OBJECTIVETo investigate the effectiveness of phosphorothioate multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (MDR1-AS) suppressing MDR1 expression in multidrug-resistant glioma cell line C6/adr.

METHODSThe glioma cell line C6/adr served as the tested model in vitro, MDR1-AS (5'-CTCCATCACCACCTC-3'), complementary to the -9- +6 sequence of first exon, was synthesized and phosphorothioate-modified. As control of sequence specificity, MDR1-S (5'-GAGGTGGTGA TGGAG-3') was used. Both antisense and sense oligodeoxynucleotides were transduced to C6/adr cells by lipofectin. The cytotoxity of MDR1-AS was tested using morphological observation and 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to monitor the expression levels of the MDR1 mRNA in the different groups. The positive rate of the MDR1 gene product P glycoprotein (P-gp) was determined by flow cytometry assessment.

RESULTSNo cytotoxicity of MDR1-AS was observed. The MDR1 mRNA expression level was decreased from 106% to about 30.44% 48 h after MDR1-AS treatment. The P-gp positive rate of MDR1-AS treated C6/adr cells decreased from 100% to 32.77%, with that of C6/adr cells considered as 100%.

CONCLUSIONSMDR1-AS can effectively inhibit MDR1 expression in the C6/adr cell line at both the mRNA and protein level, and may be an alternative treatment of drug-resistant gliomas.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Glioma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo establish a drug-resistance cell line of human glioma mediated by MGMT.

METHODSSimulated the clinical usage of BCNU to establish a BCNU-resistant human glioma subline by cyclic exposing the U251 parent cells to a constant concentration of BCNU. The resistance index and the expression of MGMT mRNA of U251/BCNU were detected and compared the difference of in vitro proliferation between U251 and U251/BCNU.

RESULTSA subline--U251/BCNU was successfully established in about 4-month culture, which had a stable resistance to BCNU. U251/BCNU cells showed 17-fold higher resistance to BCNU than did U251 cells by MTT assay, while U251/BCNU cells expressed MGMT mRNA. The doubling time of U251 and U251/BCNU had no statistical difference.

CONCLUSIONA drug-resistance cell line of human glioma mediated by MGMT is established, which could provide experimental basis for further studies on the resistance mechanism and reversal methods of glioma chemotherapy.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Modification Methylases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective To evaluate the development of the sphincter muscle complex(SMC)and defecation function in pediatric patients with congenital anorectal malformations(ARM).Methods A total of 64 children underwent MRI,among whom 39 were patients with ARM,and the others were patients without ARM undergoing MRI because of other dieases.The dimensions of the SMC in different planes were evaluated with different sequences and coils.The relationship between the SMC development and the defecation function was investigated.Results In control group,the absolute value of SMC width was (3.63?0.22)mm,which had a high correlation with age(r=0.998,P0.05).The SMCs in intermediate ARM patients[muscle index(MI)=0.47?0.05]and low ARM patients(MI=0.49? 0.05)were well developed.The SMCs in a portion of patients with high ARM(MI=0.28?0.06)were poorly developed,when MI≤0.18,anorectal contraction pressurewas significantly lower(t=3.55, P0.18[(0.85?0.20)vs(2.24?1.02)kPa].The length of anal canal with high-pressure[(10.88?3.64)vs(20.26?4.34)mm]was shorter(t=5.18,P0.18,the anorectal angle was less than 90 degrees,and normal continent function was found in 21 of 23 cases(91%).Conclusion MRI can be employed to evaluate the development of SMC in patients with ARM,MI was an objective criteria to evaluate the development of SMC.When MI≤0.18, maldevelopment of SMC will be highly suspected.

Objective: To summarize the clinical application patterns in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD by reviewing the clinical literatures on acupuncture-moxibustion for Alzheimer disease (AD) published between January 2009 and December 2019. Methods: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), Chinese Medicine Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Database, PubMed Medical Data Retrieval Service System, Springer Database and Ovid Technologies (OVID) were retrieved to screen clinical studies of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to conduct quantitative, clustering and association analyses. Results: In acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD, the frequently used points were Baihui (GV 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Taixi (KI 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), and Neiguan (PC 6) in the descending order. Regarding meridians, the most frequently used one was the Governor Vessel, followed by the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming and Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang. From the perspective of body regions, the points in the head-face region and the lower-limb region had the highest frequencies, followed by the upper-limb, back and chest-abdomen regions. The point group, Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1)-Neiguan (PC 6)-Sanyinjiao (SP 6), showed the most significant association, and the group winning the second place was Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1)-Neiguan (PC 6)- Zusanli (ST 36). The clustering analysis showed that the commonly used point pairs included Zusanli (ST 36)-Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Taixi (KI 3)-Sanyinjiao (SP 6), which were closely associated with Baihui (GV 20). By analyzing the three commonly used acupuncture-moxibustion methods, acupuncture plus medication was found achieving the best result in the total effective rate and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, followed by monotherapy of electroacupuncture therapy, and these two methods were superior to acupuncture alone (P<0.05); the scores of MMSE, Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive section (ADAS-cog) and activity of daily living scale (ADL) showed significant improvements after treatment (all P<0.01). Conclusion: In the acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for AD, the main points are Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). Monotherapy of acupuncture has the highest frequency amongst the treatment methods, but its effective rate is lower than that of acupuncture plus medication and monotherapy of electroacupuncture.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the histological components and solubility of the bile-cast, and to study the pathological course of bile cast formation.

METHODSHE staining, bilirubin staining (Gmelin reaction), Masson's staining, alcian blue staining and fibrin staining (weigert's) were performed on the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded section of the bile cast. Ultrastructure was examined under the scanning electron microscope. Solubility test was also conducted using chymotrypsin, heparin, trypsin solution, HCl and NaOH solution to dissolve the bile-cast.

RESULTSThe major components of the bile-cast were bilirubin crystals and collagen fibers. Between the mass of collagen fibers there was certain blood vessel structure. Necrosis bile duct structure was not found in the cast. Under the scanning electron microscope, four kinds of crystal morphologies were viewed. There were some mucoid mass and necrosis defluvium epithelial cells in the bile cast. Solubility test showed that the bile cast could be partial dissolved in NaOH solution (pH = 12.5). No dissolution was found in HCl solution (pH = 5.0), chymotrypsin solution, heparin and trypsin solution.

CONCLUSIONSCollagen fibers work as framework in the bile cast with bilirubin crystal filling between the framework. The emergence of fibroblast and blood vessels indicated the formation of bile cast might be the course of exudation and organization due to bile duct epithelium damage. Bile cast could be partially dissolved in alkaline solution, but could not be dissolved in acid solution, or in chymotrypsin, heparin and trypsin solutions.

Bile Duct Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; Bile Ducts ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Microscopy ; Postoperative Complications ; Staining and Labeling

To study the possibility of separation and culture of human umbilical cord blood adherent cell (HUCBAC), the umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells were cultured in Dexter system in order to evaluate and observe the biological behavior of adherent cells in vitro. The results showed that all cells were cultured with Dexter system. By day 9-14 (at a median of 11.2 days), adherent cell colonies formed and reached their maximum at 15-22 days (mean 19.6 days), by day 28, all adherent cells spread over the bottom of Petri dish. By means of light microscopy, these cells were found to differentiate into three kinds of cells in culture of 28 days: fibroblast-liked cell, macrophage liked cell and small-round cells. The ratio of these three kinds of cells was 56.8%, 38%, 5.5% respectively. Cytochemistry assay revealed that the positive rate reached 100% in NSE stain and PAS stain; the adherent cell by ALP stain were shown 35% positive, but in POX stain the result was negative. Immunohistochemistry stain revealed that the positive rate of cord adherent cells for CD106, CD29, CD44, CD45, CD50, Fn, Ln, collagen IV etc reached 96%, 93%, 98%, 68%, 72%, 92%, 74%, 83% respectively. It is concluded there are hematopoietic adherent precursors in cord blood CD34(+) cells and the HUCBAC shows some biological behavior of hematopoietic stromal cells.
Antigens, CD34 ; blood ; Cell Adhesion ; immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; blood ; Immunohistochemistry ; Integrin beta1 ; blood ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; blood ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood

Leigh syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disease caused by defects in enzymes involved in aerobic energy metabolism and the Krebs', cycle. Mitonchondrial complex I deficiency is a main cause of Leigh syndrome. In this study, a Chinese child with Leigh syndrome caused by 13513G>A mutation was reported. The proband was the first child of his parents. The previously healthy boy presented with generalized epilepsy at 12 years of age. When he visited Peking University First Hospital at 13 years of age, he had subacute loss of vision in two eyes and temporal defect of visual field in the left eye. He walked with a spastic gait. His blood lactate and pyruvate levels were elevated. Muscle biopsy showed mild lipid accumulation in muscle fiber. An electrocardiogram showed incomplete right bundle branch block. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral, symmetrical lesions in the basal ganglia, supporting the diagnosis of Leigh syndrome. 13513G>A mutation was identified by gene analysis in the patient, which led to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency. Multivitamins and L-carnitine were administered. At present, the patient is 16 years old and has progressive deterioration with significant muscle weakness and body weight loss. He is absent from school. He has no obvious retardation in intelligence. 13513G>A mutation was first identified by gene analysis in Chinese population with Leigh syndrome. This may be helpful in genetic counseling.
Adolescent ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Electron Transport Complex I ; deficiency ; Humans ; Leigh Disease ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation

To study the importance of chemokine SDF-1 in surviving of acute myelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, the adhesion ability of HL-60 and expression of Bcl-2, Fas protein when SDF-1 activity was blocked by anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody (12G5) were compared with those detected before MAb incubation, in this experiment, HL-60 cell were cultured and co-cultured with normal marrow stromal cell. The adhesion rate was detected while the expression of Bcl-2 and Fas proteins were assayed by immunohistochemical technique when SDF-1 activity was inhibited. The results showed that cell adhesion rate of HL-60 decreased while the expression Bcl-2 decreased and Fas increased. It is concluded that inhibition of SDF-1 activity increases cell apoptosis and thus reduces life-span of leukemia cell at certain level.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Adhesion ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemokines, CXC ; physiology ; HL-60 Cells ; chemistry ; cytology ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; physiology ; fas Receptor ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo improve clinicians' ability of diagnosing testicular torsion.

METHODSWe reviewed the data of a case of testicular torsion that resulted in necrosis because of delayed presentation and repeated misdiagnosis, and analyzed its anatomic features, clinical manifestations, ultrasound results, the causes of misdiagnosis and relevant literature.

RESULTSThe patient presented 5 hours after the onset of symptoms, complaining of severe paroxysmal pain in the lower left abdomen, accompanied with nausea and vomiting, and was twice misdiagnosed as having enterospasm or ureteral calculus at two different hospitals. Fifteen hours later, surgical exploration revealed an about 900-degree testicular torsion in the spermatic cord, which necessitated orchiectomy for non viability of the testis. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed testicular necrosis and diffused hemorrhage in the testis and epididymis.

CONCLUSIONTimely presentation, correct diagnosis and proper treatment are keys to saving the affected testis. Color Doppler ultrasound is an ideal option for the definite diagnosis of acute scrotal diseases, and it offers a valuable guidance for related surgery as well.

Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Male ; Necrosis ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; diagnosis ; Testis ; pathology

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on cell adhesion molecule expression and adhesion capacity of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in patients after conditioning treatment for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). BMSC of 27 patients before and after conditioning treatment for PBSCT were cultured in vitro. After treated with ATRA at 0.01, 0.1, or 1 micromol/L, expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) protein were detected by flow cytometry, and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) protein was determined by using radioimmunoassay. Then BMSC was co-cultured with CD34+ cells, and adhesion rate of BMSC to CD34+ cells was measured. The results showed that after pretreatment with conditioning regimen for PBSCT, the expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins in BMSC and the expression level of sICAM-1 protein in supernatant of BMSC culture were down-regulated, and the adhesion rate of BMSC to CD34+ cells was decreased, after administration of ATRA, the expression of ICAM-1 protein in BMSC, sICAM-1 protein in culture medium and adhesion rate of BMSC to CD34+ cells all increased significantly, but expression of VCAM-1 protein changed no significantly. It is concluded that the ATRA can partly restore adhesion function of BMSC injured by pretreatment for PBSCT and contribute to hematopoietic reconstitution.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Child ; Coculture Techniques ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics