Objective To understand the occurrence of surgical site infection(SSI)following caesarean section,analyze risk factors,implement intervention measures,and evaluate intervention efficacy. Methods All puerperas who underwent caesarean section in the obstetric department of a hospital from January to December 2013 were mo-nitored,investigation were performed in two stages:evaluation stage(January-June,2013)and intervention stage (July-December,2013). Targeted intervention and clinical intervention were combined to intervene the risk factors. Occurrence of SSI,length of hospital stay,and hospitalization expense before and after intervention were compared. Results A total of 1 593 patients with caesarean section were monitored,31(1.95%)had SSI,incidence of SSI in evaluation stage and intervention stage were 3.40% and 0.95% respectively;incidence of SSI before and after inter-vention was significantly different(χ2= 12.02,P<0.01). Univariate analysis on evaluation stage showed that risk factors for SSI in patients with caesarean section were duration of operation≥1 hour,body mass index≥26 kg/m2,intraoperative blood loss ≥300 mL,underlying diseases,premature rupture of membranes,and without antimicro-bial prophylaxis(all P<0.05). In evaluation stage,648 patients received post-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis for>48 hours(n= 395,60.96%);in intervention stage,945 patients received post-operative antimicrobial prophy-laxis for<24 hours(n= 776,82.12%),different time distribution of post-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis in two stages after intervention was compared,difference was statistically significant(χ2= 673.26,P<0.01). The mean length of hospital stay of 31 SSI patients were(13.83±3.26)days,non-SSI patients were(7.06±1.66) days,difference was statistically significant(t= 7.86,P<0.01);the average hospitalization expenses for patients with SSI were(9 044.77±2 649.19)yuan,non-SSI patients were(6 254.73±638.52)yuan,difference was statis-tically significant(t= 4.344,P<0.01).Conclusion Intervention measures for risk factors of SSI after caesarean section can effectively reduce the incidence of SSI in caesarean section.