all P< 0 .05) .Levels of albumin ,ALT ,AST ,alkaline phosphatase and γ-GT were not significantly different between two time points in both groups (all P>0 .05) .However ,in observation group ,fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly on drug withdrawal compared with that before drug exposure ([5 .17 ± 0 .28] vs [10 .31 ± 1 .39] mmol/L ,t=46 .237 ,P=0 .000) ,and that was also lower than control group ([5 .17 ± 0 .28] vs [5 .85 ± 0 .34] mmol/L ,t=4 .372 ,P=0 .000) .Incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was significantly lower than control group (15 .3% vs 32 .8% ,χ2=4 .707 ,P=0 .030) . Conclusions Midazolam combined with fentanyl as adjuvant therapy is helpful to improve blood glucose , stabilize biochemical indices and reduce inflammation factor secretions in children with serious hand-foot-mouth disease with mechanical ventilation .This therapy is safe and worthy of clinical use .

Objective To investigate the analgesic effects of intraperitoneal lithium chloride injection on radicular pain behaviors in rats.Methods Using rat model of radicular pain induced by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion(CCD) ,40 male SD rats were randomly divided into model group and Sham-operation group (group S, n= 12) of radicular pain were established.The rats in the model group were subdivided randomly into Control group(group C, n= 12) ,Early treatment group(group E, n=8) and Later treatment group(group L, n= 8 ).Rats in group E were intraperitoneal injected with lithium chloride once daily on day 2 ～ 4 after CCD respectively,while rats in L,group C and S treated with Vehicle(0.9% NaCl).Rats in L group were intraperitoneal treated with lithium chloride on day 12 ～ 14 after CCD respectively,while rats in E,group C and S received Vehicle.The pain ethology indexes such as paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were tested on day 1 before operation and day 1,4,7,10, 14, 17 and 21 after operation.Results Compared to S group and preoperative level, PWMT and PWTL decreased at Day 1 postoperative in group C (P＜0.05).At day 4 after the operation,compared with group C(7.712 ±0.237)g and (8.190 ±0.382) s,PWMT and PWTL of E group increased to ( 14.607 ± 0,280) g and ( 19.940 ± 0.933 ) s (P ＜ 0.05 ) after intraperitoneal injected lithium chloride.At day 14, compared with group C ( 6.788 ± 0.331 ) g and ( 7.301 ± 0.481 ) s, PWMT and PWTL of group L increased to ( 11.700 ± 0.379) 8 and ( 18.524 ± 1.060) s (P ＜ 0.05 ).This analgesic effect of lithium chloride continued to exist at day 21.However, there was still a significant difference between S group and E,group L(P＜0.05).Conclusion Intraperitoneal lithium chloride injection alleviates pain behavior on radicular pain in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecally coadministered dexamethasone and spironolactone in trathecally on radicular pain behaviors.Methods Using rat model of radicular pain induced by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD) ,48 male SD rats successfully received intrathecal catheter implantation and without motor dysfunction were randomly divided into Sham-operation group (Sham group, n= 12),Control group ( C group, n = 12 ), Dexamethasone group ( D group, n = 8 ), Spironolactone group ( S group, n = 8 )and Dexamethasone plus spironolactone group (DS group, n=8).Rats in D group,S group or DS group were intrathecally treated with dexamethasone 4 μg, spironolactone 3 μg or dexamethasone 4 μg plus spironolactone 3 μg twice daily on day 2 ～4 after CCD respectively,while rats in C and Sham group received 10μl 10% alcohol.Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were tested on day 1 before CCD and day 1,4,7,10,14,17 and 21 after CCD.Results Compared with Sham group, both PWMT and PWTL were significantly decreased after CCD surgery on the ipsilateral side(P＜0.01 ＝.Intrathecally administrated with dexamethasone significantly improved pain behaviors (P＜0.01 ＝ and these therapeutic effects lasted up to 10 days after CCD surgery.As with dexamethasone,intrathecal spironolactone also significantly attenuated PWMT (P＜0.01 ＝ and PWTL (P＜0.01 ＝ and the change lasted up to 7 days after CCD surgery.Coadministration spironolactone and dexamethasone exhibited significant synergies( PWMT: ( 13.52 ± 0.72) g vs ( 11.58 ± 1.38 ) g, P ＜0.01; PWTL: ( 19.63 ± 1.68) s vs ( 14.14 ± 1.52) s, P ＜ 0.01 ＝.These effects lasted up to at least 10 days.Conclusion Both dexamethasone and spironolactone intrathecally have therapeutic effects on radicular pain behaviors, combination injection of these two drugs could generate significant synergies.

Objective To study the application value of G-lipopolysaccharides(G-LPS) detection in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods From Jan.2013 to Jun.2014,plasma G-LPS of TBI-patients and non-patients in this hospital were detected by using MB-80 microbiology analyzer and compared.Results of pathogenic microbiological detection of G-LPS positive TBI patients were analyzed,and G-LPS levels,detected before and after treatment,were also analyzed.Results G-LPS positive rate of TBI patients(33.33%) was higher than the 13.34% of non-TBI patients(P<0.05).After treatment,G-LPS level in G-LPS positive TBI patients significantly decreased(P<0.05).The common pathogenic bacteria,causing infection in TBI patients,included Acinetobacter bauman,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli,and the most common infection diseases included respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections.Conclusion G-LPS detection could be used for the early detection of secondary infection in TIB patients,with significance for guiding clinical treatment.

We designed and synthesized eighteen lycorine derivatives with five different structural types, and evaluated their antiviral activities on a HCoV-OC43-infected H460 cell model. Structure-activity relationships suggested that the introduction of appropriate substituents on the 6N atom of lycorine was beneficial to activity. Compound 6a gave a good activity with the half effective concentration (EC₅₀) and selectivity index (SI) values of 2.36 μmol·L^-1 and 16.52, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) result indicated that 6a might target the non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) subunit in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 with the dissociation constant (K_D) value of 1.36 μmol·L^-1. Molecular docking indicated that 6a might act on nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) catalytic center of NSP12, distinct from the mechanism of nucleoside-like drugs such as remdesivir. This study provides scientific data for the development of lycorine derivatives into a new class of anti-SARS-CoV-2 small molecule inhibitors.

In this study, we designed and synthesized 12 novel aloperine derivatives with different core structures. Among them, compound 3 with a ten-membered ring core was obtained through a special ring expansion reaction after γ-H Huffman elimination of quaternary ammonium salt, and the structure was verified by X-single crystal diffraction. Furthermore, their antiviral activity against human β-coronavirus HCoV-OC43 was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Quaternary ammonium salt 2a and 3 had a good inhibitory effect against HCoV-OC43, and 2a had the highest anti-HCoV-OC43 activity with an EC₅₀ values of 3.77 μmol·L^-1 and a SI value of over 53.1. Schrӧdinger molecular docking results showed that both 2a and 3 might display their anti-HCoV-OC43 activity by directly acting on host TMPRSS2 and SR-B1. The results expanded the structural types of endocyclic aloperine and the function against coronavirus, and provided useful scientific data for the development of pharmaceutical applications of these compounds.